{
  "title": "RCI Robot Component Evidence Catalog",
  "version": "0.4.2",
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "released": "2026-08-10",
  "canonical": "https://robotcomponentindex.com/data/",
  "methodology": "https://robotcomponentindex.com/methodology/",
  "rightsNotice": "RCI provides original organization, normalization notes and editorial analysis. Manufacturer names, product names and linked source materials retain their respective rights. Values are factual transcriptions or explicitly marked RCI derivations; verify against the linked source before design or procurement.",
  "evidenceCodes": {
    "M": "Manufacturer claimed",
    "V": "Independently verified",
    "D": "RCI derived",
    "C": "Conflicting",
    "U": "Unknown"
  },
  "manufacturerCount": 25,
  "componentCount": 75,
  "claimCount": 561,
  "comparisonCount": 6,
  "manufacturers": [
    {
      "id": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "slug": "hebi-robotics",
      "name": "HEBI Robotics",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Modular robotic actuators, arms and software APIs for research and field systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-robotis",
      "slug": "robotis",
      "name": "ROBOTIS",
      "headquarters": "South Korea",
      "website": "https://www.robotis.us/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Developer of DYNAMIXEL networked actuators and robot development platforms."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-cubemars",
      "slug": "cubemars",
      "name": "CubeMars",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.cubemars.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Integrated planetary actuators, frameless motors and propulsion products for mobile robotics."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-realsense",
      "slug": "realsense",
      "name": "RealSense",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.realsenseai.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Stereo depth cameras, modules and computer-vision software for robotics and spatial applications."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-orbbec",
      "slug": "orbbec",
      "name": "Orbbec",
      "headquarters": "China / United States",
      "website": "https://www.orbbec.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "3D vision cameras and depth-sensing platforms for robotics and industrial systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "slug": "stereolabs",
      "name": "Stereolabs",
      "headquarters": "United States / France",
      "website": "https://www.stereolabs.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Stereo cameras and spatial AI software for robots, automation and digital twins."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-livox",
      "slug": "livox",
      "name": "Livox",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.livoxtech.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Compact 3D LiDAR sensors and software for mobile robots, mapping and autonomy."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-ouster",
      "slug": "ouster",
      "name": "Ouster",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://ouster.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Digital spinning and solid-state LiDAR hardware, software and perception products."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-hesai",
      "slug": "hesai",
      "name": "Hesai Technology",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.hesaitech.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Automotive and robotic LiDAR sensors spanning short-, mid- and long-range applications."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-nvidia",
      "slug": "nvidia",
      "name": "NVIDIA",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded-computing",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Jetson embedded AI modules and the associated JetPack, CUDA and robotics software stack."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi",
      "headquarters": "United Kingdom",
      "website": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Single-board computers and compute modules used in embedded and industrial systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-qualcomm",
      "slug": "qualcomm",
      "name": "Qualcomm",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.qualcomm.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Mobile and edge-compute platforms including robotics processors, connectivity and AI acceleration."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-rrc",
      "slug": "rrc-power-solutions",
      "name": "RRC power solutions",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Standard and custom smart batteries, chargers and power-management products."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "slug": "inspired-energy",
      "name": "Inspired Energy",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://inspired-energy.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Rechargeable smart battery packs, chargers and portable-power accessories for OEM systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-molicel",
      "slug": "molicel",
      "name": "Molicel",
      "legalName": "E-One Moli Energy",
      "headquarters": "Taiwan / Canada",
      "website": "https://www.molicel.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "High-power cylindrical lithium-ion cells for mobility, aviation and other demanding applications."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-myactuator",
      "slug": "myactuator",
      "name": "MYACTUATOR",
      "legalName": "Suzhou Micro Actuator Technology Co., Ltd.",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.myactuator.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Integrated planetary, harmonic and direct-drive actuators with CAN, RS-485 and EtherCAT variants."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-basler",
      "slug": "basler",
      "name": "Basler",
      "legalName": "Basler AG",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.baslerweb.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial machine-vision cameras, 3D time-of-flight cameras and the pylon software ecosystem."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-sick",
      "slug": "sick",
      "name": "SICK",
      "legalName": "SICK AG",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.sick.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial sensing and safety products including 2D and multi-layer LiDAR for mobile robots."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-advantech",
      "slug": "advantech",
      "name": "Advantech",
      "legalName": "Advantech Co., Ltd.",
      "headquarters": "Taiwan",
      "website": "https://www.advantech.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial computers and rugged edge-AI systems with robotics-oriented networking and I/O."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-aaeon",
      "slug": "aaeon",
      "name": "AAEON",
      "legalName": "AAEON Technology Inc.",
      "headquarters": "Taiwan",
      "website": "https://www.aaeon.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial embedded computers and fanless edge-AI systems spanning NVIDIA and x86 platforms."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-seeed",
      "slug": "seeed-studio",
      "name": "Seeed Studio",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.seeedstudio.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Embedded development and production hardware including Jetson-based industrial and robotics computers."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-toradex",
      "slug": "toradex",
      "name": "Toradex",
      "legalName": "Toradex AG",
      "headquarters": "Switzerland",
      "website": "https://www.toradex.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial system-on-modules, carrier-board ecosystems and maintained embedded Linux platforms."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-ultralife",
      "slug": "ultralife",
      "name": "Ultralife",
      "legalName": "Ultralife Corporation",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.ultralifecorporation.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Rugged primary and rechargeable batteries, smart packs, chargers and power systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-kvaser",
      "slug": "kvaser",
      "name": "Kvaser",
      "legalName": "Kvaser AB",
      "headquarters": "Sweden",
      "website": "https://kvaser.com/",
      "categories": [
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "CAN and CAN FD interfaces, embedded boards, data loggers, drivers and development APIs."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-hms",
      "slug": "hms-networks-ixxat",
      "name": "HMS Networks / Ixxat",
      "legalName": "HMS Networks AB",
      "headquarters": "Sweden / Germany",
      "website": "https://www.hms-networks.com/ixxat",
      "categories": [
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial communication interfaces and embedded networking products sold under the Ixxat brand."
    }
  ],
  "components": [
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus",
      "slug": "hebi-r8-9-plus",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "R8-9+",
      "name": "HEBI R8-9+ Actuator",
      "aliases": [
        "R8–9+"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated rotary joint actuator",
      "architecture": "Sealed modular actuator with reduction, sensing, controller and optical-Ethernet daisy chain",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/robotic-actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A field-oriented modular actuator whose official datasheet separates continuous torque from peak torque and publishes environmental and sensing information.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "10",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Datasheet headline rating; speed–torque envelope still governs simultaneous torque and speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "23",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak rating; duration is not stated in the headline table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "39",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed; not simultaneously available with peak torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "685",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The headline peak-torque duration is not stated in the summary table.",
        "Torque and speed maxima must not be treated as a simultaneous operating point."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r",
      "slug": "robotis-xh540-w270-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XH540-W270-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XH540-W270-R",
      "aliases": [
        "XH540-W270-T/R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, high-ratio metal gearing, encoder and embedded controller in a networked servo",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
      "summary": "A compact networked servo whose highest torque figure is explicitly a stall value at a specified voltage and current—not a continuous joint rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "9.9",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "At 12.0 V and 4.9 A; the e-Manual warns that stall torque is not a continuous output rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "39",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 12.0 V; no load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "165",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "272.5:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "R suffix; T variant uses TTL.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15",
          "originalUnit": "arcmin",
          "condition": "Equivalent value shown by manufacturer as 0.25°.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No continuous output torque is published in the main specification table.",
        "The stall and no-load values describe opposite ends of the operating curve."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak80-9-v3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK80-9 V3.0 KV100",
      "name": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0",
      "aliases": [
        "AK80-9 V3.0 KV100"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated rotary joint actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 9:1 planetary gearbox, driver and encoder in an integrated module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
      "summary": "A low-ratio integrated actuator marketed for legged robots, exoskeletons and AGVs with rated and peak torque published separately.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "9",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer calls this rated torque; thermal duty conditions are not stated in the product comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "22",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 28 A; duration not stated in the visible specification table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "390",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At the published rated operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "490",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "9:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control/data interface",
          "originalValue": "CAN + serial setup port",
          "condition": "XT30 2+2 combines power and CAN; CJT 3-pin is used for setup communication.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The visible page does not define the thermal test behind rated torque.",
        "Peak torque duration is not stated in the headline specification table."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-realsense-d455",
      "slug": "realsense-d455",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-realsense",
      "officialModel": "D455",
      "name": "RealSense Depth Camera D455",
      "aliases": [
        "D455f family"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active IR stereo depth camera with RGB global shutter and IMU",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
      "summary": "A USB stereo-depth camera with a 95 mm baseline, global shutters and a published ideal range tied to accuracy context.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.6–6",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-described ideal range; not a hard detection limit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 720 up to 30 fps; 848 × 480 up to 90 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum frame rate depends on resolution.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "87 × 58",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data connector",
          "originalValue": "USB-C 3.1 Gen 1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<2% at 4 m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer condition shown on the product page; see datasheet footnote for full method.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Motion sensing / synchronization",
          "originalValue": "Bosch BMI055 IMU; multi-camera use described",
          "condition": "Product page does not turn this into a universal host-level synchronization guarantee.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-independent_depth_behavior",
          "field": "independent_depth_behavior",
          "label": "Independent depth-error behavior",
          "originalValue": "Noise increases with distance; accuracy degrades sharply at high surface inclinations",
          "condition": "Controlled checkerboard study plus TLS-referenced indoor mapping evaluation; results depend on distance and surface inclination.",
          "note": "This verifies behavior under the paper’s setup, not the manufacturer’s entire range claim.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "Geometric Accuracy Investigations of Intel RealSense Depth Cameras",
            "url": "https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-1-W2-2023/1207/2023/",
            "location": "Sections 4–6 and Figures 6–10",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2023"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-independent_iso_ps_error",
          "field": "independent_iso_ps_error",
          "label": "Independent ISO 10360-13 P_S error",
          "originalValue": "Mean 2.47 mm; standard deviation 1.42 mm",
          "condition": "One off-the-shelf D455 was tested indoors under controlled brightness over 500–1500 mm using the paper’s ISO 10360-13 procedure.",
          "note": "This is a device- and setup-bounded close-range result; it does not validate every D455 unit, the full 6 m ideal range or every depth-error metric.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "Metrological Characterization and Comparison of D415, D455, L515 RealSense Devices in the Close Range",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227770",
            "location": "ISO 10360-13 close-range procedure, Table 4 and discussion",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2021-11-22"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The stated ideal range and accuracy are not interchangeable with maximum detectable distance.",
        "Resolution and frame-rate maxima cannot be combined arbitrarily."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335",
      "slug": "orbbec-gemini-335",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-orbbec",
      "officialModel": "Gemini 335",
      "name": "Orbbec Gemini 335",
      "aliases": [
        "G40155-170"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Stereo depth camera using Orbbec MX6800 processing ASIC with RGB, IMU and trigger support",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
      "summary": "A wide-field stereo camera whose product page distinguishes theoretical reach, recommended operating range and a precision claim at 2 m.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.10–20+",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Optimal range 0.26–3 m; manufacturer also states a theoretical maximum up to 65 m.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 800 @ 30 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum published depth mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "90 × 65",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data connection",
          "originalValue": "USB 3.0 Type-C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Spatial precision",
          "originalValue": "≤1.5% RMSE",
          "condition": "1280 × 800 at 2 m over a 90% × 90% region of interest.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "Depth/color sync, multi-device sync and hardware trigger supported",
          "condition": "Host, cable and SDK configuration still determine achieved timing.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Theoretical maximum distance is not the same as the optimal range.",
        "Published precision is tied to distance, resolution and ROI."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x",
      "slug": "stereolabs-zed-x",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "officialModel": "ZED X",
      "name": "Stereolabs ZED X",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo camera",
      "architecture": "Dual global-shutter color sensors with GMSL2 transport, IMU and external frame sync",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
      "summary": "A rugged GMSL2 stereo camera intended for robotics and field automation, with frame-rate claims tied to sensor resolution.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Stereo video modes",
          "originalValue": "1920 × 1200 @ 60 fps; 960 × 600 @ 120 fps",
          "condition": "The two maxima are separate operating modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Lens options",
          "originalValue": "2 mm wide-FOV or 4 mm long-range lens",
          "condition": "Field of view depends on ordered lens option.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data connection",
          "originalValue": "GMSL2",
          "condition": "Requires a compatible deserializer or capture platform.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress rating",
          "originalValue": "IP67",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "External frame sync",
          "condition": "Integration details depend on host hardware and cable topology.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "A host-side depth range figure is not published in the same visible specification block used here.",
        "GMSL2 is not plug-compatible with USB cameras."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360",
      "slug": "livox-mid-360",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-livox",
      "officialModel": "MID-360",
      "name": "Livox MID-360",
      "aliases": [
        "Mid-360"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Compact non-repetitive scanning 360-degree LiDAR with Ethernet, IMU and PTPv2/GPS synchronization",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
      "summary": "A compact panoramic LiDAR whose official range is explicitly split by target reflectivity under 100 klx ambient illumination.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Detection range",
          "originalValue": "40 m @ 10%; 70 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity; 100 klx ambient illumination.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "200,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "First return.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "360 × 59",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal 360°; vertical −7° to +52°.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Average power",
          "originalValue": "6.5",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer average.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "265",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Data synchronization",
          "originalValue": "IEEE 1588-2008 PTPv2 / GPS",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Range changes materially with reflectivity.",
        "Point rate is stated for first return; return mode matters."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ouster-os1",
      "slug": "ouster-os1",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ouster",
      "officialModel": "OS1",
      "name": "Ouster OS1 Rev8",
      "aliases": [
        "OS1",
        "OS1-128 Rev8",
        "OS1-080-xxx"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Rev8 L4 digital spinning LiDAR family with configurable channel count, frame rate, native-color output and Ethernet option",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
      "summary": "The current Rev8 OS1 family, kept separate from the 256-channel OS1 Max and from older Rev7 performance figures.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-product_revision",
          "field": "product_revision",
          "label": "Current hardware family",
          "originalValue": "Rev8; OS1-080-xxx",
          "condition": "The separate OS1 Max uses L4 Max and allows a 256-channel option; it is not this record.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Releases the Rev8 OS Family",
            "url": "https://investors.ouster.com/news-releases/news-release-details/ouster-releases-rev8-os-family-worlds-first-native-color-lidar",
            "location": "Rev8 highlights and OS1 Max product boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "2026-05-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range at 10% target",
          "originalValue": "90",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer overview labels this as range at a 10% target.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-max_range",
          "field": "max_range",
          "label": "Maximum representable range",
          "originalValue": "~250",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Digital representation boundary in the current overview; not a target-detection claim.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Maximum point rate",
          "originalValue": "10,485,760",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Maximum published Rev8 family configuration; operating mode and channel option must be fixed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Vertical field of view",
          "originalValue": "45",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal coverage is panoramic for the spinning sensor.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Maximum channel resolution",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "originalUnit": "channels",
          "condition": "OS1 Rev8 family maximum; OS1 Max is a separate product boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP68 / IP69K",
          "condition": "Current Rev8 family overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-frame_rate",
          "field": "frame_rate",
