{
  "title": "RCI Robot Component Evidence Catalog",
  "version": "0.4.15",
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "released": "2026-08-19",
  "canonical": "https://robotcomponentindex.com/data/",
  "methodology": "https://robotcomponentindex.com/methodology/",
  "rightsNotice": "RCI provides original organization, normalization notes and editorial analysis. Manufacturer names, product names and linked source materials retain their respective rights. Values are factual transcriptions or explicitly marked RCI derivations; verify against the linked source before design or procurement.",
  "evidenceCodes": {
    "M": "Manufacturer claimed",
    "V": "Independently verified",
    "D": "RCI derived",
    "C": "Conflicting",
    "U": "Unknown"
  },
  "manufacturerCount": 55,
  "componentCount": 120,
  "claimCount": 1205,
  "comparisonCount": 6,
  "manufacturers": [
    {
      "id": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "slug": "hebi-robotics",
      "name": "HEBI Robotics",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Modular robotic actuators, arms and software APIs for research and field systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-robotis",
      "slug": "robotis",
      "name": "ROBOTIS",
      "headquarters": "South Korea",
      "website": "https://www.robotis.us/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Developer of DYNAMIXEL networked actuators and robot development platforms.",
      "publicEngagement": {
        "status": "Direct technical fact-check contact established",
        "established": "2026-08-12",
        "summary": "RCI completed a bounded XH540-W270-R documentation fact-check exchange with the ROBOTIS Technical Team and maintains a direct correction route.",
        "boundary": "This is an initial editorial fact-check engagement, not an endorsement, formal partnership, sponsored relationship or independent product validation. Public technical references remain limited to ROBOTIS official public sources."
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-cubemars",
      "slug": "cubemars",
      "name": "CubeMars",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.cubemars.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Integrated planetary actuators, frameless motors and propulsion products for mobile robotics."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-realsense",
      "slug": "realsense",
      "name": "RealSense",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.realsenseai.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Stereo depth cameras, modules and computer-vision software for robotics and spatial applications."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-orbbec",
      "slug": "orbbec",
      "name": "Orbbec",
      "headquarters": "China / United States",
      "website": "https://www.orbbec.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "3D vision cameras and depth-sensing platforms for robotics and industrial systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "slug": "stereolabs",
      "name": "Stereolabs",
      "headquarters": "United States / France",
      "website": "https://www.stereolabs.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Stereo cameras and spatial AI software for robots, automation and digital twins."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-livox",
      "slug": "livox",
      "name": "Livox",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.livoxtech.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Compact 3D LiDAR sensors and software for mobile robots, mapping and autonomy."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-ouster",
      "slug": "ouster",
      "name": "Ouster",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://ouster.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Digital spinning and solid-state LiDAR hardware, software and perception products."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-hesai",
      "slug": "hesai",
      "name": "Hesai Technology",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.hesaitech.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Automotive and robotic LiDAR sensors spanning short-, mid- and long-range applications."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-nvidia",
      "slug": "nvidia",
      "name": "NVIDIA",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded-computing",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Jetson embedded AI modules and the associated JetPack, CUDA and robotics software stack."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi",
      "headquarters": "United Kingdom",
      "website": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Single-board computers and compute modules used in embedded and industrial systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-qualcomm",
      "slug": "qualcomm",
      "name": "Qualcomm",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.qualcomm.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Mobile and edge-compute platforms including robotics processors, connectivity and AI acceleration."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-rrc",
      "slug": "rrc-power-solutions",
      "name": "RRC power solutions",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Standard and custom smart batteries, chargers and power-management products."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "slug": "inspired-energy",
      "name": "Inspired Energy",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://inspired-energy.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Rechargeable smart battery packs, chargers and portable-power accessories for OEM systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-molicel",
      "slug": "molicel",
      "name": "Molicel",
      "legalName": "E-One Moli Energy",
      "headquarters": "Taiwan / Canada",
      "website": "https://www.molicel.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "High-power cylindrical lithium-ion cells for mobility, aviation and other demanding applications."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-myactuator",
      "slug": "myactuator",
      "name": "MYACTUATOR",
