Component layer D · Priority 04

Power & Energy

Battery packs, BMS, conversion and charging—tracked with safety, thermal and duty-cycle conditions.

Partial exact-model coverage14 audited sample records1 comparison tablesSchema review 2026-08-09

Mapped subcategories

  • Cells, modules and robot battery packs
  • Battery-management systems
  • DC / DC conversion
  • Power distribution
  • Chargers and docking systems
  • Contactless charging
  • Fuses, contactors and protection devices
  • Power connectors and thermal systems

Fields that create comparison value

  • nominal and usable energy
  • continuous / peak discharge
  • temperature and cutoff conditions
  • cycle-life test method
  • BMS communication
  • certification and transport evidence
AUDITED RECORDS

Current pressure-test sample.

These records test whether the same claim-level schema can preserve meaningful differences across unlike products.

Smart lithium-ion battery packactive

RRC power solutions

RRC2054-2

A standardized smart battery pack with published electrical, thermal, communication and mechanical limits.

6 claims5 M · 1 DChecked 2026-08-09
Smart lithium-ion battery packactive

Inspired Energy

ND2054HD29

A compact smart pack with a published energy figure, connector family and UN 38.3 documentation link.

6 claims6 MChecked 2026-08-09
21700 lithium-ion cellactive

Molicel

INR-21700-P45B

A high-power cell record included to make the cell-versus-pack boundary explicit; it is not a drop-in robot battery.

6 claims6 MChecked 2026-08-09
Rugged smart lithium-ion battery packactive

Ultralife

UBBL13-01

A rugged dual-section smart pack used in robotics and unmanned systems, illustrating why series/parallel host wiring is part of the battery specification.

6 claims6 MChecked 2026-08-10
Smart lithium-ion battery packactive

RRC power solutions

RRC2040-2

A current-generation 10.8 V smart pack whose public page also records an 800-cycle retention condition and separate charge/discharge temperatures.

7 claims7 MChecked 2026-08-10
Smart lithium-ion battery packactive

Inspired Energy

NH2054HD34

A 98 Wh hot-swap-oriented smart pack with a capacity test method and a documented replacement relationship to earlier 2054 variants.

7 claims7 MChecked 2026-08-10
21700 lithium-ion cellactive

Molicel

INR-21700-P50B

A 5 Ah high-power cell whose 60 A headline remains a cell-level claim, not a protected robot-pack output rating.

7 claims7 MChecked 2026-08-10
Removable smart lithium-ion battery packactive

RRC power solutions

RRC2057

A compact 7.2 V smart pack with a published 9.5 A discharge ceiling and transport/safety standards list.

8 claims8 MChecked 2026-08-10
Legacy removable smart lithium-ion battery packlegacy

Inspired Energy

NL2024HD22

A 95 Wh legacy smart pack whose product page explicitly recommends newer NH-series choices for new designs.

8 claims8 MChecked 2026-08-10
High-power cylindrical lithium-ion cellactive

Molicel

INR-21700-P42A

A 4.2 Ah high-power cell with an unusually explicit manufacturer warning about unauthorized retail channels.

10 claims1 V · 8 M · 1 UChecked 2026-08-10
Rechargeable lithium-ion battery packactive

Ultralife

UBBL24

A 41 Wh pack with a C/5 capacity basis, published cycle threshold and multiple terminal variants.

9 claims8 M · 1 UChecked 2026-08-10
Multicell battery monitoring and balancing ICactive

STMicroelectronics

L99BM114-TR

A battery-monitoring IC relevant to robot pack design whose public datasheet quantifies ADC, balancing and communication boundaries, while the cited humanoid transient article does not release raw traces or a complete test method.

19 claims16 M · 3 UChecked 2026-08-10
Isolated regulated DC-DC converter moduleactive

Vicor

DCM3623T50M31C2T00

The full order code and temperature grade are retained. Electrical ratings do not prove one robot battery, harness, filter, thermal path, protection design or transient-load result.

14 claims12 M · 2 UChecked 2026-08-13
Rechargeable lithium-ion battery packactive

Inventus Power

S-2S1P-18650 / P/N 57658-101

The exact pack part number, electrical limits and connector are retained. The pack is not presented as a robot drop-in battery because charger, fuse, enclosure, duty, telemetry and system-safety evidence remain separate.

13 claims11 M · 2 UChecked 2026-08-13

First deliverable

Expand pack and BMS records; add charger, connector and certification relationships

Publication gate: a record needs a stable model identity, at least one traceable first-party source, useful integration fields, a last-verified date and visible evidence labels.

SOURCE SAMPLE

Where this layer is monitored.

A sample of the cross-source ledger. The full directory includes use and republication guidance.

ISO/TC 299 — Robotics ↗Standards & protocols · Global
Published standards, work programme, scope, terminology and revision status.
PERMISSION
Cite standard number, title, edition and status. Do not reproduce clauses, tables or figures without the applicable license or permission.
IEC standards and publications ↗Standards & protocols · Global
Electrical safety, batteries, machinery, EMC and industrial-control standards.
PERMISSION
Use bibliographic facts and RCI commentary. Reproduction or translation of normative content requires the relevant permission.
UL Product iQ ↗Standards & protocols · Global / US
Certification listings, file numbers, scopes and status clues for electrical and battery products.
FACTS
Record a listing fact, scope, identifier and verification date. Do not copy the database, certificates or marks; verify linking and account terms.
arXiv cs.RO ↗Research · Global
Early papers, disclosed architectures, prototype BOMs, experiments and limitations.
ITEM_LICENSE
arXiv metadata is CC0, but full-text redistribution depends on the license shown for that paper/version. Link to the abstract and verify figure rights separately.
IEEE-RAS Humanoids ↗Research · Global
Humanoid-specific mechanisms, energy studies, sensor layouts and full-system disclosures.
ITEM_LICENSE
Use as a paper and author discovery layer; verify every reuse right at the paper or repository level.
Science Robotics ↗Research · Global
High-impact robot systems, new mechanisms, validation and supplementary materials.
ITEM_LICENSE
Summarize with direct citation and inspect the article license and supplementary-material terms before any reproduction.