          "label": "Available frame rates",
          "originalValue": "5 / 10 / 15 / 20 / 30 / 40",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Availability depends on horizontal resolution and operating configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Typical power consumption",
          "originalValue": "10–20",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Current family-level range; cold-start and system supply margin are separate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "OS1 Rev8 is a configurable family; channel count, beam configuration, frame mode and Ethernet option must be fixed.",
        "The ~250 m representable range is not a detection distance.",
        "OS1 Max is a separate L4 Max product and its 200 m at 10% target claim must not be attached to this OS1 record.",
        "Rev7 OS1 values remain preserved in earlier immutable catalog releases."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32",
      "slug": "hesai-xt32",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hesai",
      "officialModel": "XT32",
      "name": "Hesai XT32",
      "aliases": [
        "XT32M/32/16 family"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "32-channel mechanical spinning LiDAR with Ethernet and PTP/GPS timing",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
      "summary": "A 32-channel panoramic mid-range LiDAR with separate instrument range, reflectivity-conditioned capability and return-mode point rates.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Instrumented range",
          "originalValue": "0.05–120",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-table range; not the same as a target-qualified detection distance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-range_10pct",
          "field": "range_10pct",
          "label": "Detection distance at 10% reflectivity",
          "originalValue": "80",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer states probability of detection greater than 90% for a 10% reflectivity target at 80 m.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "640,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Single return; dual-return rate differs.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "360 × 31",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Channels",
          "originalValue": "32",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "800",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Clock source",
          "originalValue": "GPS / PTP",
          "condition": "The user manual lists ≤1 μs PTP clock accuracy under its stated conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 120 m instrumented limit and the 80 m 10%-target result answer different questions.",
        "The selected page states POD >90% at 80 m but does not publish an ambient-light value beside that result.",
        "Point rate changes with return mode."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb",
      "slug": "nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-nvidia",
      "officialModel": "Jetson AGX Orin 64GB",
      "name": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 64GB",
      "aliases": [
        "P3701-0005"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded AI system-on-module",
      "architecture": "Ampere GPU, Arm Cortex-A78AE CPU, NVDLA and PVA accelerators on a production SoM",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
      "summary": "A high-end Jetson module whose headline TOPS value is an INT8 sparse throughput claim and must be paired with its power mode and workload precision.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "275 INT8 sparse TOPS",
          "condition": "Vendor theoretical peak with sparsity; not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "12-core Arm Cortex-A78AE",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "64 GB LPDDR5, 204.8 GB/s",
          "condition": "Production 64 GB module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Module power modes",
          "originalValue": "15–60",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Configured module power modes; carrier and peripherals add system power.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera I/O",
          "originalValue": "16 MIPI CSI-2 lanes / 16 virtual channels",
          "condition": "Module interface capability; carrier routing determines exposed ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Primary software stack",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA JetPack / CUDA / Isaac",
          "condition": "Exact compatibility depends on JetPack and Jetson Linux release.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson modules lineup",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin Series",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "TOPS is precision- and sparsity-specific.",
        "Module power is not total robot-compute-system power.",
        "Carrier-board I/O exposure varies."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi-compute-module-5",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "officialModel": "Compute Module 5",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5",
      "aliases": [
        "CM5"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded compute module",
      "architecture": "BCM2712 quad-core Arm compute module with optional eMMC, wireless and carrier-board I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
      "summary": "A general-purpose embedded compute module with unusually long published production availability and flexible carrier-board integration.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A76 at 2.4 GHz",
          "condition": "Broadcom BCM2712.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory options",
          "originalValue": "2 / 4 / 8 / 16 GB LPDDR4-4267 with ECC",
          "condition": "Ordered variant determines installed memory.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera/display I/O",
          "originalValue": "2 × four-lane MIPI DSI/CSI-2 ports",
          "condition": "Carrier-board routing and software configuration required.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "High-speed I/O",
          "originalValue": "PCIe Gen 2 x1; 2 × USB 3.0; Gigabit Ethernet PHY with IEEE 1588",
          "condition": "Module capabilities; connectors depend on carrier.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Production commitment",
          "originalValue": "Until at least January 2036",
          "condition": "Manufacturer availability statement, not a warranty for every variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Module dimensions",
          "originalValue": "55 × 40 × 4.7",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No dedicated NPU TOPS figure is claimed for the module itself.",
        "Real-time control and camera exposure depend on OS, carrier and configuration.",
        "Power consumption is workload- and carrier-dependent and is not reduced to one headline value here."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5",
      "slug": "qualcomm-robotics-rb5",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-qualcomm",
      "officialModel": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform",
      "name": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform",
      "aliases": [
        "RB5",
        "QRB5165 platform"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Robotics development platform",
      "architecture": "Heterogeneous mobile-derived robotics platform with CPU, Adreno GPU, Hexagon DSP/HTA, ISP and wireless connectivity",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
      "summary": "A robotics platform emphasizing heterogeneous imaging and AI pipelines rather than a directly comparable single TOPS headline.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "Kryo 585 up to 2.84 GHz",
          "condition": "Four high-performance and four low-power cores are described in the brief.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory support",
          "originalValue": "Up to 16 GB LPDDR5 / LPDDR4x",
          "condition": "Implementation and board variant determine installed memory.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera support",
          "originalValue": "12 D-PHY or 18 C-PHY cameras; 7 concurrent",
          "condition": "Platform maximum stated by vendor; board routing and sensors constrain actual combinations.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI acceleration",
          "originalValue": "Hexagon 698 DSP with HVX and Tensor Accelerator",
          "condition": "The cited brief does not state a directly comparable TOPS figure.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Software support in cited brief",
          "originalValue": "Ubuntu 18.04; Yocto Dunfell; Linux 4.19; ROS 2",
          "condition": "This is the document’s published baseline, not proof of current distribution support.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Wireless connectivity",
          "originalValue": "Wi-Fi 6 family / Bluetooth 5.1; optional 5G ecosystem",
          "condition": "Capabilities depend on platform configuration and mezzanine.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The official brief does not publish one TOPS value comparable to NVIDIA’s INT8 sparse number.",
        "The software versions in the brief require a current support-status check before design-in."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2",
      "slug": "rrc2054-2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-rrc",
      "officialModel": "RRC2054-2",
      "name": "RRC2054-2 Smart Battery Pack",
      "aliases": [
        "P/N 1100640"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "14.4 V removable smart pack with SMBus communication and integrated protection",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
      "summary": "A standardized smart battery pack with published electrical, thermal, communication and mechanical limits.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.40",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Nominal capacity",
          "originalValue": "≥6.80",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Datasheet minimum/nominal wording retained.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy, RCI derived",
          "originalValue": "97.9",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "normalizedValue": "97.9",
          "normalizedUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "14.40 V × 6.80 Ah; not usable energy and does not include voltage sag or cut-off.",
          "note": "RCI multiplication of the two manufacturer-stated nominal values.",
          "evidence": "D",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "rci-derived"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum discharge current",
          "originalValue": "10.0",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Thermal and protection limits still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication interface",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Typical weight",
          "originalValue": "450",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Derived nominal energy is not the same as usable energy under a robot duty cycle.",
        "Connector pinout, charger compatibility and pack authentication must be checked separately."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29",
      "slug": "inspired-energy-nd2054hd29",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "officialModel": "ND2054HD29",
      "name": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "4S1P removable smart pack using four 18650 cells with fuel-gauge display",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
      "summary": "A compact smart pack with a published energy figure, connector family and UN 38.3 documentation link.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.4",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Capacity",
          "originalValue": "2.9",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Energy",
          "originalValue": "42",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Published current",
          "originalValue": "4.0",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Product-page headline; consult the data sheet for operating boundary and protection behavior.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-connector",
          "field": "connector",
          "label": "Mating connector",
          "originalValue": "AMP 5787422-1 or 5787446-1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Transport documentation",
          "originalValue": "UN 38.3 test summary linked",
          "condition": "Document availability is not a substitute for checking exact revision and shipment configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product page does not establish robot-specific duty-cycle performance.",
        "Host communication behavior and charger compatibility require the linked data sheet."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b",
      "slug": "molicel-inr-21700-p45b",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-molicel",
      "officialModel": "INR-21700-P45B",
      "name": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B",
      "aliases": [
        "P45B"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "21700 lithium-ion cell",
      "architecture": "High-power cylindrical 21700 lithium-ion cell requiring an external pack, BMS, thermal design and protection system",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
      "summary": "A high-power cell record included to make the cell-versus-pack boundary explicit; it is not a drop-in robot battery.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "3.6",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Typical capacity",
          "originalValue": "4.5",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Typical energy",
          "originalValue": "16.2",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Single cell.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "45",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet applies an 80°C cut-off; pack thermal constraints may be lower.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Maximum weight",
          "originalValue": "70",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Official datasheet value; product page lists a nearby rounded value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Listed test reports",
          "originalValue": "UL / UN / IEC / SDS",
          "condition": "Exact report and pack-level applicability must be verified.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a cell, not a protected pack.",
        "A robot battery requires cell matching, interconnect, BMS, fusing, enclosure, thermal design and pack-level certification."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4",
      "slug": "myactuator-x8-32-v4",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-myactuator",
      "officialModel": "RMD-X8-P9-32-R",
      "name": "MYACTUATOR X8-32 V4",
      "aliases": [
        "X8-32",
        "RMD-X8-P9-32-R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "Planetary reduction, motor, controller and encoder in a compact RS-485 actuator module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
      "summary": "A current MYACTUATOR V4 module whose product code exposes peak torque, ratio and interface, while several continuous-duty fields remain image-only or unpublished in machine-readable form.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque encoded in model name",
          "originalValue": "32",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "The manufacturer’s naming guide defines the final number as peak torque; this is not a continuous rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Planetary reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "9:1",
          "condition": "P9 in the current model name.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication variant",
          "originalValue": "RS-485",
          "condition": "R suffix on the cited current product configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder configuration",
          "originalValue": "Single encoder",
          "condition": "Current X8-32 listing and X-series family grouping.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Replacement relationship",
          "originalValue": "Replaces RMD-X8-P6-20 / X8-20",
          "condition": "The manufacturer’s discontinuation notice names X8-32 as the replacement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR product discontinuation notice for X8-20",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC-news-5",
            "location": "Replacement notice",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The visible technical-parameter table is image-based; RCI has not transcribed speed, mass or thermal limits without a separately versioned document.",
        "Peak torque is encoded in the model name and does not establish continuous-duty output."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101",
      "slug": "basler-blaze-101",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-basler",
      "officialModel": "blaze-101",
      "name": "Basler blaze-101",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Time-of-flight 3D camera",
      "architecture": "Sony DepthSense IMX556 time-of-flight sensor with 940 nm VCSEL illumination and GigE Vision transport",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
      "summary": "An industrial ToF camera whose official documentation publishes unusually specific accuracy, warm-up, reflectivity and ambient-light conditions.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Measurement range",
          "originalValue": "Short 0.3–1.5; long 0.3–10",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Separate short- and long-range modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "640 × 480 at 20 fps default / 30 fps FastMode",
          "condition": "FastMode changes the operating mode; it is not the default.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "67 × 51",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Typical accuracy",
          "originalValue": "±5",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "0.5–5.5 m; 20-minute warm-up; flat white 90% target; no ambient light; 22°C; central 40 × 40 pixels; 25-image average.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "originalValue": "Gigabit Ethernet / GigE Vision",
          "condition": "1000 Mbit/s communication interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization modes",
          "originalValue": "PTP IEEE 1588, hardware trigger, software trigger, free run",
          "condition": "Multi-camera operation is supported, but achieved timing depends on network and configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Camera power",
          "originalValue": "<15 mean; <55 peak",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "24 VDC ±10%; typical values are lower in the cited documentation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The ±5 mm claim is not valid outside its stated target, temperature, warm-up and ambient-light test conditions.",
        "A 10 m range figure does not imply ±5 mm accuracy at 10 m."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100",
      "slug": "sick-picoscan100-family",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-sick",
      "officialModel": "picoScan100 family",
      "name": "SICK picoScan100 Family",
      "aliases": [
        "picoScan120",
        "picoScan150"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "2D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "HDDM+ multi-echo 2D scanning LiDAR with configurable Dynamic Sensing Profiles and Ethernet data interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
      "summary": "A configurable 2D LiDAR family whose range, resolution and scan rate vary together by model and sensing profile.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Working / scanning range",
          "originalValue": "0.05–120 m working; up to 75 m at 90% and 40 m at 10%",
          "condition": "Family and profile dependent; remission figures are at 10 klx.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Horizontal aperture angle",
          "originalValue": "276",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Family overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-scan_rate",
          "field": "scan_rate",
          "label": "Scanning frequency",
          "originalValue": "15–50",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Depends on variant and Dynamic Sensing Profile.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-angular_resolution",
          "field": "angular_resolution",
          "label": "Angular resolution",
          "originalValue": "0.05–0.5",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Resolution and scan rate are linked through the selected profile.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data integration",
          "originalValue": "Ethernet; ROS, C++ and Python drivers listed",
          "condition": "Exact native and host-side interfaces depend on model and firmware.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "220",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Family technical overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ambient operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−33 to +50",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Indoor/outdoor family rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a family record, not proof that every picoScan120/150 SKU supports every maximum.",
        "Range, angular resolution and scan frequency must be compared at the same Dynamic Sensing Profile."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao",
      "slug": "advantech-mic-733-ao",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-advantech",
      "officialModel": "MIC-733-AO",
      "name": "Advantech MIC-733-AO",
      "aliases": [
        "MIC-733-AO5A1",
        "MIC-733-AO6A1"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Rugged edge-AI computer",
      "architecture": "Fanless industrial system around NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin with modular networking, storage and optional GMSL/PoE expansion",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
      "summary": "A complete industrial computer that adds wide-input power, rugged I/O and expansion around an AGX Orin module; module TOPS must not be mistaken for whole-system performance.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "Up to 275",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "Maximum advertised AGX Orin configuration; precision, sparsity and application conditions are not a system benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Module memory options",
          "originalValue": "32 or 64 GB",
          "condition": "Depends on ordered AGX Orin system part number.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "4 × GbE; optional PoE",
          "condition": "Optional PoE module changes exposed capability.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Optional camera expansion",
          "originalValue": "4-channel GMSL2 frame grabber",
          "condition": "Optional IC-FG-4G2C1 module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-host_io",
          "field": "host_io",
          "label": "USB",
          "originalValue": "4 × USB 3.2 Gen 2 plus USB 2.0",
          "condition": "System-level external I/O.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "9–36",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Whole-system input range; consumption depends on configuration and load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "87 × 229.8 × 191.6",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Datasheet drawing.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 275 TOPS headline belongs to a configured AGX Orin module and is not an end-to-end robotics workload result.",
        "PoE, GMSL2, storage and cellular features depend on optional modules."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai",
      "slug": "aaeon-boxer-8641ai",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-aaeon",
      "officialModel": "BOXER-8641AI",
      "name": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Fanless edge-AI computer",
      "architecture": "Compact fanless system with Jetson AGX Orin, removable storage and industrial serial/DIO interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
      "summary": "A rugged complete computer offered with 32 GB and 64 GB AGX Orin variants, making ordered configuration part of every comparison.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU by module variant",
          "originalValue": "8-core Cortex-A78AE (32 GB) / 12-core Cortex-A78AE (64 GB)",
          "condition": "Ordered AGX Orin variant determines CPU configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "System memory options",
          "originalValue": "32 or 64 GB LPDDR5",