      "legalName": "Suzhou Micro Actuator Technology Co., Ltd.",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.myactuator.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Integrated planetary, harmonic and direct-drive actuators with CAN, RS-485 and EtherCAT variants."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-basler",
      "slug": "basler",
      "name": "Basler",
      "legalName": "Basler AG",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.baslerweb.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial machine-vision cameras, 3D time-of-flight cameras and the pylon software ecosystem."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-sick",
      "slug": "sick",
      "name": "SICK",
      "legalName": "SICK AG",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.sick.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial sensing and safety products including 2D and multi-layer LiDAR for mobile robots."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-advantech",
      "slug": "advantech",
      "name": "Advantech",
      "legalName": "Advantech Co., Ltd.",
      "headquarters": "Taiwan",
      "website": "https://www.advantech.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial computers and rugged edge-AI systems with robotics-oriented networking and I/O."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-aaeon",
      "slug": "aaeon",
      "name": "AAEON",
      "legalName": "AAEON Technology Inc.",
      "headquarters": "Taiwan",
      "website": "https://www.aaeon.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial embedded computers and fanless edge-AI systems spanning NVIDIA and x86 platforms."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-seeed",
      "slug": "seeed-studio",
      "name": "Seeed Studio",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.seeedstudio.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Embedded development and production hardware including Jetson-based industrial and robotics computers."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-toradex",
      "slug": "toradex",
      "name": "Toradex",
      "legalName": "Toradex AG",
      "headquarters": "Switzerland",
      "website": "https://www.toradex.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial system-on-modules, carrier-board ecosystems and maintained embedded Linux platforms."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-ultralife",
      "slug": "ultralife",
      "name": "Ultralife",
      "legalName": "Ultralife Corporation",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.ultralifecorporation.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Rugged primary and rechargeable batteries, smart packs, chargers and power systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-kvaser",
      "slug": "kvaser",
      "name": "Kvaser",
      "legalName": "Kvaser AB",
      "headquarters": "Sweden",
      "website": "https://kvaser.com/",
      "categories": [
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "CAN and CAN FD interfaces, embedded boards, data loggers, drivers and development APIs."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-hms",
      "slug": "hms-networks-ixxat",
      "name": "HMS Networks / Ixxat",
      "legalName": "HMS Networks AB",
      "headquarters": "Sweden / Germany",
      "website": "https://www.hms-networks.com/ixxat",
      "categories": [
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial communication interfaces and embedded networking products sold under the Ixxat brand."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-stmicroelectronics",
      "slug": "stmicroelectronics",
      "name": "STMicroelectronics",
      "headquarters": "Switzerland / Netherlands",
      "website": "https://www.st.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Semiconductor manufacturer whose automotive and industrial portfolio includes battery-monitoring, power-management and sensing devices."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-pjrc",
      "slug": "pjrc",
      "name": "PJRC",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.pjrc.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Developer of Teensy microcontroller boards and the Teensyduino software ecosystem used in embedded control and robotics."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-ams-osram",
      "slug": "ams-osram",
      "name": "ams OSRAM",
      "headquarters": "Austria / Germany",
      "website": "https://ams-osram.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Optical and sensing semiconductor company whose position-sensor portfolio includes magnetic rotary encoders."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-tdk-invensense",
      "slug": "tdk-invensense",
      "name": "TDK InvenSense",
      "headquarters": "United States / Japan",
      "website": "https://invensense.tdk.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "MEMS motion-sensing business producing inertial sensors and associated motion-processing technology."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-slamtec",
      "slug": "slamtec",
      "name": "SLAMTEC",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.slamtec.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Developer of RPLIDAR sensors, SLAM modules and mobile-robot localization products."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-unitree",
      "slug": "unitree",
      "name": "Unitree Robotics",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.unitree.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "description": "Legged-robot manufacturer that also sells its integrated joint motors, including the GO series, as standalone actuator components."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-mjbots",
      "slug": "mjbots",
      "name": "mjbots",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://mjbots.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "description": "Open-hardware developer of quasi-direct-drive servo actuators and the moteus brushless controller family for legged and dynamic robots."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-feetech",
      "slug": "feetech",
      "name": "FEETECH",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.feetechrc.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "description": "Shenzhen servo manufacturer whose ST/SC bus-servo families are widely specified in open-source robot arm and mobile-platform BOMs."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-damiao",
      "slug": "damiao",
      "name": "Damiao",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://github.com/dmBots",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "description": "Actuator maker publishing its DM joint-motor documentation, manuals and firmware through its official dmBots repositories."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-odrive-robotics",
      "slug": "odrive-robotics",
      "name": "ODrive Robotics",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://odriverobotics.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "description": "Developer of high-power brushless servo drives and documentation-first motor-control hardware used in research and light-industrial robots."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-leaderdrive",
      "slug": "leaderdrive",
      "name": "Leaderdrive",
      "legalName": "Leader Harmonious Drive Systems Co., Ltd.",
      "headquarters": "Suzhou, Jiangsu, China",
      "website": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "productFocus": "Strain-wave (harmonic) reducers, rotary actuators and frameless torque motors",
      "description": "Chinese strain-wave gearing manufacturer producing cup, hat and unit-type harmonic reducers and mechatronic actuators for robot joints."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-laifual",
      "slug": "laifual",
      "name": "Laifual Drive",
      "legalName": "Zhejiang Laifual Drive Co., Ltd.",
      "headquarters": "Shengzhou, Zhejiang, China",
      "website": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "productFocus": "Harmonic (strain-wave) reducers and planetary reducers for robot joints",
      "description": "Chinese harmonic-reducer manufacturer offering cup, hollow-shaft and double-circular-spline strain-wave series plus joint modules."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-maxon",
      "slug": "maxon",
      "name": "maxon",
      "headquarters": "Switzerland",
      "website": "https://www.maxongroup.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Precision drive systems and integrated joint modules used in mobile, medical and industrial robotics.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Integrated robotic joints, frameless motors, gearheads, encoders and motion controllers",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "maxon spans the motor-to-joint chain: motors, gearheads, encoders, controllers and integrated robotic joints can affect mechanical envelope, bus choice, thermal path and serviceability at the same time. That breadth makes exact configuration control more important than a family-name comparison.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Robotics application and joint portfolio",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/en-us/market-solutions/mobility-solutions/robotics",
            "scope": "Official robotics scope, joint families and application-level integration claims."
          },
          {
            "label": "Mechatronic drive systems",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/en-us/drives-and-systems/mechatronic-drive-systems",
            "scope": "Official system-combination route for motors, gearing, feedback and control."
          },
          {
            "label": "Company and manufacturing identity",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/en-us/company/what-we-do",
            "scope": "Official organization, capabilities and product-system boundary."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The official robotics route separates high-efficiency and high-precision joint families rather than presenting one interchangeable joint class.",
          "The portfolio crosses mechanical, sensing and control layers, so a buyer can potentially reduce integration parties but also inherits configuration dependencies.",
          "Official material points to configurable and application-optimized systems, which makes an exact quotation and revision more probative than a portfolio headline."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What is the exact orderable joint, motor, gearbox, encoder and controller configuration, including every option suffix?",
          "Which torque values are continuous, peak or stall references, and under what winding, voltage, ambient, cooling and duty-cycle conditions?",
          "Which feedback, brake, safety and network options are fitted to the quoted unit, and which require external hardware or licenses?",
          "What drawing, firmware, datasheet and qualification revision will be frozen for production deliveries?",
          "What are the minimum order, regional lead time, lifecycle commitment, repair path and approved substitution process?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "The official robotics page establishes portfolio relevance, not that every listed option can be combined or ordered in every region.",
          "Application examples do not establish an endorsement by the robot maker or equivalent performance in another robot.",
          "RCI has not independently measured a maxon joint, verified production availability or validated an end-to-end thermal envelope."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-harmonic-drive",
      "slug": "harmonic-drive",
      "name": "Harmonic Drive",
      "headquarters": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Precision motion components centered on strain-wave gearing and robot-joint reduction.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Strain-wave gearing, precision reducers and rotary actuators",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Harmonic Drive supplies strain-wave component sets, housed gear units, servo gearheads and integrated actuators. Those forms assign very different responsibility for bearings, housing, lubrication, motor matching, feedback, cabling and thermal behavior, so a robot-joint decision must begin with the exact product form and order code rather than a generic “harmonic reducer” label.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Precision motion product surface",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/",
            "scope": "Official route separating rotary actuators, integrated actuators, gear units, component sets, servo gearheads and motors."