          "condition": "Soldered on the selected Jetson module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "2 × Gigabit Ethernet",
          "condition": "RJ-45 system ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-host_io",
          "field": "host_io",
          "label": "Industrial and USB I/O",
          "originalValue": "3 × USB 3.2 Gen 2; USB 2.0; 2 × RS-232/422/485; 8-bit DIO",
          "condition": "External system interfaces.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "Storage expansion",
          "originalValue": "64 GB eMMC; microSD; SATA bay; M.2 NVMe",
          "condition": "Availability and capacity depend on installed media.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "12",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Lockable DC jack; no single workload power figure is published in the selected table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +55",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "With 0.5 m/s airflow.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "180 × 136 × 79.1",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Specification table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product family has two materially different compute modules.",
        "The selected specification table does not provide a whole-system power envelope or workload benchmark."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012",
      "slug": "seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-seeed",
      "officialModel": "reComputer Industrial J4012",
      "name": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial J4012",
      "aliases": [
        "J4012"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial edge-AI computer",
      "architecture": "Jetson Orin NX 16 GB industrial carrier and enclosure with Ethernet, CAN, serial and digital I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
      "summary": "An industrial Jetson system whose robotics value comes from exposed CAN, serial, Ethernet and digital I/O in addition to module AI throughput.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-module",
          "field": "module",
          "label": "Compute module",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16 GB",
          "condition": "J4012 configuration in the family table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "100",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "Vendor family-table value for J4012; not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "8-core Arm Cortex-A78AE v8.2 64-bit",
          "condition": "Jetson Orin NX 16 GB configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Network and host I/O",
          "originalValue": "2 × LAN; 3 × USB 3.2; 2 × USB 2.0",
          "condition": "One LAN port is identified with PSE in the hardware overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "Industrial I/O",
          "originalValue": "CAN; RS-232/422/485; 4 DI; 4 DO",
          "condition": "Exposed system interfaces.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "12–24",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "System input; actual consumption depends on module power mode and peripherals.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 100 TOPS figure is a module-level vendor throughput number.",
        "PSE, peripheral loads and Jetson power mode affect whole-system power and thermal behavior."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb",
      "slug": "toradex-verdin-imx8m-plus-quad-4gb-wb-it",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-toradex",
      "officialModel": "Verdin iMX8M Plus Quad 4GB WB IT",
      "name": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus Quad 4GB WB IT",
      "aliases": [
        "Product 0058"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial system-on-module",
      "architecture": "NXP i.MX 8M Plus heterogeneous Arm SoM with Cortex-A53 application cores, Cortex-M7 real-time core, NPU and industrial interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "An industrial SoM whose real-time core, CAN-FD and maintained OS ecosystem may matter more to a robot controller than a large TOPS headline.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "Application / real-time CPUs",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A53 plus Cortex-M7",
          "condition": "Heterogeneous SoC; clocks and workloads must be checked in the datasheet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "NPU performance",
          "originalValue": "2.3",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "NXP i.MX 8M Plus NPU vendor figure; not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory and flash",
          "originalValue": "4 GB LPDDR4 at 4000 MT/s; 32 GB eMMC",
          "condition": "4 GB WB IT variant; eMMC vendor can change by hardware revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "CAN",
          "originalValue": "2 × CAN-FD",
          "condition": "Pin multiplexing and carrier-board routing still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Approximate module dissipation",
          "originalValue": "1.5–6.3",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Datasheet approximation; workload, peripherals and carrier losses are additional.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Module temperature range",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Wi-Fi/Bluetooth portion validated from −30°C to +85°C; other components cover the full range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Module dimensions",
          "originalValue": "69.6 × 35 × 6",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Supported OS families",
          "originalValue": "Torizon OS; Toradex Yocto reference images; Android",
          "condition": "Exact support status depends on release and hardware revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Carrier-board design determines accessible interfaces and compliance.",
        "The NPU TOPS figure is not comparable to a full robot workload or to sparse INT8 headlines without shared conditions."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01",
      "slug": "ultralife-ubbl13-01",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ultralife",
      "officialModel": "UBBL13-01",
      "name": "Ultralife UBI-2590 High Capacity Smart Battery",
      "aliases": [
        "UBBL13",
        "UBI-2590 HC SMBus"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Rugged smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "Two independently addressable battery sections that the host can connect in series or parallel, with SMBus and dual state-of-charge displays",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
      "summary": "A rugged dual-section smart pack used in robotics and unmanned systems, illustrating why series/parallel host wiring is part of the battery specification.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Voltage modes",
          "originalValue": "28.8 average series / 14.4 average parallel",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Series range 20.0–33.6 V; parallel range 10.0–16.8 V.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Capacity by connection mode",
          "originalValue": "10 series / 20 parallel",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "The same two sections are reconfigured; energy does not double in parallel mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Smart-battery communication",
          "originalValue": "SMBus v1.1 / SBD v1.1",
          "condition": "Host implementation and section addressing still need integration validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "3.2",
          "originalUnit": "lb",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−32 to +60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Product-page range; charge limits can be narrower.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Design / transport evidence",
          "originalValue": "MIL-PRF-32383/3; UN 38.3; IEC/UL/CSA 62133-2; CB scheme",
          "condition": "The page says designed to meet; exact certificate and shipped suffix must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The host determines series versus parallel connection and therefore voltage/capacity presentation.",
        "Operating-temperature range is not the same as charge-temperature range.",
        "Military form-factor compatibility does not guarantee every robot host pinout or charger is compatible."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2",
      "slug": "kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "USBcan Pro 2xHS v2",
      "name": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "Dual isolated high-speed CAN/CAN FD channels with FPGA control, USB host transport and on-device t-script execution",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/kvaser_usbcan_pro_2xhs_v2_userguide_2_3_180916.pdf",
      "summary": "A dual-channel CAN FD interface with a small but material minimum-bitrate conflict between two current official documents.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "High-speed CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "condition": "Two galvanically isolated channels.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "20–1000 (product page) / 50–1000 (user guide)",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "Two official current-facing documents publish different minimum bitrates.",
          "note": "RCI preserves the conflict instead of choosing one value; confirm hardware/firmware revision with Kvaser.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 User’s Guide",
              "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/kvaser_usbcan_pro_2xhs_v2_userguide_2_3_180916.pdf",
              "location": "Technical data, table 6",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
              "revision": "2.3"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "kvaser-usbcan-min-bitrate"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Requires a correct physical-layer implementation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB Hi-Speed",
          "condition": "USB bus powered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/kvaser_usbcan_pro_2xhs_v2_userguide_2_3_180916.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data, table 6",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Device technical data.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "Yes, both channels",
          "condition": "Isolation present; voltage withstand is not stated in the selected product table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-message_rate",
          "field": "message_rate",
          "label": "Maximum message rate",
          "originalValue": "20,000 per channel",
          "originalUnit": "messages/s",
          "condition": "Receive and send headline values.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Official sources disagree on the minimum classical-CAN bitrate.",
        "CAN FD at 8 Mbit/s depends on the network physical layer, cable and termination.",
        "USB interface timing is not identical to deterministic fieldbus control timing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
      "slug": "ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hms",
      "officialModel": "Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional",
      "name": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 Professional",
      "aliases": [
        "1.01.0283.22002"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "USB-to-CAN interface",
      "architecture": "Dual isolated classical-CAN interfaces with USB 2.0 host transport and VCI/ECI driver ecosystem",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
      "summary": "A dual-channel classical-CAN adapter whose selected product specification does not claim CAN FD, making protocol-generation boundaries explicit.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "High-speed CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "condition": "Two RJ45 interfaces with supplied D-Sub 9 adapter cables.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "CAN high-speed ISO 11898-2:2016.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-bus_protocol",
          "field": "bus_protocol",
          "label": "CAN controller mode",
          "originalValue": "CAN 2.0 A/B",
          "condition": "The selected configuration does not list CAN FD support.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 2.0 Hi-Speed, 480 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Compatible with USB 1.1 and USB 3.x according to family documentation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamping",
          "originalValue": "High-precision on-board timestamping",
          "condition": "No numeric resolution is published in the selected product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Isolation",
          "originalValue": "1 kV DC for 1 s / 500 V AC for 1 min",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver interfaces",
          "originalValue": "Windows VCI; Linux ECI / SocketCAN family support",
          "condition": "Exact platform support must be checked against the current driver release.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The selected V2 professional record is classical CAN; do not infer CAN FD from other Ixxat products.",
        "Timestamp precision is described qualitatively in the selected source.",
        "Supplied adapter cables affect the physical connector seen by the robot."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus",
      "slug": "hebi-t8-16-plus",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "T8-16+",
      "name": "HEBI T8-16+ Actuator",
      "aliases": [
        "T8–16+"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Series-elastic integrated rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, gear train, elastic element, encoders and controller in a networked continuous-rotation module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A current T8+ series-elastic module with continuous and peak torque separated in the same family table.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "T8-16+ configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "44",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed; not simultaneous with peak torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "575",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "T8 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "T-Series family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "24–48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "T5/T8 family input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Peak-torque duration is not stated in the selected table.",
        "Series elasticity and controller tuning affect achieved joint stiffness and bandwidth.",
        "Maximum speed and peak torque are not a simultaneous operating point."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90",
      "slug": "hebi-h25-90",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "H25-90",
      "name": "HEBI H25-90 Actuator",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated harmonic-drive rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, harmonic reduction, encoders and controller with optional power-off brake",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A higher-torque H-Series module with a harmonic reducer, published continuous torque and an optional fail-locked brake.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "90",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "H25-90 configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "180",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "50",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "2.9",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "H25 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock fiber Ethernet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "None — harmonic-type reducer",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table wording; this is not an independent lost-motion test.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-brake",
          "field": "brake",
          "label": "Safety brake option",
          "originalValue": "Optional; locked on power-off",
          "condition": "Optional configuration, not present in every unit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "“No backlash” is a manufacturer description and does not establish zero lost motion or torsional compliance.",
        "The brake is optional.",
        "Peak-torque duration and cooling conditions are not stated in the selected table."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r",
      "slug": "robotis-ph54-200-s500-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "PH54-200-S500-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL PH54-200-S500-R",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked industrial smart actuator",
      "architecture": "Maxon BLDC motor, high-ratio reduction, encoder and embedded RS-485 controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
      "summary": "A 24 V DYNAMIXEL-P actuator whose continuous values are published but explicitly calculated from the core-motor specification.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "44.7",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Calculated from core-motor specifications; manufacturer advises checking the performance graph and consulting for long-duration use.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Continuous speed",
          "originalValue": "29.0",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Calculated from core-motor specifications.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "855",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "501.923:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "<6 arcmin / 0.1°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "Asynchronous serial digital packet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "24.0",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Continuous torque and speed are calculated from the core motor rather than reported as an actuator thermal endurance test.",
        "The manufacturer recommends separate consultation for long-duration use.",
        "The high ratio changes backdrivability and efficiency."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r",
      "slug": "robotis-xm540-w270-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XM540-W270-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM540-W270-R",
      "aliases": [
        "XM540-W270-T/R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, metal gearing, absolute encoder and Protocol 2.0 controller in a compact servo",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
      "summary": "A compact current-controllable servo whose page explicitly warns that the headline stall torque is not a continuous rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The e-Manual publishes stall torque and warns that it differs from continuous and real-world output.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "10.6",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "12.0 V and 4.4 A; momentary stall condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "30",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "12.0 V; no load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "165",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "272.5:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "R variant; T variant uses TTL.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15 arcmin / 0.25°",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-independent_deployed_experiment",
          "field": "independent_deployed_experiment",
          "label": "Independent deployed experiment",
          "originalValue": "Used as the rotation motor in a weaving-gripper study with five repeated trials",
          "condition": "The XM540-W270-R drove a PET-strip gripper from an initial −70° angle to four final-angle conditions before vertical pull-to-failure testing with load-cell and torque-sensor instrumentation.",
          "note": "This confirms exact-model use in the disclosed apparatus; it does not independently validate stall torque, backlash, continuous output or service life.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "Grasping through dynamic weaving with entangled closed loops",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40358-y",
            "location": "Methods: Experimental method, lines identifying XM540-W270-R and the five repeated trials",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2023-08-02"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No continuous torque is published in the selected specification.",
        "Stall torque and no-load speed are opposite endpoints and cannot be multiplied as an operating point.",
        "Protocol compatibility does not establish deterministic system-level timing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak70-10",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK70-10 KV100",
      "name": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100",
      "aliases": [
        "AK70-10"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 10:1 planetary reduction, encoder and integrated driver with CAN control",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
      "summary": "A 24/48 V low-ratio actuator whose rated speed is published separately for the two supply voltages.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "8.3",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-rated value; thermal duration is not stated in the comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "24.8",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 23.2 A; duration not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "148 / 310",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "521",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "10:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN, 1 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "AK-series manual control protocol.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK Series Driver and Control Manual",
            "url": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
            "location": "CAN control protocol and model parameter ranges",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.0.14"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder configuration",
          "originalValue": "Single encoder",
          "condition": "Product comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The rated-torque thermal test and duration are not stated in the selected product table.",
        "Peak duration is not stated.",
        "Rated speed changes with supply voltage."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak10-9-v3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK10-9 V3.0 KV60",
      "name": "CubeMars AK10-9 V3.0",
      "aliases": [
        "AK10-9 V3.0 KV60"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 9:1 planetary reduction, dual encoders and integrated CAN driver",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
      "summary": "A larger AK-series module with dual encoders and distinct rated, peak and no-load rows in the same comparison source.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-rated value; thermal duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "53",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 31.9 A; duration not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "235",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "48 V product row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "940",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "9:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN, 1 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "AK-series manual control protocol.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK Series Driver and Control Manual",
            "url": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
            "location": "CAN control protocol and model parameter ranges",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.0.14"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder configuration",
          "originalValue": "Dual encoder",
          "condition": "Product comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The rated-torque thermal test is not stated.",
        "Peak duration is not stated.",
        "The product page row and protocol manual must both match the shipped firmware revision."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i",
      "slug": "realsense-d435i",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-realsense",
      "officialModel": "D435i",
      "name": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active IR stereo depth camera with global-shutter depth sensors, RGB camera and 6-DoF IMU",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