          },
          {
            "label": "Gear-unit portfolio",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units",
            "scope": "Official housed, hollow-shaft, miniature and lightweight gear-unit family route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Reducer engineering and selection catalog",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/_hd/content/documents/reducer_catalog.pdf",
            "scope": "Official rating definitions, torque limits, life, engineering data and product-sizing route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "Component sets, gear units and integrated actuators cannot be treated as interchangeable because the robot builder assumes different bearing, sealing, motor and assembly responsibilities.",
          "Zero-backlash portfolio language does not remove lost motion, torsional stiffness, hysteresis, repeatability, wear and test-condition questions at joint level.",
          "The engineering catalog exposes multiple torque and life boundaries, making the named rating definition and load spectrum more important than one headline torque value."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact series, size, ratio, product form, option suffix, accuracy class, input interface and revision are being quoted?",
          "Which rated, acceleration, momentary peak, collision or emergency-stop torque definitions apply, and for what duration, speed and duty cycle?",
          "What lost-motion, torsional-stiffness, repeatability, efficiency and life conditions apply at the intended temperature and load spectrum?",
          "Who owns input/output bearing support, housing tolerances, alignment, fastener preload, lubrication, sealing and thermal dissipation in the selected form?",
          "What grease, mounting orientation, maintenance interval, regional lead time, repair route, PCN/EOL notice and approved substitution process apply?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "Portfolio-level zero-backlash language does not prove zero measured lost motion or hysteresis in an assembled robot joint.",
          "An engineering catalog rating cannot be promoted to allowable robot operation without matching the exact series, ratio, load spectrum, mounting and thermal boundary.",
          "RCI has not inspected, instrumented or life-tested a Harmonic Drive reducer or complete joint."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-nabtesco",
      "slug": "nabtesco",
      "name": "Nabtesco",
      "headquarters": "Japan",
      "website": "https://www.nabtesco.com/en/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Precision reduction equipment and motion products used in industrial robot axes.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Cycloidal precision reduction gears for industrial robot joints",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Nabtesco precision reduction gears sit between the servo motor and the robot link, so reducer selection affects torque density, rigidity, backlash, bearing/load assumptions, lubrication, mounting and lifetime. Component, gearhead, actuator and AGV drive-unit forms must remain separate procurement boundaries.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Precision reduction gear business",
            "url": "https://www.nabtesco.com/en/products/robot/",
            "scope": "Official corporate route for robot-joint reduction products and stated application scope."
          },
          {
            "label": "Precision Equipment product portal",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/",
            "scope": "Official product-family, selection, application and support route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Precision Equipment downloads",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/download/",
            "scope": "Official catalog and technical-document route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The official product structure separates component, gearhead, actuator, positioner and AGV drive-unit forms; their integration responsibility is materially different.",
          "Reducer lifetime and positioning behavior depend on applied torque, external load, duty, speed, mounting and lubrication—not ratio alone.",
          "Motor fitting, sealing and pre-lubrication can reduce assembly work, but they do not remove robot-side bearing, structure or thermal checks."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact RV, RD, GH, actuator or drive-unit model and reduction ratio, option suffix and revision are quoted?",
          "Which rated, acceleration, momentary peak and emergency-stop torque limits apply, with what duration and load spectrum?",
          "What radial, axial and moment-load assumptions, input-bearing arrangement, lost motion/backlash class and torsional rigidity apply?",
          "Which lubricant, fill quantity, mounting orientation, seal, maintenance interval and ambient-temperature limits are required?",
          "What motor adapter, drawing revision, regional availability, lead time, repair route and PCN/EOL process attach to the order code?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "Corporate market-share and application statements do not establish performance or supply for an exact reducer order code.",
          "A product-selection tool output is not a complete robot-joint safety or fatigue validation.",
          "RCI has not measured lost motion, efficiency, temperature, life or overload behavior on a Nabtesco reducer."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-kollmorgen",
      "slug": "kollmorgen",
      "name": "Kollmorgen",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Motion-control hardware spanning robot-ready frameless motors, servo drives and vehicle control.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Frameless torque motors, servo motors, drives and AGV control",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Kollmorgen spans frameless torque motors, housed servomotors, direct-drive products, servo drives and robot or AGV control. A frameless motor is only the electromagnetic core: bearings, shaft, housing, rotor retention, feedback, brake, cooling and drive tuning remain system responsibilities that materially determine the finished robot joint.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Robotics technology portfolio",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/en-us/solutions/robotics/robotics-technologies",
            "scope": "Official robotics route covering motor, drive, automation and selection-tool responsibilities."