      "summary": "A short-baseline USB depth camera whose ideal range and accuracy are tied to a closer operating distance than D455.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.3–3",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-described ideal range, not a hard maximum.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-min_depth",
          "field": "min_depth",
          "label": "Minimum depth at maximum resolution",
          "originalValue": "~0.28",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Min-Z at maximum resolution.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "Up to 1280 × 720; up to 90 fps",
          "condition": "Resolution and frame-rate maxima are listed separately and are mode-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "87 × 58",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<2%",
          "condition": "At 2 m; manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-imu",
          "field": "imu",
          "label": "Motion sensing",
          "originalValue": "6-DoF IMU",
          "condition": "D435i configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "90 × 25 × 25",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Length × depth × height.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Ideal range is not maximum detectable distance.",
        "Accuracy is stated at 2 m and should not be extrapolated linearly.",
        "The listed maximum resolution and maximum frame rate are not necessarily one simultaneous mode."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2",
      "slug": "orbbec-gemini-2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-orbbec",
      "officialModel": "Gemini 2",
      "name": "Orbbec Gemini 2",
      "aliases": [
        "G20155-15"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active stereo IR camera with MX6600 ASIC, RGB, IMU and multi-camera sync port",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ORBBEC_Datasheet_Gemini-2-3.pdf",
      "summary": "An indoor/semi-outdoor stereo camera with a 50 mm baseline and a precision condition fixed at 2 m and 81% ROI.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.15–10",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Product specification; ideal range is narrower.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-ideal_range",
          "field": "ideal_range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.2–5",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 800 at 30 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum listed mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "91 × 66",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Spatial precision",
          "originalValue": "≤2%",
          "condition": "1280 × 800 at 2 m over 81% ROI.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data and power interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 3.0 Type-C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Multi-camera synchronization",
          "originalValue": "8-pin sync; ≤3 ms depth/RGB difference",
          "condition": "Auto exposure off; follow SDK topology instructions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ORBBEC_Datasheet_Gemini-2-3.pdf",
            "location": "Product specifications and multi-camera synchronization",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 10 m range is not the recommended 5 m ideal range.",
        "Precision is tied to distance, output mode and ROI.",
        "The synchronization figure requires auto exposure to be disabled."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i",
      "slug": "stereolabs-zed-2i",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "officialModel": "ZED 2i 2.1mm",
      "name": "Stereolabs ZED 2i 2.1mm",
      "aliases": [
        "ZED2i21MM"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo camera",
      "architecture": "Wide-baseline rolling-shutter stereo camera with USB 3, IMU, barometer and magnetometer",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.stereolabs.com/store/products/zed-2i",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
      "summary": "The 2.1 mm ZED 2i variant, kept separate from the 4 mm option because range, FOV and accuracy claims differ materially.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.3–20",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "2.1 mm lens; ideal range 0.3–12 m.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Stereo output modes",
          "originalValue": "2 × 2208 × 1242 at 15 fps; 2 × 1920 × 1080 at 30 fps; 2 × 1280 × 720 at 60 fps",
          "condition": "Separate modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "110 × 70 × 120",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical × diagonal; 2.1 mm lens.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<0.8% at 2 m; <4% at 12 m",
          "condition": "2.1 mm lens claims.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 3.0 Type-C",
          "condition": "External screw-lock cable.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP66",
          "condition": "Enclosure rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "229",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 4 mm option has different FOV, minimum range and accuracy and is not represented by this record.",
        "Depth is computed by host-side software and depends on compatible GPU, SDK and mode.",
        "The rolling shutters can affect fast-motion scenes."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-livox-avia",
      "slug": "livox-avia",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-livox",
      "officialModel": "Avia",
      "name": "Livox Avia",
      "aliases": [
        "AVIA"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Multi-line non-repetitive or repetitive scanning LiDAR with Ethernet, IMU and multi-return output",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
      "summary": "A long-range compact LiDAR whose range table explicitly crosses ambient illumination and target reflectivity.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Detection range at 100 klx",
          "originalValue": "190 m @ 10%; 230 m @ 20%; 320 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity under 100 klx ambient illumination.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-range_low_light",
          "field": "range_low_light",
          "label": "Detection range at 0 klx",
          "originalValue": "190 m @ 10%; 260 m @ 20%; 450 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity under 0 klx.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "240,000 first/strongest; 480,000 dual; 720,000 triple",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Return mode changes rate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "70.4 × 77.2 non-repetitive / 70.4 × 4.5 repetitive",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-precision",
          "field": "precision",
          "label": "Range precision",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "originalUnit": "cm",
          "condition": "1σ at 20 m; 25°C; 80% reflectivity target.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Data synchronization",
          "originalValue": "IEEE 1588-2008 PTPv2, PPS, GPS",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Typical power",
          "originalValue": "8 non-repetitive / 9 repetitive; 16 startup",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Startup power may increase at low temperature.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Range varies substantially with reflectivity and light.",
        "Point rate depends on return mode.",
        "Range precision is stated for one target, distance and temperature."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ouster-os0",
      "slug": "ouster-os0",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ouster",
      "officialModel": "OS0",
      "name": "Ouster OS0 Rev8",
      "aliases": [
        "OS0",
        "OS0 Rev8 family",
        "OS0-080-xxx"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Rev8 L4 ultra-wide spinning digital LiDAR family with configurable resolution, native-color output and Ethernet option",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
      "summary": "The current Rev8 ultra-wide OS0 family, with the 10%-target distance kept separate from its digital maximum representable range.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-product_revision",
          "field": "product_revision",
          "label": "Current hardware family",
          "originalValue": "Rev8; OS0-080-xxx",
          "condition": "Current L4 generation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Releases the Rev8 OS Family",
            "url": "https://investors.ouster.com/news-releases/news-release-details/ouster-releases-rev8-os-family-worlds-first-native-color-lidar",
            "location": "Rev8 highlights and current OS family boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "2026-05-04",
            "published": "2026-05-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range at 10% target",
          "originalValue": "35",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer overview labels this as range at a 10% target.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-max_range",
          "field": "max_range",
          "label": "Maximum representable range",
          "originalValue": "~250",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Digital representation boundary in the current overview; not a target-detection claim.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-min_range",
          "field": "min_range",
          "label": "Minimum range",
          "originalValue": "0.0",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "A headline minimum; not a usable-accuracy guarantee at the window.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Vertical field of view",
          "originalValue": "90",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal coverage is panoramic for the spinning sensor.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Maximum point rate",
          "originalValue": "10,485,760",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Maximum published Rev8 family configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Maximum channel resolution",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "originalUnit": "channels",
          "condition": "Family maximum; ordered channel and beam configuration matter.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-returns",
          "field": "returns",
          "label": "Returns",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "condition": "Strongest and second-strongest returns.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-frame_rate",
          "field": "frame_rate",
          "label": "Available frame rates",
          "originalValue": "5 / 10 / 15 / 20 / 30 / 40",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Availability depends on horizontal resolution and operating configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Typical power consumption",
          "originalValue": "10–20",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Current family-level range; cold-start peak is separate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP68 / IP69K",
          "condition": "Current Rev8 family overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "OS0 specifications vary by hardware revision, channel configuration, beam pattern and frame mode.",
        "The ~250 m value is a maximum representable range, not a detection claim and not a ratio to the 35 m 10%-target result.",
        "A headline zero minimum range does not establish usable accuracy at the sensor window.",
        "Rev7 OS0 values remain preserved in earlier immutable catalog releases."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb",
      "slug": "nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-nvidia",
      "officialModel": "Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
      "name": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded AI system-on-module",
      "architecture": "Ampere GPU, Arm Cortex-A78AE CPU and NVDLA accelerators in the 260-pin Jetson NX form factor",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
      "summary": "A compact Jetson module whose current Super headline must be separated into sparse and dense INT8 throughput and tied to software and power mode.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "Peak INT8 AI performance in Super mode",
          "originalValue": "157 sparse / 78 dense",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "JetPack 6.2 Super mode; theoretical peak, not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin NX 16GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "8-core Arm Cortex-A78AE up to 2 GHz",
          "condition": "Production module configuration described by NVIDIA.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "16 GB LPDDR5, 102 GB/s",
          "condition": "Module configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Original configurable power range",
          "originalValue": "10–25",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Original production modes; JetPack 6.2 adds higher Super modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Super-mode software gate",
          "originalValue": "JetPack 6.2",
          "condition": "Required for the cited Super-mode table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin NX 16GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-form_factor",
          "field": "form_factor",
          "label": "Module connector",
          "originalValue": "260-pin SODIMM",
          "condition": "Jetson NX series form factor.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-support_end_date",
          "field": "support_end_date",
          "label": "Published software support end date",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The current lineup page does not state one exact end-of-support date for this module and software stack.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson modules lineup",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
            "location": "Jetson Orin NX Series",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 157 TOPS number is sparse INT8 theoretical throughput; dense INT8 is lower.",
        "Super mode changes thermal and power requirements.",
        "Carrier I/O and total system power are not module-only specifications.",
        "An exact public support end date is not present in the selected lineup source."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi-compute-module-4",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "officialModel": "Compute Module 4",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4",
      "aliases": [
        "CM4"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded compute module",
      "architecture": "BCM2711 quad-core Arm module with optional eMMC and certified wireless variants",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
      "summary": "A widely deployed embedded module with a public production commitment and explicit standard versus extended temperature variants.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A72 at 1.5 GHz",
          "condition": "Broadcom BCM2711.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory options",
          "originalValue": "1 / 2 / 4 / 8 GB LPDDR4-3200",
          "condition": "Ordered variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "eMMC options",
          "originalValue": "Lite / 8 / 16 / 32 GB",
          "condition": "Lite has no eMMC.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Optional certified wireless",
          "originalValue": "2.4/5 GHz 802.11 b/g/n/ac; Bluetooth 5.0/BLE",
          "condition": "Wireless variants only.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +85 standard / −40 to +85 extended",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Variant-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Production commitment",
          "originalValue": "Until at least January 2034",
          "condition": "Manufacturer availability statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "Dedicated NPU throughput",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The module specification does not list a dedicated NPU or a TOPS claim.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The module has no dedicated NPU TOPS claim.",
        "Wireless, RAM, eMMC and temperature range depend on the ordered SKU.",
        "Carrier-board and OS choices determine exposed I/O and real-time behavior."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb",
      "slug": "toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-wb-it",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-toradex",
      "officialModel": "Verdin AM62 Quad 2GB WB IT",
      "name": "Toradex Verdin AM62 Quad 2GB WB IT",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial system-on-module",
      "architecture": "TI AM625 heterogeneous SoM with four Cortex-A53 cores, Cortex-M4F, PRU real-time subsystem and industrial interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A low-power industrial SoM that exposes real-time and CAN-FD integration features rather than a neural-accelerator headline.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "Application and real-time processors",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A53 at 1.4 GHz; Cortex-M4F at 400 MHz; dual-core PRUSS",
          "condition": "Quad 2GB variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "2 GB LPDDR4 with inline ECC",
          "condition": "Quad 2GB variant; inline ECC is an SoC feature.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "CAN FD interfaces",
          "originalValue": "1 family-compatible + 2 module-specific",
          "condition": "Carrier pin multiplexing and compatibility groups apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet capability",
          "originalValue": "On-module Gigabit PHY with IEEE 1588; second RGMII MAC",
          "condition": "Second PHY is carrier-side.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera interface",
          "originalValue": "1 × 4-lane MIPI CSI-2",
          "condition": "Module interface; carrier routing required.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Quad 2GB WB IT variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Recommended main input",
          "originalValue": "3.135–5.5",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "3.3 or 5 V typical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Module-specific interfaces are not guaranteed across every Verdin module.",
        "Carrier design determines exposed connectors and second-Ethernet implementation.",
        "This variant does not provide a directly comparable NPU TOPS headline."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai",
      "slug": "aaeon-boxer-8651ai",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-aaeon",
      "officialModel": "BOXER-8651AI",
      "name": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Fanless edge AI computer",
      "architecture": "Compact fanless industrial system built around NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX with exposed CAN FD, serial and DIO",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8651ai",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
      "summary": "A compact Orin NX system whose system-level ports and input range are distinct from the underlying Jetson module capabilities.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-module",
          "field": "module",
          "label": "Compute module",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 8 GB / 16 GB",
          "condition": "Ordered system variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "6-core Arm Cortex-A78AE",
          "condition": "Datasheet configuration wording; verify ordered Jetson module revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "System memory options",
          "originalValue": "8 / 16 GB LPDDR5",
          "condition": "On selected Jetson module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "Industrial I/O",
          "originalValue": "CAN FD; RS-232/422/485; 8-bit DIO",
          "condition": "System connectors.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet and USB",
          "originalValue": "1 × GbE; 2 × USB 3.2 Gen 2; 2 × USB 2.0",
          "condition": "System-exposed ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "12–24",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "System input; workload consumption not stated in the selected table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−15 to +55",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "IEC 60068-2 with 0.5 m/s airflow.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The datasheet CPU wording must be matched to the exact Orin NX module SKU.",
        "The temperature range includes a specified airflow condition.",
        "Module TOPS and system-level sustained application throughput are not equivalent."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2",
      "slug": "rrc2040-2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-rrc",
      "officialModel": "RRC2040-2",
      "name": "RRC2040-2 Smart Battery Pack",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "3S2P removable smart pack with SMBus, state-of-charge display and redundant protection",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
      "summary": "A current-generation 10.8 V smart pack whose public page also records an 800-cycle retention condition and separate charge/discharge temperatures.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "10.80",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Current product generation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Nominal capacity",
          "originalValue": "≥6.80",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Current product generation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "≥73.44",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum discharge current",
          "originalValue": "10.00",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Protection and temperature limits apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication bus",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-cycle_life",
          "field": "cycle_life",
          "label": "Capacity retention",
          "originalValue": "Up to 80% after 800 cycles",
          "condition": "Manufacturer headline; exact cycle method requires the current datasheet/manual.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Charge / discharge temperature",
          "originalValue": "0 to 45 / −20 to 60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Charge and discharge ranges differ.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Current RRC2040-2 values differ from archived previous-generation documents, so the exact hardware revision must be recorded.",
        "The cycle headline requires its detailed charge/discharge method.",
        "Host connector, authentication and charger compatibility remain system-level checks."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34",
      "slug": "inspired-energy-nh2054hd34",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "officialModel": "NH2054HD34",
      "name": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "4S2P eight-cell smart pack with SMBus, removable connector and always-on fuel-gauge display",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/images/product_data_sheets/NH2054HD34_spec_v1.8.pdf",
      "summary": "A 98 Wh hot-swap-oriented smart pack with a capacity test method and a documented replacement relationship to earlier 2054 variants.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.4",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Product-page capacity",
          "originalValue": "6.8",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Datasheet specifies ≥6.136 Ah initial and >6.340 Ah typical under its stated method.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-capacity_test",
          "field": "capacity_test",
          "label": "Rated-capacity method",
          "originalValue": "≥6.136 Ah initial; >6.340 Ah typical",
          "condition": "16.8 V CV charge, 3.0 A limit to 136 mA taper; 1.34 A discharge to 11.0 V at 25°C within one hour of charge.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 Battery Specification",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/images/product_data_sheets/NH2054HD34_spec_v1.8.pdf",
            "location": "Rated-capacity method and operating limits",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.8 / 2024-03-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Energy",
          "originalValue": "98",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Published discharge capability",
          "originalValue": "8.0",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Product headline; detailed protection behavior remains in the specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Replacement relationship",