          },
          {
            "label": "Frameless motor portfolio",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/en-us/products/motors/frameless-motors",
            "scope": "Official TBM2G, KBM, TBM and RBE family distinctions and integration boundary."
          },
          {
            "label": "Motion product and sizing surface",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/en-us/products",
            "scope": "Official motors, drives, controllers, selectors, drawings and performance-tool route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The official frameless description explicitly excludes housing, bearings, shaft, connectors, feedback and brake, preventing the motor kit from being misrepresented as a finished actuator.",
          "Winding, stack length, voltage and thermal-sensor options alter the usable torque-speed envelope and must be frozen with the exact motor configuration.",
          "A matching motor-and-drive ecosystem may simplify commissioning, but bus, safety, feedback and license options remain separate configuration decisions."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact family, frame, stack length, winding, voltage, lead, Hall/thermal-sensor option, rotor treatment and revision are quoted?",
          "Which continuous and peak torque-speed curves apply at what winding temperature, ambient, cooling path, bus voltage and drive current limit?",
          "What air gap, concentricity, rotor retention, bearing, housing, shaft, insulation and environmental responsibilities remain with the joint designer?",
          "Which feedback device, brake, servo drive, fieldbus, safety function, firmware and tuning files are qualified with the motor?",
          "What drawing/model revision, agency status, global availability, lead time, PCN/EOL notice and approved replacement process apply?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "A frameless motor performance curve does not establish the finished actuator thermal, mechanical, safety or positioning envelope.",
          "Robot application examples do not prove equivalence, endorsement or compatibility with another robot architecture.",
          "RCI has not built a Kollmorgen-based joint, measured torque ripple or validated motor-drive tuning."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-tq-robodrive",
      "slug": "tq-robodrive",
      "name": "TQ-RoboDrive",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.tq-group.com/en/products/tq-robodrive/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "High-torque-density servo kits and drive systems for humanoid, medical and service robots.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Frameless servo motor kits and custom robotic actuators"
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-elmo-motion-control",
      "slug": "elmo-motion-control",
      "name": "Elmo Motion Control",
      "headquarters": "Israel",
      "website": "https://www.elmomc.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "High-density servo control hardware and software for multiaxis robotic motion.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Compact servo drives, motion controllers and functional-safety products"
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-teledyne-flir",
      "slug": "teledyne-flir",
      "name": "Teledyne FLIR",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.flir.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Imaging sensors and cameras used for machine vision, inspection and autonomous systems.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Thermal, visible-light and machine-vision cameras",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Teledyne FLIR spans thermal imaging and visible industrial machine vision. Robot use depends on the exact camera model, sensor, lens, interface, firmware, GenICam feature set, SDK version, host controller, lighting and calibration—not on the FLIR name or megapixel count alone.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Industrial imaging application route",
            "url": "https://www.flir.com/en-ca/industries/industrial/",
            "scope": "Official industrial route distinguishing machine vision, inspection and thermal imaging use."
          },
          {
            "label": "Blackfly S model documentation",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/Readme.html",
            "scope": "Official model- and firmware-bound specifications, drawings, support, PCN and firmware-document route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Spinnaker SDK reference",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/spinnaker/latest/index.html",
            "scope": "Official USB3 Vision and GigE Vision API, release, maintenance and integration route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "Thermal, area-scan visible, stereo and spherical cameras solve different measurement problems and cannot share one unqualified camera comparison.",
          "The model documentation binds features to a named firmware version, showing why firmware and SDK must be retained with captured data.",
          "GigE Vision and USB3 Vision shift different bandwidth, cable, host-controller, timing and packet-loss responsibilities into the robot compute stack."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact model, monochrome/color variant, sensor, shutter, lens mount, interface, housing, connector and hardware revision are quoted?",
          "Which resolution, frame rate, exposure, gain, dynamic-range or thermal-accuracy values apply under what ROI, pixel format, temperature and calibration conditions?",
          "Where are trigger and timestamps generated, and what PTP, GPIO, synchronization, latency and clock-accuracy limits apply?",
          "Which camera firmware, Spinnaker/GenTL release, driver, operating system, host controller and redistribution license are qualified?",
          "What calibration, PCN, firmware maintenance, lifecycle, regional certification, warranty and replacement route applies to the exact unit?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "A standards-compatible interface does not prove lossless streaming, deterministic triggering or support in a particular ROS or robot compute graph.",
          "A camera-family page does not establish performance for a specific lens, target, illumination, motion, temperature or calibration state.",
          "RCI has not captured a Teledyne FLIR dataset, audited a calibration artifact or benchmarked camera timing and image quality."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-zivid",
      "slug": "zivid",
      "name": "Zivid",
      "headquarters": "Norway",
      "website": "https://www.zivid.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Color 3D vision systems for robot guidance, picking and inspection.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Industrial color 3D cameras and structured-light software",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Zivid supplies industrial color 3D cameras whose usefulness depends on the complete perception chain: optical scene, working distance, calibration, acquisition settings, host interface, SDK version and downstream point-cloud processing. A camera-family label alone is insufficient for a robot-cell decision.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Industrial 3D camera portfolio",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/",
            "scope": "Official camera-family and industrial robot-application route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Zivid Knowledge Base",
            "url": "https://support.zivid.com/",
            "scope": "Official SDK, capture, calibration and integration documentation."