          "originalValue": "Replaces NH2054HD29 and NH2054HD31",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The marketing 6.8 Ah figure and datasheet minimum/typical values use different levels of precision; the test method governs.",
        "Low-temperature performance should be validated in the host device.",
        "Replacement does not automatically guarantee firmware, authentication or charger compatibility."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b",
      "slug": "molicel-inr-21700-p50b",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-molicel",
      "officialModel": "INR-21700-P50B",
      "name": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B",
      "aliases": [
        "P50B"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "21700 lithium-ion cell",
      "architecture": "Low-impedance high-power cylindrical cell requiring an external pack, BMS, fusing and thermal system",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
      "summary": "A 5 Ah high-power cell whose 60 A headline remains a cell-level claim, not a protected robot-pack output rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "3.6",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Typical capacity",
          "originalValue": "5.0",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Typical nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "3.6 V × 5.0 Ah; also stated on the manufacturer campaign page.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Discharge current",
          "originalValue": "60",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Cell-level manufacturer headline; consult the datasheet for temperature and cutoff conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Maximum weight",
          "originalValue": "71",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-energy_density",
          "field": "energy_density",
          "label": "Gravimetric energy density",
          "originalValue": "260",
          "originalUnit": "Wh/kg",
          "condition": "Product-page value; a separate campaign page shows a nearby 265 Wh/kg rounded value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Listed reports",
          "originalValue": "UL / UN / IEC / SDS",
          "condition": "Exact report revision and pack applicability must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a cell, not a battery pack.",
        "The 60 A headline requires the datasheet temperature and cutoff conditions.",
        "Cell reports do not replace pack-level safety, transport and integration evidence."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p",
      "slug": "kvaser-u100p",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "U100P",
      "name": "Kvaser U100P",
      "aliases": [
        "EAN 73-30130-01174-8"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Rugged USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "Single isolated CAN/CAN FD channel with USB 2.0 host transport, MagiSync and precision timestamping",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-u100p/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
      "summary": "The active precision U100 variant, with reinforced isolation and a 1 μs timestamp that is materially different from the base U100 model.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Requires correct physical-layer implementation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 2.0",
          "condition": "USB bus powered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Precision U100P variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Reinforced galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "5000 VAC rms for 60 s",
          "condition": "Design/test statement in current documentation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-u100p/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-message_rate",
          "field": "message_rate",
          "label": "Maximum message rate",
          "originalValue": "20,000",
          "originalUnit": "messages/s",
          "condition": "Per channel.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Housing / operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "IP67; −40 to +85°C",
          "condition": "Mated CAN and USB connectors are separately listed as IP40 in the guide.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The IP67 housing rating does not extend to the mated connectors, which are listed as IP40.",
        "USB host scheduling is not deterministic fieldbus timing.",
        "The base U100 has a different timestamp specification and must not be conflated with U100P."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
      "slug": "ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hms",
      "officialModel": "Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact",
      "name": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD Compact",
      "aliases": [
        "1.01.0351.12001"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "Single isolated CAN/CAN FD interface with USB host transport and VCI/ECI driver ecosystem",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
      "summary": "A compact single-channel CAN FD adapter with both ISO and non-ISO modes, but no numeric timestamp resolution in the selected public specification.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "D-Sub 9 CAN/CAN FD interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "High-speed CAN ISO 11898-2:2016.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "ISO and non-ISO CAN FD; verified-by-testing statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB Type-A",
          "condition": "5 V USB powered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
            "location": "General, interface and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Numeric timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected public product specification does not publish a numeric timestamp resolution.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "800 V DC / 500 V AC for 1 min",
          "condition": "Datasheet general specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
            "location": "General, interface and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature / protection",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70°C / IP40",
          "condition": "Public product and datasheet specifications.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
            "location": "General, interface and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No numeric timestamp resolution is published in the selected public specification.",
        "IP40 is not a sealed field rating.",
        "USB transport and driver choice affect host-side timing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus",
      "slug": "hebi-t8-3-plus",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "T8-3+",
      "name": "HEBI T8-3+ Actuator",
      "aliases": [
        "T8–3+"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Series-elastic integrated rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, gear train, elastic element, encoders and controller in a networked continuous-rotation module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A high-speed T8+ series-elastic configuration with continuous and peak torque kept separate.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "4",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "T8-3+ configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "8",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "110",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed; not simultaneous with peak torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "575",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "T8 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Envelope and bore",
          "originalValue": "126 × 74 × 48 mm; 15 mm bore",
          "condition": "T8 family envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "24–48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "T5/T8 family input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "T-Series family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Peak duration and thermal test conditions are not stated in the selected table.",
        "Maximum speed and peak torque are not a simultaneous operating point.",
        "Series elasticity changes the stiffness and bandwidth boundary."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20",
      "slug": "hebi-t25-20",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "T25-20",
      "name": "HEBI T25-20 Actuator",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Series-elastic integrated rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, gear train, elastic element, encoders and controller in a larger networked module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A larger T-Series configuration with 20 N·m continuous torque and a 20 mm through-bore.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "T25-20 configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "40",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "47",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "1.5",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "T25 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Envelope and bore",
          "originalValue": "170 × 105 × 67 mm; 20 mm bore",
          "condition": "T25 family envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "36–48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "T25 family input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "T-Series family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Peak duration is not published in the selected table.",
        "Family mass and envelope must be checked against the exact ordered connector and brake options.",
        "Series elasticity makes rigid-gearbox comparisons incomplete."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45",
      "slug": "hebi-h25-45",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "H25-45",
      "name": "HEBI H25-45 Actuator",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated harmonic-drive rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, harmonic-type reduction, encoders and network controller with an optional power-off brake",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A 45 N·m continuous H-Series configuration with published angular accuracy and an optional fail-locked brake.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "45",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "H25-45 configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "90",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "100",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "2.9",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "H25 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "24–48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "H-Series input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock fiber Ethernet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Angular accuracy",
          "originalValue": "0.02",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "None — harmonic-type reducer",
          "condition": "Manufacturer wording; not an independent lost-motion test.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-brake",
          "field": "brake",
          "label": "Safety brake option",
          "originalValue": "Optional; locked on power-off",
          "condition": "Optional configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "“No backlash” does not establish zero torsional compliance or lost motion.",
        "The brake is optional.",
        "Peak duration and cooling assumptions are not stated."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r",
      "slug": "robotis-xh540-w150-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XH540-W150-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XH540-W150-R",
      "aliases": [
        "XH540-W150-T/R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, metal gearing, absolute encoder and embedded Protocol 2.0 controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
      "summary": "A compact high-speed DYNAMIXEL whose voltage-specific stall and no-load endpoints are explicitly not continuous ratings.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The e-Manual publishes momentary stall torque and warns that it differs from continuous and real-world output.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "6.6 / 7.1 / 8.5",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "At 11.1 V and 4.5 A / 12 V and 4.9 A / 14.8 V and 5.9 A respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "66 / 70 / 86",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 11.1 / 12 / 14.8 V respectively; no load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "165",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "152.3:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15 arcmin / 0.25°",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Operating voltage",
          "originalValue": "10–14.8; 12 recommended",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "R variant; T variant uses TTL.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No continuous torque is published in the cited specification.",
        "Stall torque and no-load speed are opposite endpoints, not one operating point.",
        "R and T variants use different physical buses."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r",
      "slug": "robotis-xw540-t260-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XW540-T260-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XW540-T260-R",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Waterproof networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, high-ratio metal gearing, absolute encoder and embedded RS-485 controller in an IP68 enclosure",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
      "summary": "An IP68 DYNAMIXEL with high reduction and voltage-specific stall torque, kept outside continuous-torque comparisons.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The e-Manual publishes momentary stall torque and warns that it differs from continuous and real-world output.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "8.8 / 9.5 / 11.2",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "At 11.1 V and 4.5 A / 12 V and 4.9 A / 14.8 V and 5.9 A respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "37 / 40 / 48",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 11.1 / 12 / 14.8 V respectively; no load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "185",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "260.6:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15 arcmin / 0.25°",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP68; 1 m for 24 h",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-stated immersion condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No continuous torque is published in the cited specification.",
        "Ingress protection does not establish corrosion, dynamic-seal or connector performance in every medium.",
        "Stall torque and no-load speed cannot be combined into mechanical power."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak60-6-v3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK60-6 V3.0 KV80",
      "name": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80",
      "aliases": [
        "AK60-6 V3.0"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 6:1 planetary reduction, magnetic encoder and integrated controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
      "summary": "A compact low-ratio actuator with separate 24 V and 48 V rated-speed rows.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "3",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-rated value; thermal duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "9",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "233 / 490",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-no_load_speed",
          "field": "no_load_speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "320 / 640",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "380",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "6:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder",
          "originalValue": "21-bit magnetic encoder",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage options",
          "originalValue": "24 / 48",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Variant- and mode-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Rated and peak thermal durations are not stated.",
        "Speed changes with voltage.",
        "The encoder resolution claim does not establish output-angle accuracy after gearing and compliance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak80-64",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK80-64 KV80",
      "name": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80",
      "aliases": [
        "AK80-64"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated high-ratio planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 64:1 planetary reduction, magnetic encoder and integrated CAN/UART controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
      "summary": "A high-ratio AK actuator with 48 N·m rated torque and a published manufacturer backlash figure.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "48",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Rated current 7 A; duration and cooling method are not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "120",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 19 A; duration not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "23 / 48",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "850",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "64:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "0.18",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder",
          "originalValue": "14-bit magnetic encoder",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN and UART",
          "condition": "Protocol and firmware revision must match the shipped unit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Rated-torque duration and thermal setup are not stated.",
        "Backlash is a manufacturer value, not an independent lost-motion curve.",
        "High reduction materially changes backdrivability and efficiency."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6",
      "slug": "cubemars-aka60-6",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AKA60-6 KV80",
      "name": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80",
      "aliases": [
        "AKA60-6"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated hollow-shaft planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 6:1 planetary reduction, hollow shaft, magnetic encoder and CAN/UART controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
      "summary": "A hollow-shaft 6:1 module with a separately published radial-load figure for routing through the joint.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "3",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-rated value; thermal duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "9",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "200 / 400",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "460",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "6:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-radial_load",
          "field": "radial_load",
          "label": "Rated radial load",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page rating; load location and life condition must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder",
          "originalValue": "14-bit magnetic encoder",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN and UART",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Rated and peak thermal durations are not stated.",
        "The radial-load figure lacks a life curve and load-offset definition in the cited summary.",
        "Encoder bit depth is not output-angle accuracy."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-realsense-d457",
      "slug": "realsense-d457",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-realsense",
      "officialModel": "D457",
      "name": "RealSense Depth Camera D457",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Rugged stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active IR stereo camera with global-shutter sensors, RGB, IMU and GMSL/FAKRA transport",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://realsenseai.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/RealSense-D457-Datasheet-Dec-2025.pdf",
      "summary": "A ruggedized D455-class camera using GMSL/FAKRA for long cable runs and an IP65 enclosure.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.6–6",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-described ideal range, not a hard maximum.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-min_depth",
          "field": "min_depth",
          "label": "Minimum depth at maximum resolution",
          "originalValue": "~0.52",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Mode-dependent Min-Z.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "Up to 1280 × 720; up to 90 fps",
          "condition": "Resolution and frame-rate maxima are listed separately.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "87 × 58",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<2%",
          "condition": "At 4 m; manufacturer product-page condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data and power transport",
          "originalValue": "GMSL over FAKRA; cable length up to 15 m",
          "condition": "Requires compatible serializer/deserializer host hardware.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://realsenseai.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/RealSense-D457-Datasheet-Dec-2025.pdf",
            "location": "D457 depth, GMSL/FAKRA and enclosure specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP65",
          "condition": "Enclosure-level rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "124 × 26 × 36",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Length × depth × height.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Ideal range is not a guaranteed maximum.",
        "Accuracy is fixed to 4 m and should not be generalized across the range.",
        "GMSL/FAKRA requires a compatible host-side deserializer and does not plug directly into USB."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl",
      "slug": "orbbec-gemini-2-xl",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-orbbec",
      "officialModel": "Gemini 2 XL",
      "name": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Long-range stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active stereo depth system with RGB, IMU, on-camera processing and USB or PoE Gigabit Ethernet transport",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
      "summary": "A long-range active-stereo system with USB and PoE GigE paths and externally triggered multi-camera synchronization.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.4–20",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 800 at 10 fps; 640 × 400 at 20 fps",
          "condition": "Separate modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "91 × 65",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<2%",
          "condition": "1280 × 800 at 4 m over 81% ROI.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data and power interfaces",
          "originalValue": "USB 2 Type-C; PoE Gigabit Ethernet",
          "condition": "OBox and cable configuration affect mass and integration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "External sync and trigger",
          "condition": "Product-level support; achieved timing depends on topology and software.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Average power",
          "originalValue": "<7",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer average-power specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "152 g camera; 279 g OBox",
          "condition": "Subsystem masses are reported separately.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Accuracy is tied to distance, output mode and ROI.",
        "The camera and OBox masses must both be included when that transport configuration is used.",
        "Maximum distance is not an accuracy-qualified distance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22",
      "slug": "stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "officialModel": "ZED X Mini 2.2mm",
      "name": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini 2.2mm",
      "aliases": [
        "ZED X Mini"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Rugged GMSL2 stereo camera",
      "architecture": "Dual global-shutter image sensors with GMSL2 transport, IMU and hardware synchronization",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
      "summary": "The wide-angle 2.2 mm ZED X Mini variant, isolated from other lens options because range and FOV differ.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.1–8",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "2.2 mm lens option.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Stereo output",