          },
          {
            "label": "Software downloads",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/downloads",
            "scope": "Official software and release-distribution route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The product is a calibrated color 3D imaging system, so RGB quality, depth quality and calibration state must be evaluated together.",
          "The official knowledge base exposes integration procedures and software dependencies that can be pinned for reproducibility.",
          "Application fit is strongly scene-dependent; bin picking, inspection and reflective-object work should not share an unqualified accuracy conclusion."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "Which exact camera model, lens or working-distance configuration and accessory set is being quoted?",
          "Which accuracy, precision and acquisition-time figures apply to the target distance, material, reflectivity and ambient light?",
          "What SDK, firmware, driver, operating-system and compute/GPU matrix is supported for the intended deployment period?",
          "What calibration artifacts, warm-up procedure, recalibration interval and multi-camera synchronization method are required?",
          "What environmental rating, mounting tolerance, cable specification, warranty and regional service path apply?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "Portfolio pages do not prove performance on transparent, dark, reflective or moving targets in a buyer-specific cell.",
          "A supported SDK example is not proof that a particular robot controller, middleware graph or timing budget has been validated.",
          "RCI has not captured a Zivid dataset, audited a calibration certificate or run an independent repeatability benchmark."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-amd",
      "slug": "amd",
      "name": "AMD",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.amd.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Embedded processors, adaptive SoCs and accelerator software used from motor control to robot reasoning.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Embedded x86, adaptive-compute and robotics acceleration platforms",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "AMD covers x86 embedded processors, adaptive SoCs, FPGAs, SOMs and AI software. For robotics, the critical unit of comparison is therefore not the logo or peak compute number but the exact silicon, board/carrier, memory, power mode, toolchain and maintained software stack.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "x86 embedded processor portfolio",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/embedded.html",
            "scope": "Official embedded product families, application scope and lifecycle positioning."
          },
          {
            "label": "Adaptive SoCs and FPGA portfolio",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/adaptive-socs-and-fpgas.html",
            "scope": "Official adaptive-compute product-family route."
          },
          {
            "label": "AMD technical documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.amd.com/",
            "scope": "Official revisioned technical-document portal."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The portfolio spans heterogeneous CPU, GPU, NPU and programmable-logic paths; quoted TOPS are not directly interchangeable across precision, sparsity or toolchains.",
          "Embedded lifecycle positioning is relevant to robot programs, but the commitment must be bound to an exact family and orderable device.",
          "A usable robot compute platform also depends on board vendor, carrier I/O, BSP, thermal design and middleware—not silicon alone."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact processor or adaptive-device order code, stepping, package, memory configuration and board implementation is proposed?",
          "What workload, datatype, sparsity, clock, power and thermal conditions support each AI or throughput figure?",
          "Which BIOS/BSP, kernel, driver, Vitis/ROCm or other tool versions are qualified, and what is their maintenance window?",
          "Which real-time, functional-safety, security-update and deterministic-I/O requirements are supported by the complete platform?",
          "What lifecycle notice, last-time-buy, PCN and approved board-level replacement process applies?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "A silicon-family page does not establish the interfaces, thermals or certifications of a third-party robot computer.",
          "Peak AI figures do not establish application latency, deterministic control performance or end-to-end sensor throughput.",
          "RCI has not benchmarked an AMD robot compute stack or verified long-term availability for a specific order code."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-intel",
      "slug": "intel",
      "name": "Intel",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.intel.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Compute silicon and edge platforms used in robot control, inference and sensor processing.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Embedded processors, edge AI accelerators and industrial compute",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Intel provides edge processors, CPUs, integrated accelerators and robotics-oriented software. For a robot, the meaningful evidence unit is the exact processor and stepping on a named board, with memory, BIOS, power limits, cooling, kernel, drivers, OpenVINO or robotics-suite version and workload—not a family logo or platform TOPS total.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Edge and embedded processor portfolio",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/details/embedded-processors.html",
            "scope": "Official edge CPU families, product specifications and lifecycle-oriented route."