          "originalValue": "2 × 1920 × 1200 at 60 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum listed mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "110 × 80 × 120",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical × diagonal; 2.2 mm lens.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data transport",
          "originalValue": "GMSL2",
          "condition": "Requires a compatible GMSL2 capture path.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "Hardware synchronization and trigger",
          "condition": "Feature support; achieved system timing still requires validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-imu",
          "field": "imu",
          "label": "Motion sensing",
          "originalValue": "Built-in IMU",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP67",
          "condition": "Enclosure rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy under a fixed test condition",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected product page does not publish a distance-, target- and metric-specific accuracy value comparable with the active-stereo records.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This record represents only the 2.2 mm lens option.",
        "Depth is computed by host-side software and depends on GPU, SDK and selected mode.",
        "A numeric accuracy claim under a fixed test condition is not available in the cited page."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70",
      "slug": "livox-mid-70",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-livox",
      "officialModel": "Mid-70",
      "name": "Livox Mid-70",
      "aliases": [
        "Mid70"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Non-repetitive scanning 3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Single-aperture non-repetitive scanning LiDAR with Ethernet and multi-return output",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
      "summary": "A compact circular-FOV LiDAR with range explicitly separated by reflectivity under 100 klx ambient illumination.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Detection range at 100 klx",
          "originalValue": "90 m @ 10%; 130 m @ 20%; 260 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity under 100 klx ambient illumination.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-min_range",
          "field": "min_range",
          "label": "Minimum range",
          "originalValue": "0.05",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "100,000 single; 200,000 dual",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Return mode changes rate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "70.4 circular",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Circular FOV.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-precision",
          "field": "precision",
          "label": "Range precision",
          "originalValue": "≤2",
          "originalUnit": "cm",
          "condition": "At 20 m, 30% reflectivity and 25°C.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "IEEE 1588-2008 PTPv2, PPS and GPS",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Average power",
          "originalValue": "8",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer average-power value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "580",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-independent_registration_error",
          "field": "independent_registration_error",
          "label": "Independent point-cloud registration result",
          "originalValue": "0.018 m static; 0.043 m dynamic",
          "condition": "Proposed registration method; 35 static and 357 moving-platform scans; 0.2 s integration; sensor warmed for more than 30 minutes; returns below 1 m discarded; room dimensions physically referenced.",
          "note": "These are sensor-plus-algorithm mapping results in two disclosed scenes, not an independent validation of the intrinsic ≤2 cm range-precision claim or maximum detection range.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "Non-Repetitive Scanning LiDAR Sensor for Robust 3D Point Cloud Registration in Localization and Mapping Applications",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020378",
            "location": "Sections 5–6 and Table 2: static and dynamic registration experiments",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2024-01-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Range depends strongly on reflectivity and ambient illumination.",
        "Point rate doubles only in dual-return mode.",
        "The 5 cm minimum range does not imply full precision at that distance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ouster-os2",
      "slug": "ouster-os2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ouster",
      "officialModel": "OS2",
      "name": "Ouster OS2 Rev7",
      "aliases": [
        "OS2",
        "OS2-128",
        "OS2 Rev7"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Long-range panoramic 3D LiDAR family",
      "architecture": "Rev7 L3 digitally configurable spinning multi-beam LiDAR family with Ethernet output",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/hardware-user-manual/hardware-user-manual-rev7-os2.pdf",
      "summary": "The long-range Rev7 OS2 family, with target-qualified detection and firmware-dependent maximum representable range kept separate.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-product_revision",
          "field": "product_revision",
          "label": "Hardware revision",
          "originalValue": "Rev7",
          "condition": "The hardware user manual explicitly limits its scope to Rev7 OS2 sensors.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS2 Hardware User Manual",
            "url": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/hardware-user-manual/hardware-user-manual-rev7-os2.pdf",
            "location": "Section 2.1: Rev7 product-family boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range at 10% target",
          "originalValue": "200",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Rev7 OS2 headline range at a 10% target.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-max_range",
          "field": "max_range",
          "label": "Maximum representable range",
          "originalValue": "404 typical / 381 minimum",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Rev7 OS2 with firmware 2.5.x at 0.25×, 0.5× or 1× signal multiplier; returns beyond this boundary may alias. This is not a target-detection claim.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Sensor Operations — maximum representable range",
            "url": "https://docs.ouster.com/sensor-docs/image_route1/image_route3/sensor_operations/sensor-operations.html",
            "location": "Maximum Representation Range For Rev6/Rev7 OS2 (FW v2.5.x)",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev7 / firmware 2.5.x"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Maximum channel configuration",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "condition": "OS2 family option.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Maximum point rate",
          "originalValue": "2.62 million",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Highest listed family configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Vertical field of view",
          "originalValue": "22.5",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal coverage is panoramic in the spinning configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-scan_rate",
          "field": "scan_rate",
          "label": "Maximum frame rate",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Operating-mode dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-precision",
          "field": "precision",
          "label": "Range precision",
          "originalValue": "±2",
          "originalUnit": "cm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer maximum-precision statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power under a fixed mode",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected current product summary does not provide a mode-specific power value suitable for this comparison record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "OS2 Rev7 is a configurable family rather than one fixed SKU.",
        "The 200 m target-qualified range and 404 m typical representable boundary are different quantities and must not be divided into a performance ratio.",
        "Representable range changes with firmware and signal multiplier, and returns beyond the boundary may alias.",
        "Maximum point rate, maximum frame rate and range may not occur in one configuration."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128",
      "slug": "hesai-qt128",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hesai",
      "officialModel": "QT128",
      "name": "Hesai QT128",
      "aliases": [
        "QT128C2X"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Wide-vertical-FOV panoramic 3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "128-channel rotating LiDAR with Ethernet, multi-return output and PTP synchronization",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
      "summary": "A 128-channel near-field sensor with current official conflicts in point rate and mass, plus channel-specific, light-bounded range conditions.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Instrumented range",
          "originalValue": "0.05–50",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Instrumented range; detection range is reflectivity- and channel-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
            "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
            "published": "2026-04-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-range_10pct",
          "field": "range_10pct",
          "label": "Detection range at 10% reflectivity",
          "originalValue": "20 m for channels 9–120; 15 m for channels 1–8 and 121–128",
          "condition": "Normal incidence; 0–100 klx ambient illumination; probability of detection >90%; false-alarm rate <10E-5.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
            "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
            "published": "2026-04-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Channels",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
            "location": "Current performance specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Single-return point rate",
          "originalValue": "1,152,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Current product page value; Q03 manual dated 2026-04-10 lists 864,000 points/s.",
          "note": "RCI preserves both official values until Hesai ties the current page to a hardware or firmware revision.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
            "location": "Current performance specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
              "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
              "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
              "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
              "published": "2026-04-10"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "hesai-qt128-point-rate-revision"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "360 × 105.2",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
            "location": "Current performance specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-scan_rate",
          "field": "scan_rate",
          "label": "Frame rate",
          "originalValue": "10 / 20",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Operating-mode dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
            "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
            "published": "2026-04-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "PTP",
          "condition": "Protocol support; achieved timing depends on the system clock path.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
            "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
            "published": "2026-04-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power consumption",
          "originalValue": "12",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer typical/nominal specification in the cited technical material.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
            "location": "Current performance specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "700",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Current product page value; Q03 manual dated 2026-04-10 lists 900 ± 15 g.",
          "note": "The 200 g discrepancy may reflect a product revision or configuration, but neither current source identifies that boundary. RCI preserves both values pending manufacturer clarification.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
            "location": "Current performance specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
              "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
              "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
              "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
              "published": "2026-04-10"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "hesai-qt128-mass-revision"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Point rate and mass each conflict between the current product page and current Q03 manual; neither difference is normalized away.",
        "Detection range depends on reflectivity, vertical channel, ambient illumination and the stated probability/false-alarm criteria.",
        "Frame rate and point rate must be matched to hardware, firmware and return mode."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102",
      "slug": "basler-blaze-102",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-basler",
      "officialModel": "blaze-102",
      "name": "Basler blaze-102",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Industrial time-of-flight 3D camera",
      "architecture": "VGA indirect time-of-flight camera with GigE transport and hardware/software/PTP synchronization",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
      "summary": "A ToF camera with distinct short- and long-range modes and a fixed-condition accuracy row.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Working range",
          "originalValue": "0.3–1.5 m short mode; 0.3–10 m long mode",
          "condition": "Two separate operating modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "640 × 480; 20 fps default / 30 fps fast",
          "condition": "Frame rate depends on acquisition mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "67 × 51",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "±5",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "At 0.5–5.5 m under the documentation’s specified operating conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "originalValue": "Gigabit Ethernet",
          "condition": "Industrial Ethernet camera transport.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization and trigger",
          "originalValue": "Free run, IEEE 1588 PTP, software and hardware trigger",
          "condition": "Supported modes; system timing still requires validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-architecture_detail",
          "field": "architecture_detail",
          "label": "Depth architecture",
          "originalValue": "Indirect time of flight; 640 × 480 sensor",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Short- and long-range modes are different configurations.",
        "Accuracy applies only to a bounded distance interval and test condition.",
        "ToF multipath and target reflectivity are application-specific error sources not reduced to one datasheet value."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133",
      "slug": "sick-multiscan136-1140133",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-sick",
      "officialModel": "MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136",
      "name": "SICK multiScan136 (1140133)",
      "aliases": [
        "multiScan100",
        "MULS1AA-112211"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Multi-layer panoramic 3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Sixteen-layer rotating LiDAR with Ethernet output, multi-echo processing, IMU and PTP",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
      "summary": "An exact multiScan136 ordering-code record with reflectivity and ambient-light range conditions attached.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Scanning range",
          "originalValue": "10 m @ 10% / 100 klx; 12 m @ 10% / 10 klx; 15 m @ 90% / 100 klx; 30 m @ 90% / 10 klx",
          "condition": "Detection probability greater than 99%; reflectivity and ambient-light conditions preserved.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-working_range",
          "field": "working_range",
          "label": "Instrumented working range",
          "originalValue": "0.05–60",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Not equivalent to the reflectivity-qualified scanning range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Scanning layers",
          "originalValue": "16",
          "condition": "Two 0.125° high-resolution layers and fourteen wider-resolution layers in this configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "360 × 65",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical; vertical span 22.5° to −42.5°.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Measurement point rate",
          "originalValue": "216,000–648,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Depends on number of evaluated echoes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-returns",
          "field": "returns",
          "label": "Evaluated echoes",
          "originalValue": "3",
          "condition": "Multi-echo configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-scan_rate",
          "field": "scan_rate",
          "label": "Scanning frequency",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Part number 1140133.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Timing support",
          "originalValue": "PTP",
          "condition": "Feature list for this ordering code; achieved synchronization still requires system validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This record applies to part number 1140133, not every multiScan100 variant.",
        "Working range and scanning range are different definitions.",
        "Point rate changes with the number of echoes."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb",
      "slug": "nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-nvidia",
      "officialModel": "Jetson Orin Nano 8GB",
      "name": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano 8GB",
      "aliases": [
        "Jetson Orin Nano 8 GB"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded AI system-on-module",
      "architecture": "Ampere GPU, six-core Arm Cortex-A78AE CPU and LPDDR5 memory in a production SoM",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
      "summary": "An entry Orin module whose Super-mode figures require JetPack 6.2 and a compatible power and thermal configuration.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "6-core Arm Cortex-A78AE up to 1.7 GHz",
          "condition": "Super-mode column.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin Nano 8GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "67 sparse / 33 dense INT8 TOPS",
          "condition": "Super mode with JetPack 6.2; sparsity and precision conditions preserved.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin Nano 8GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "8 GB 128-bit LPDDR5; 102 GB/s",
          "condition": "8 GB module, Super-mode column.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin Nano 8GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Module power modes",
          "originalValue": "15 W / 25 W / MAXN SUPER",
          "condition": "JetPack 6.2 Super-mode configuration; carrier and peripherals are additional loads.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin Nano 8GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "CSI camera input",
          "originalValue": "Up to 4 cameras; 8 virtual channels over 8 MIPI CSI-2 lanes",
          "condition": "Module capability; carrier routing determines exposed connectors.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Solving Entry-Level Edge AI Challenges with NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/solving-entry-level-edge-ai-challenges-with-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano/",
            "location": "Module architecture and camera-interface summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Super-mode software baseline",
          "originalValue": "JetPack 6.2",
          "condition": "Required for the cited Super-mode performance table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin Nano 8GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Published availability",
          "originalValue": "Available through January 2032",
          "condition": "NVIDIA Jetson lifecycle table; not a warranty of distributor stock.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson Product Lifecycle",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/lifecycle",
            "location": "Jetson Orin Nano 8GB availability table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-independent_energy_benchmark",
          "field": "independent_energy_benchmark",
          "label": "Independent AI-benchmark energy result",
          "originalValue": "31.8 J CUDA; 28.3 J SYCL (12% lower)",
          "condition": "Jetson Orin Nano 8 GB board at 15 W with JetPack 5.1.2; tegrastats package measurement across the paper’s four HeCBench AI tests using the cited CUDA and SYCL implementations.",
          "note": "The result is workload-, implementation- and software-version-specific; it is not a Super-mode TOPS validation or a whole-robot power measurement.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "SYCL in the edge: performance and energy evaluation for heterogeneous acceleration",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-05957-6",
            "location": "Table 1, Section 4 and Section 5.3: 8 GB board configuration and AI-benchmark energy results",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2024-03-16"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Sparse and dense INT8 TOPS are not workload throughput.",
        "Super mode requires the stated software and a carrier, power supply and thermal path that support it.",
        "Module camera capability is not the same as exposed carrier-board ports."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3",
      "slug": "qualcomm-robotics-rb3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-qualcomm",
      "officialModel": "Robotics RB3 Platform",
      "name": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform",
      "aliases": [
        "RB3 Platform"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Robotics development platform",
      "architecture": "SDA845-based development platform with Kryo CPU, Adreno GPU, Hexagon DSP and Spectra ISP",
      "lifecycleStatus": "unknown",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.qualcomm.com/internet-of-things/products/qualcomm-robotics-rb3-platform",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
      "summary": "A legacy-generation robotics development platform retained as a distinct record from the newer RB3 Gen 2 family.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-processor",
          "field": "processor",
          "label": "Platform processor",
          "originalValue": "Qualcomm SDA845",
          "condition": "Original RB3 Platform, not RB3 Gen 2.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "8-core Qualcomm Kryo 385 up to 2.8 GHz",
          "condition": "Platform product brief.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "Accelerator architecture",
          "originalValue": "Hexagon 685 DSP and Adreno 630 GPU",
          "condition": "No single comparable TOPS claim is supplied in the cited brief.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "8 GB LPDDR4x at 1866 MHz",
          "condition": "Development-platform configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera processing",
          "originalValue": "Spectra 280 ISP; up to 32 MP single or 16 MP dual camera",
          "condition": "Sensor, mode and board routing constraints still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Software baseline",
          "originalValue": "Linux and ROS support",
          "condition": "Version compatibility must be checked against current downloadable images.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform product page",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/internet-of-things/products/qualcomm-robotics-rb3-platform",