          },
          {
            "label": "OpenVINO toolkit",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/openvino-toolkit/overview.html",
            "scope": "Official inference toolkit, release, model-conversion, runtime and hardware deployment route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Robotics AI Suite documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.openedgeplatform.intel.com/dev/ai-suite-robotics.html",
            "scope": "Official modular robotics software, system-requirement and application documentation route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The edge portfolio crosses CPU, integrated GPU, NPU and other accelerators, so peak figures require workload, datatype, precision and software context.",
          "Silicon capabilities do not identify the board carrier, real-time I/O, thermals, camera topology or lifecycle of a third-party robot computer.",
          "Robotics software samples can shorten integration, but examples and supported platforms do not constitute robot-level latency, safety or reliability validation."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact processor order code, stepping, package, board, memory, storage, BIOS and expansion configuration are proposed?",
          "What power-limit, clock, cooling, ambient and sustained-load conditions apply to each CPU, GPU, NPU or inference figure?",
          "Which kernel, graphics/media/NPU driver, OpenVINO, Open Edge Platform and container versions form the supported software bill of materials?",
          "Which deterministic I/O, time synchronization, virtualization, security update, functional-safety and recovery requirements are supported by the complete platform?",
          "What embedded-availability commitment, PCN, errata, last-time-buy, board-vendor lifecycle and validated replacement process applies?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "Processor-family performance does not establish the throughput, latency, power or thermals of a complete robot computer.",
          "A robotics sample or SDK compatibility statement is not proof of production readiness, real-time control or safety compliance.",
          "RCI has not benchmarked an Intel robotics stack or verified availability for a specific silicon-and-board configuration."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-inventus-power",
      "slug": "inventus-power",
      "name": "Inventus Power",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://inventuspower.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Advanced battery and power-system products for medical, industrial and motive applications.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Custom battery packs, chargers, power supplies and battery management",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Inventus Power operates at pack-system level rather than as a generic cell listing. In mobile robots, pack mechanics, BMS limits, communication, charger pairing, transport status and application qualification must be treated as one controlled configuration.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Battery and power product portfolio",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/products/",
            "scope": "Official battery, charger and power-supply portfolio route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Commercial and industrial market route",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/market/commercial/",
            "scope": "Official commercial and industrial application and solution boundary."
          },
          {
            "label": "Company capabilities",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/about/",
            "scope": "Official organization and engineering/manufacturing capability route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "Custom and semi-custom pack work means electrical headline values are not enough to identify a purchasable configuration.",
          "The supplier covers packs and charging, allowing the charge path to be reviewed with the discharge path rather than as an unrelated accessory.",
          "Industrial application positioning is relevant, but robot duty cycle, vibration, enclosure and field-service needs remain project-specific."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact cell, pack, BMS, enclosure, connector, harness and firmware revision defines the quoted battery system?",
          "What continuous and pulse current limits apply at each temperature, state of charge, aging state and pulse duration?",
          "Which charger models, charge profiles, telemetry protocols, wake/sleep behavior and fault responses are validated together?",
          "Which UN 38.3, IEC/UL or regional transport and safety reports attach to the exact pack—not merely to constituent cells?",
          "What cycle-life method, warranty threshold, replacement policy, minimum order, lead time and PCN/EOL process apply?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "Market and portfolio pages do not identify a standard drop-in pack for a particular robot.",
          "Cell-level certifications or performance cannot be silently promoted to a finished custom pack.",
          "RCI has not received, cycled, abuse-tested or independently inspected an Inventus Power battery system."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-peak-system",
      "slug": "peak-system",
      "name": "PEAK-System Technik",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.peak-system.com/",
      "categories": [
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Vehicle-network interfaces and development tools frequently used in robotic integration.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "CAN, CAN FD and LIN interfaces, gateways and analyzers",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "PEAK-System provides CAN/CAN FD interfaces, embedded modules, gateways, analyzers and software. Robot integration depends on the exact physical layer, channel isolation, connector pinout, timestamp path, driver and protocol stack—not simply the presence of CAN.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Official product directory",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/product-overview/",
            "scope": "Official interfaces, embedded modules, gateways and software categories."