            "location": "Platform features and specification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-wireless",
          "field": "wireless",
          "label": "Wireless",
          "originalValue": "Wi-Fi 5 and Bluetooth 5",
          "condition": "Platform configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Exact end-of-support date",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited official platform page does not publish a dated end-of-support commitment for this original RB3 generation.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform product page",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/internet-of-things/products/qualcomm-robotics-rb3-platform",
            "location": "Platform features and specification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is the original SDA845 RB3, not RB3 Gen 2.",
        "Linux and ROS version support changes over time and requires image-level verification.",
        "The official page does not provide an exact end-of-support date."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox",
      "slug": "advantech-mic-713-ox",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-advantech",
      "officialModel": "MIC-713-OX",
      "name": "Advantech MIC-713-OX",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Fanless Jetson Orin NX edge computer family",
      "architecture": "Fanless industrial system integrating an NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX module, storage and carrier I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.advantech.com/emt/products/965e4edb-fb98-429e-89ed-9a0a8435a7be/mic-713-ox/mod_6d301c11-8606-44ce-8179-b31753b59c23",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
      "summary": "A rugged Orin NX system family whose memory, CPU and optional GMSL configuration depend on ordering code.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU configuration",
          "originalValue": "8-core for 16 GB module / 6-core for 8 GB module",
          "condition": "Ordering-dependent Orin NX configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "Up to 157 TOPS",
          "condition": "Current datasheet with Super mode and JetPack 6.2 or above; current product page still states up to 100 TOPS.",
          "note": "RCI preserves both current official values until Advantech aligns the page and datasheet or ties each value to an ordering code.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX product page",
              "url": "https://www.advantech.com/emt/products/965e4edb-fb98-429e-89ed-9a0a8435a7be/mic-713-ox/mod_6d301c11-8606-44ce-8179-b31753b59c23",
              "location": "Features and ordering-dependent system specifications",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "advantech-mic713-tops-revision"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory options",
          "originalValue": "8 GB / 16 GB",
          "condition": "Ordered Jetson Orin NX module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-networking",
          "field": "networking",
          "label": "Networking",
          "originalValue": "2 × Gigabit Ethernet",
          "condition": "Base system.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-usb",
          "field": "usb",
          "label": "USB",
          "originalValue": "6 × USB 3.2 Gen 2",
          "condition": "System-exposed ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Optional GMSL expansion",
          "originalValue": "4 channels",
          "condition": "Optional expansion, not present in every ordered unit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "9–36",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "System input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "194.8 × 174.3 × 65.85",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "System enclosure.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a configurable system family rather than one immutable BOM.",
        "The current page and current datasheet disagree on the headline TOPS value.",
        "GMSL is optional and must be present in the ordered configuration."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai",
      "slug": "aaeon-boxer-8646ai",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-aaeon",
      "officialModel": "BOXER-8646AI",
      "name": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Jetson AGX Orin machine-vision computer",
      "architecture": "Industrial system integrating Jetson AGX Orin 32 GB with twelve PoE camera ports and isolated field I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/p/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8646ai",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
      "summary": "A camera-dense AGX Orin system with twelve PoE ports, dual CAN FD and a constrained 19–24 V input range.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-processor",
          "field": "processor",
          "label": "Compute module",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 32 GB",
          "condition": "Manual configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "32 GB LPDDR5",
          "condition": "Integrated module configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "On-module storage",
          "originalValue": "64 GB eMMC",
          "condition": "Expansion storage is separate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "PoE camera networking",
          "originalValue": "12 × Gigabit Ethernet PoE",
          "condition": "System ports; aggregate bandwidth and PoE budget require design review.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-networking",
          "field": "networking",
          "label": "Additional Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "1 × 10 GbE and 1 × GbE",
          "condition": "Separate from twelve PoE ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-fieldbus",
          "field": "fieldbus",
          "label": "CAN interfaces",
          "originalValue": "2 × CAN FD",
          "condition": "System-exposed interfaces.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "19–24",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "System input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +50",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "With 0.5 m/s airflow according to the manual.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "JetPack baseline",
          "originalValue": "JetPack 5.0 or later",
          "condition": "Manual baseline; exact image availability must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The temperature rating requires stated airflow.",
        "Twelve PoE ports do not guarantee simultaneous full-rate vision workloads or unlimited PoE budget.",
        "JetPack compatibility must be checked against AAEON’s current system image."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012",
      "slug": "seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-seeed",
      "officialModel": "reComputer Mini J4012",
      "name": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini J4012",
      "aliases": [
        "J4012"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Compact Jetson Orin NX edge computer",
      "architecture": "Compact carrier and enclosure built around a Jetson Orin NX 16 GB module with NVMe storage",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
      "summary": "A compact Orin NX system with dual CAN and preinstalled NVMe storage; its published TOPS figure predates later Super-mode tables.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-processor",
          "field": "processor",
          "label": "Compute module",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16 GB",
          "condition": "J4012 configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "100 TOPS",
          "condition": "Product-guide value; not updated here to NVIDIA Super-mode figures.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "16 GB LPDDR5",
          "condition": "Integrated Orin NX module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "NVMe storage",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "originalUnit": "GB",
          "condition": "J4012 bundled configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-usb",
          "field": "usb",
          "label": "USB ports",
          "originalValue": "Up to 7",
          "condition": "Mixed USB types and speeds; inspect the port map.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-fieldbus",
          "field": "fieldbus",
          "label": "CAN interfaces",
          "originalValue": "2 × CAN",
          "condition": "System-exposed interfaces.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-networking",
          "field": "networking",
          "label": "Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "Gigabit Ethernet",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "63 × 95 × 42",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Enclosure dimensions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Software baseline",
          "originalValue": "JetPack 6.0",
          "condition": "Guide baseline; exact image and Super-mode support require current verification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product-guide TOPS figure is retained as published and is not silently replaced with a later module headline.",
        "USB count spans different connector types and speeds.",
        "Carrier power, thermal and image support determine whether newer module modes are usable."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it",
      "slug": "toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-toradex",
      "officialModel": "Verdin iMX95 Hexa 8GB WB IT",
      "name": "Toradex Verdin iMX95 Hexa 8GB WB IT",
      "aliases": [
        "Verdin iMX95 8GB WB IT"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial wireless system-on-module",
      "architecture": "NXP i.MX95 SoC with six Cortex-A55 application cores, Cortex-M7/M33 real-time cores, NPU and onboard wireless",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/verdin-som-family/modules/verdin-imx95/",
      "summary": "An i.MX95 Verdin configuration whose public revision table exposes active EOL and replacement churn rather than hiding it.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU architecture",
          "originalValue": "6 × Arm Cortex-A55 up to 1.8 GHz; Cortex-M7 and Cortex-M33",
          "condition": "SoC capability; module thermal limits still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NXP i.MX 95 Applications Processors product page",
            "url": "https://www.nxp.com/products/i.MX95",
            "location": "i.MX 95 CPU, NPU and real-time processor summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "NPU performance",
          "originalValue": "2 TOPS",
          "condition": "NXP i.MX95 NPU headline; precision and workload conditions require model-level validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NXP i.MX 95 Applications Processors product page",
            "url": "https://www.nxp.com/products/i.MX95",
            "location": "i.MX 95 CPU, NPU and real-time processor summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "8 GB",
          "condition": "Exact Hexa 8GB WB IT configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX95 module overview",
            "url": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/verdin-som-family/modules/verdin-imx95/",
            "location": "Module feature, memory, wireless and product-revision tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-wireless",
          "field": "wireless",
          "label": "Wireless",
          "originalValue": "Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.4",
          "condition": "WB configuration using the documented MAYA-W260 module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex MAYA-W260 Wi-Fi and Bluetooth module",
            "url": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/hardware-resources/peripherals/wireless/ublox-maya-w260-wi-fi-bluetooth-module/",
            "location": "Wireless standards used on Verdin iMX95 WB variants",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Published module revision chain",
          "originalValue": "V1.0A EOL; V1.0B March 2026; V1.0C Q2 2026; V1.1A Q3 2026 planned",
          "condition": "Dates and status copied from the current Toradex revision table; planned dates can move.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX95 module overview",
            "url": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/verdin-som-family/modules/verdin-imx95/",
            "location": "Module feature, memory, wireless and product-revision tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Toradex software path",
          "originalValue": "Torizon / Toradex BSP ecosystem",
          "condition": "Exact release support must be matched to module revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX95 module overview",
            "url": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/verdin-som-family/modules/verdin-imx95/",
            "location": "Module feature, memory, wireless and product-revision tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Carrier-exposed camera connectors",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "A SoM does not define the connectors exposed by the selected carrier board.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX95 module overview",
            "url": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/verdin-som-family/modules/verdin-imx95/",
            "location": "Module feature, memory, wireless and product-revision tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product-revision schedule includes planned dates and may change.",
        "A SoM requires a carrier board; connector and power exposure are carrier-specific.",
        "The 2-TOPS NPU headline is not an application benchmark."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-rrc2057",
      "slug": "rrc2057",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-rrc",
      "officialModel": "RRC2057",
      "name": "RRC power solutions RRC2057",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Removable smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "Two-series lithium-ion smart pack with protection electronics and SMBus communication",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2057",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
      "summary": "A compact 7.2 V smart pack with a published 9.5 A discharge ceiling and transport/safety standards list.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "7.2",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Pack nominal value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Typical capacity",
          "originalValue": "6.9",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Datasheet capacity value; application discharge rate and temperature affect usable capacity.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "49.7",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "9.5",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Subject to pack protection and thermal limits.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "condition": "Smart-battery interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "230",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-temperature",
          "field": "temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "0 to +45 charge; −20 to +60 discharge",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Charge and discharge windows differ.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Safety and transport evidence",
          "originalValue": "IEC 62133, UL 2054 and UN 38.3 listed",
          "condition": "Verify current reports and exact ordered pack before shipment or certification use.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Nominal energy is not usable robot runtime.",
        "Protection trips, connector resistance and temperature affect deliverable power.",
        "Standards listed in a datasheet do not replace current report and lot-level documentation."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22",
      "slug": "inspired-nl2024hd22",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "officialModel": "NL2024HD22",
      "name": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22",
      "aliases": [
        "NL2024"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Legacy removable smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "Four-series, three-parallel 18650 smart pack with twelve cells, protection and a defined connector family",
      "lifecycleStatus": "legacy",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
      "summary": "A 95 Wh legacy smart pack whose product page explicitly recommends newer NH-series choices for new designs.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.4",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Pack nominal value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Rated capacity",
          "originalValue": "6.6",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Product-page value; test method should be confirmed in the current specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "95",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "8",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Product-page limit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-max_power",
          "field": "max_power",
          "label": "Maximum continuous power",
          "originalValue": "80",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value; current and voltage limits still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-cell_configuration",
          "field": "cell_configuration",
          "label": "Cell configuration",
          "originalValue": "12 × 18650; 4S3P",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-published pack construction.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-connector",
          "field": "connector",
          "label": "Connector family",
          "originalValue": "TE Connectivity AMP 5787422-1 / 5787446-1",
          "condition": "Mate and polarization must be checked against the host design.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "New-design guidance",
          "originalValue": "NH2054 or NH2034 recommended; RH2024 listed as an alternative",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page recommendation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The manufacturer does not recommend this legacy model for new designs.",
        "Connector family does not establish cable assembly, pinout or mate availability by itself.",
        "Nominal watt-hours do not establish usable energy at an 80 W load."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a",
      "slug": "molicel-p42a",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-molicel",
      "officialModel": "INR-21700-P42A",
      "name": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A",
      "aliases": [
        "P42A"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "High-power cylindrical lithium-ion cell",
      "architecture": "Unprotected 21700 cylindrical lithium-ion cell intended as an input to engineered battery packs",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p42a/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.molicel.com/wp-content/uploads/INR21700P42A-V4-80092.pdf",
      "summary": "A 4.2 Ah high-power cell with an unusually explicit manufacturer warning about unauthorized retail channels.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "3.6",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Cell nominal value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p42a/",
            "location": "Electrical, gravimetric and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Typical capacity",
          "originalValue": "4.2",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Datasheet test condition governs the value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/wp-content/uploads/INR21700P42A-V4-80092.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical characteristics, dimensions, mass and discharge limit",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V4-80092"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Typical energy",
          "originalValue": "15.5",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer value, not usable pack energy.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p42a/",
            "location": "Electrical, gravimetric and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "45",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Cell-level limit under datasheet conditions; pack thermal design and protection remain required.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/wp-content/uploads/INR21700P42A-V4-80092.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical characteristics, dimensions, mass and discharge limit",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V4-80092"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Maximum mass",
          "originalValue": "70",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/wp-content/uploads/INR21700P42A-V4-80092.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical characteristics, dimensions, mass and discharge limit",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V4-80092"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-specific_energy",
          "field": "specific_energy",
          "label": "Gravimetric energy density",
          "originalValue": "230",
          "originalUnit": "Wh/kg",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p42a/",
            "location": "Electrical, gravimetric and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Listed documentation",
          "originalValue": "UL, UN, IEC and SDS documents listed",
          "condition": "Confirm exact certificate and revision for transport or compliance work.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p42a/",
            "location": "Electrical, gravimetric and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-supply_chain",
          "field": "supply_chain",
          "label": "Supply-chain warning",
          "originalValue": "Unauthorized European retail units identified as counterfeit by Molicel",
          "condition": "Manufacturer statement dated 2025-11-17; buy through authorized channels and verify traceability.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel Counterfeit Certification and Product Statement",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/newsroom/molicel-counterfeit-certification-and-product-statement/",
            "location": "Unauthorized-channel warning for European retail markets",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "published": "2025-11-17"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Pack communication",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "A bare cylindrical cell has no pack-level communication or protection interface.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/wp-content/uploads/INR21700P42A-V4-80092.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical characteristics, dimensions, mass and discharge limit",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V4-80092"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-independent_characterization_dataset",
          "field": "independent_characterization_dataset",
          "label": "Independent cell-characterization dataset",
          "originalValue": "45 cells screened; 12 cells characterized at 5°C, 25°C and 40°C",
          "condition": "Phase 1 measured capacity and pulse resistance at 25°C. Phase 2 applied constant-discharge, high-C-rate pulse/GITT and impedance tests to 12 selected cells at all three temperatures.",
          "note": "This verifies the disclosed dataset and test scope; it does not certify the manufacturer’s 45 A limit, pack-level behavior or all production cells.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "High-power lithium-ion battery characterization dataset for stochastic battery modeling",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05725-y",
            "location": "Methods and Figures 1–2: P42A screening and three-temperature characterization protocol",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This cell is not a complete robot battery pack.",
        "The 45 A figure requires pack-level electrical, thermal and safety engineering.",
        "Supply-channel traceability is material because the manufacturer has published a counterfeit warning."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24",
      "slug": "ultralife-ubbl24",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ultralife",
      "officialModel": "UBBL24",
      "name": "Ultralife UBBL24",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "Rechargeable lithium-ion pack offered with multiple terminal configurations and no published data interface",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/product/ubbl24/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
      "summary": "A 41 Wh pack with a C/5 capacity basis, published cycle threshold and multiple terminal variants.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Average voltage",
          "originalValue": "7.2",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Manufacturer average-voltage value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Rated capacity",
          "originalValue": "5.7",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "C/5 discharge at 23 ±2°C.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "41",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "3",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Manufacturer pack limit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "191",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-cycle_life",
          "field": "cycle_life",
          "label": "Cycle life",
          "originalValue": ">300 cycles to 80% initial capacity",
          "condition": "C/5 cycling under the datasheet condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-temperature",
          "field": "temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Pack operating range; charging may require narrower controls.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-connector",
          "field": "connector",
          "label": "Terminal options",
          "originalValue": "Multiple terminal variants",
          "condition": "Exact suffix and mechanical terminal must be fixed in the BOM.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Pack communication",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected datasheet does not publish an SMBus, CAN or other pack data interface.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Capacity and cycle claims are tied to C/5 conditions.",
        "Terminal variant must be frozen in the BOM.",
        "No pack communication is published in the selected datasheet."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3",
      "slug": "kvaser-leaf-v3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "Kvaser Leaf v3",
      "name": "Kvaser Leaf v3",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Single-channel USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "USB 2.0 host adapter with one isolated classical CAN/CAN FD channel and onboard timestamping",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
      "summary": "A current single-channel CAN FD adapter identified by Kvaser as the successor generation to Leaf Light HS v2.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "Single-channel interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "20–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "CAN FD mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 2.0",
          "condition": "Host scheduling and driver behavior still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "50",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Onboard timestamp specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-message_rate",
          "field": "message_rate",
          "label": "Maximum message rate",
          "originalValue": "20,000",
          "originalUnit": "messages/s",
          "condition": "Manufacturer interface specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "Yes",
          "condition": "CAN bus side.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver support",
          "originalValue": "Windows and Linux",
          "condition": "Exact kernel, distribution and driver release require current verification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Generation relationship",
          "originalValue": "Successor to Kvaser Leaf Light HS v2",
          "condition": "Manufacturer introduction statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Introducing the Kvaser Leaf v3",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/introducing-the-kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Generation change and Leaf Light HS v2 successor statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "A USB adapter does not make host scheduling deterministic.",
        "CAN FD support does not imply CANopen FD or a device-specific application protocol.",
        "Operating-system support must be checked against the current driver package."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs",
      "slug": "kvaser-ethercan-hs",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "Kvaser Ethercan HS",
      "name": "Kvaser Ethercan HS",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Single-channel Ethernet-to-CAN interface",
      "architecture": "100BASE-TX Ethernet gateway with one isolated classical CAN channel, REST/t scripting and local timestamping",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
      "summary": "A network-attached classical-CAN interface that broadens the comparison beyond USB while preserving its lack of CAN FD.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "Single high-speed CAN channel.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "40–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD support",
          "originalValue": "No",
          "condition": "Selected Ethercan HS record is classical CAN.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "100BASE-TX Ethernet",
          "condition": "Network transport rather than USB.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "25",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Onboard timestamp specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "Yes",
          "condition": "CAN bus side.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power input",
          "originalValue": "PoE or 9–35 VDC",
          "condition": "Power-source alternatives.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Remote programming interfaces",
          "originalValue": "REST API and t programs",
          "condition": "Feature support; application design determines latency and recovery.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This product does not support CAN FD.",
        "Ethernet transport changes the latency, security and recovery boundary.",
        "REST/t-script support does not establish deterministic end-to-end control timing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs",
      "slug": "kvaser-pciecan-hs",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS",
      "name": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Single-channel PCI Express classical-CAN interface",
      "architecture": "PCI Express adapter with one isolated high-speed classical CAN channel",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
      "summary": "An internal PCIe classical-CAN interface whose selected product page omits numeric timestamp resolution.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "Single high-speed CAN channel.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "20–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD support",
          "originalValue": "No",
          "condition": "Selected PCIEcan HS record is classical CAN.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "PCI Express",
          "condition": "Internal expansion-card interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Numeric timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected official product page does not publish a numeric timestamp resolution.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "Yes",
          "condition": "CAN bus side.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-message_rate",
          "field": "message_rate",
          "label": "Message throughput",
          "originalValue": "14,000 receive / 18,000 send",
          "originalUnit": "messages/s",
          "condition": "Manufacturer interface specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver support",
          "originalValue": "Windows and Linux",
          "condition": "Exact current driver compatibility requires verification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This product does not support CAN FD.",
        "Numeric timestamp resolution is not published in the selected page.",
        "PCIe form factor and host-slot compatibility must be checked against the robot computer."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
      "slug": "ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hms",
      "officialModel": "Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact",
      "name": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact",
      "aliases": [
        "USB-to-CAN V2 compact"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Single-channel USB classical-CAN interface",
      "architecture": "USB 2.0 adapter with one isolated high-speed classical CAN channel and onboard timestamping",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0281-12002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747905327/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0281.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-V2-compact.pdf",
      "summary": "A compact classical-CAN adapter with quantified isolation but only qualitative timestamp language in the selected documents.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "Single high-speed CAN channel.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0281-12002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
            "location": "Protocol, host, isolation and driver specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "High-speed CAN according to ISO 11898-2.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact Datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747905327/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0281.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-V2-compact.pdf",
            "location": "D-Sub variant interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD support",
          "originalValue": "No",
          "condition": "Selected V2 compact record is classical CAN.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0281-12002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
            "location": "Protocol, host, isolation and driver specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 2.0 Hi-Speed, 480 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Host scheduling and driver behavior still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact Datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747905327/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0281.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-V2-compact.pdf",
            "location": "D-Sub variant interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Numeric timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected official specifications describe high-precision timestamping but do not publish a numeric resolution.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0281-12002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
            "location": "Protocol, host, isolation and driver specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Isolation withstand",
          "originalValue": "1 kV DC for 1 s / 500 V AC for 1 min",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact Datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747905327/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0281.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-V2-compact.pdf",
            "location": "D-Sub variant interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver interfaces",
          "originalValue": "Windows VCI; Linux ECI / SocketCAN",
          "condition": "Exact current distribution and kernel support must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0281-12002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
            "location": "Protocol, host, isolation and driver specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact Datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747905327/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0281.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-V2-compact.pdf",
            "location": "D-Sub variant interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This V2 compact record does not support CAN FD.",
        "Timestamp precision is not numerically specified.",
        "The product page and cited D-Sub datasheet use different connector/order-number variants; the exact connector must be frozen in the BOM."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
    {
      "slug": "integrated-joint-actuators",
      "title": "Integrated joint actuator evidence table",
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 01",
      "summary": "A condition-preserving comparison of eighteen networked actuator configurations.",
      "scope": "Public manufacturer specifications for HEBI, ROBOTIS, CubeMars and MYACTUATOR modules spanning series-elastic, harmonic, planetary and high-ratio servo architectures.",
      "caution": "Peak, stall and rated torque are different claims. Missing continuous torque is shown as unknown instead of inferred.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus",
        "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3",
        "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4",
        "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus",
        "cmp-hebi-h25-90",
        "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r",
        "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3",
        "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus",
        "cmp-hebi-t25-20",
        "cmp-hebi-h25-45",
        "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r",
        "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64",
        "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous / rated torque",
          "guidance": "The manufacturer’s exact label and missing thermal conditions remain visible."
        },
        {
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak or stall torque",
          "guidance": "Not a continuous operating point; read the condition."
        },
        {
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Speed claim",
          "guidance": "Maximum, no-load and rated speed are not equivalent."
        },
        {
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "guidance": "Accessory, cable and mounting mass may be excluded."
        },
        {
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "guidance": "Unknown when absent from the cited summary source."
        },
        {
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "guidance": "Protocol and physical medium both affect integration."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-depth-cameras",
      "title": "Robot stereo and depth camera evidence table",
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 02",
      "summary": "Range, resolution, transport and timing claims without collapsing unlike camera architectures.",
      "scope": "USB active/passive stereo cameras, rugged GMSL/GMSL2 cameras, PoE GigE stereo systems and industrial GigE time-of-flight cameras.",
      "caution": "Maximum range, ideal range, optimal range and accuracy-tested range are not interchangeable.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-realsense-d455",
        "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335",
        "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x",
        "cmp-basler-blaze-101",
        "cmp-realsense-d435i",
        "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2",
        "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i",
        "cmp-realsense-d457",
        "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl",
        "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22",
        "cmp-basler-blaze-102"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Published range",
          "guidance": "Range wording and conditions are preserved."
        },
        {
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Resolution / frame rate",
          "guidance": "Mode combinations matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view / lens",
          "guidance": "Lens option and axis definitions matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "guidance": "GMSL2 and USB require different host hardware."
        },
        {
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Accuracy / precision",
          "guidance": "Only comparable with the same distance, target and metric."
        },
        {
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Timing / sync",
          "guidance": "Feature support is not proof of achieved multi-sensor timing."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-3d-lidar",
      "title": "Robot 3D LiDAR evidence table",
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 03",
      "summary": "Panoramic LiDAR specifications with reflectivity, return mode and configuration attached.",
      "scope": "Compact and long-range Livox, configurable Ouster and 32-channel Hesai sensors used in robotic perception stacks.",
      "caution": "A single “range” number is misleading unless reflectivity, ambient light, channel and detection criterion match.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-livox-mid-360",
        "cmp-ouster-os1",
        "cmp-hesai-xt32",
        "cmp-livox-avia",
        "cmp-ouster-os0",
        "cmp-livox-mid-70",
        "cmp-ouster-os2",
        "cmp-hesai-qt128",
        "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range claim",
          "guidance": "Reflectivity and instrument-range distinctions remain visible."
        },
        {
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "guidance": "Return mode and family configuration matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "guidance": "Horizontal and vertical axes are not collapsed."
        },
        {
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Channels",
          "guidance": "Not every scanning architecture uses channels the same way."
        },
        {
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power",
          "guidance": "Unknown is shown when the selected citation does not support the field."
        },
        {
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "guidance": "Protocol support is only one layer of timing performance."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-main-compute",
      "title": "Robot main-compute platform evidence table",
      "category": "compute-control",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 04",
      "summary": "Compute modules and complete industrial systems compared beyond an unsupported single TOPS ranking.",
      "scope": "Production SoMs, a robotics development platform and rugged Jetson systems; module capability and system-exposed I/O remain distinct.",
      "caution": "TOPS values are precision-, sparsity- and workload-specific. Absence of a TOPS number is not zero AI capability.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb",
        "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5",
        "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5",
        "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao",
        "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai",
        "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012",
        "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb",
        "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb",
        "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4",
        "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb",
        "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai",
        "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb",
        "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3",
        "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox",
        "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai",
        "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012",
        "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "guidance": "Core architecture and clocks do not replace workload benchmarks."
        },
        {
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI acceleration claim",
          "guidance": "Preserves TOPS conditions or the vendor’s architectural description."
        },
        {
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "guidance": "Capacity, bandwidth and ordered variant all matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera I/O",
          "guidance": "Module capability differs from carrier-exposed ports."
        },
        {
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power envelope",
          "guidance": "Module modes exclude some carrier and peripheral loads."
        },
        {
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Software baseline",
          "guidance": "Support windows and exact release compatibility require ongoing tracking."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-battery-packs",
      "title": "Robot battery and cell evidence table",
      "category": "power-energy",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 05",
      "summary": "Pack-level and cell-level records shown together specifically to expose their integration boundary and revision drift.",
      "scope": "Eight removable packs and three high-power cylindrical cells used as pack-design inputs, including one legacy pack and explicit connector/BOM fields.",
      "caution": "A cell is not a battery pack. Nominal watt-hours do not establish usable robot runtime, peak power or pack safety.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-rrc2054-2",
        "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29",
        "cmp-molicel-p45b",
        "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01",
        "cmp-rrc2040-2",
        "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34",
        "cmp-molicel-p50b",
        "cmp-rrc2057",
        "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22",
        "cmp-molicel-p42a",
        "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "guidance": "Operating and cut-off ranges still need verification."
        },
        {
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Capacity",
          "guidance": "Test rate, temperature and end voltage affect the claim."
        },
        {
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Energy",
          "guidance": "Derived values are labeled and are not usable-energy measurements."
        },
        {
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Discharge current",
          "guidance": "Thermal cut-offs and pack protection matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Pack communication",
          "guidance": "Cells have no pack-level communication."
        },
        {
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Safety / transport evidence",
          "guidance": "Document availability must match the exact shipped configuration."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-can-interfaces",
      "title": "Robot host-to-CAN interface evidence table",
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 06",
      "summary": "Host-to-CAN adapters compared at the protocol, timestamp, isolation, environmental and driver layers.",
      "scope": "USB, Ethernet and PCIe host interfaces with single- or dual-channel classical CAN and CAN FD used for robot commissioning, control and diagnostics.",
      "caution": "CAN, CAN FD, CANopen and device-specific application protocols are different layers. A USB adapter does not make host timing deterministic.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2",
        "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
        "cmp-kvaser-u100p",
        "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
        "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3",
        "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs",
        "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs",
        "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "guidance": "Channel count does not establish isolation or synchronized timing."
        },
        {
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "guidance": "Official-document conflicts remain visible."
        },
        {
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD support",
          "guidance": "Unknown means the selected record does not support a positive claim."
        },
        {
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "guidance": "USB, Ethernet and PCIe create different scheduling, security and driver boundaries."
        },
        {
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp capability",
          "guidance": "Numeric resolution and qualitative claims are not equivalent."
        },
        {
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "guidance": "Presence and withstand rating are distinct facts."
        },
        {
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver / API baseline",
          "guidance": "Current OS and driver releases require continuing verification."
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}