          },
          {
            "label": "PCAN external interface family",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/",
            "scope": "Official host-interface family route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Downloads and support",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/support/downloads/",
            "scope": "Official driver, software, documentation and support route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The portfolio spans USB, PCI/PCIe, Ethernet and embedded paths, so host form factor and timestamp architecture are selection variables.",
          "CAN FD capability, galvanic isolation and channel count are model-specific and must not be inferred from the PCAN family name.",
          "Public software and driver routes make a reproducible host setup possible when exact release versions are retained."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact PCAN model and hardware revision, channel count, connector mapping and isolation option are quoted?",
          "Which CAN/CAN FD bit rates, oscillator tolerances, termination arrangement and transceiver limits apply?",
          "Where are timestamps generated, what resolution and clock behavior apply, and how are multi-channel clocks synchronized?",
          "Which driver, API, operating system, architecture and redistribution license versions are supported?",
          "What cable, adapter, regional certification, lifecycle, repair and replacement constraints apply to the complete interface path?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "CAN or CAN FD support does not prove interoperability with a particular robot actuator protocol or higher-layer message definition.",
          "A driver download does not prove real-time latency, timestamp accuracy or behavior under bus saturation.",
          "RCI has not captured a PEAK-System bus trace or independently measured isolation, timing or error-recovery behavior."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-vector",
      "slug": "vector-informatik",
      "name": "Vector Informatik",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.vector.com/",
      "categories": [
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Development and test products for CAN, Ethernet and other embedded networks.",
      "expansionBatch": 1,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Network interfaces, protocol tools and embedded communication software",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Vector Informatik supplies CAN, LIN, FlexRay, automotive Ethernet and other network interfaces, logging hardware and analysis software. In robot development these tools can establish traceability, timing and fault evidence, but only when the exact interface, transceiver, cable, driver, license, timestamp clock and protocol configuration are frozen.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Vector organization and product surface",
            "url": "https://www.vector.com/int/en/",
            "scope": "Official international organization, network-development product and support route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Product portfolio",
            "url": "https://www.vector.com/int/en/products/",
            "scope": "Official hardware, software, embedded and cloud product-category route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Support and downloads",
            "url": "https://www.vector.com/int/en/support-downloads/",
            "scope": "Official drivers, firmware, manuals, knowledge base and support route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "Interface families differ in channel count, bus media, galvanic isolation, timestamping, synchronization and supported protocols; a USB connector does not establish equivalence.",
          "Hardware, driver and licensed analysis software form one evidence chain, and version mismatch can change capture, decode or replay behavior.",
          "Network tools can observe or inject traffic, so use in a safety-relevant robot requires an explicit passive/active mode and fault-injection boundary."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact VN/VX/VT or other hardware model, revision, channel configuration, transceiver, connector, cable and isolation option are quoted?",
          "Where are timestamps generated, what resolution, synchronization source, drift, latency and multi-device clock behavior apply?",
          "Which CAN/CAN FD, LIN, FlexRay, Ethernet or higher-layer protocols and bit-rate/physical-layer limits are supported?",
          "Which driver, firmware, CANoe/CANalyzer or other software version, option license, OS and automation API are required?",
          "What calibration, regional certification, warranty, repair, lifecycle, driver-support and compatible replacement process applies?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "Protocol support does not prove interoperability with a robot-specific message definition, safety profile or timing budget.",
          "A captured trace proves observed traffic at the measurement point, not the physical cause, end-to-end delivery or correctness of every node.",
          "RCI has not captured or replayed robot traffic with a Vector interface or measured its timestamp and fault-injection behavior."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-faulhaber",
      "slug": "faulhaber",
      "name": "FAULHABER",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.faulhaber.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Compact drive systems for medical, laboratory and small-scale robotic mechanisms.",
      "expansionBatch": 2,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Miniature motors, gearheads, encoders and motion controllers"
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-robosense",
      "slug": "robosense",
      "name": "RoboSense",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.robosense.ai/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "LiDAR hardware and perception products for robotics and autonomous vehicles.",
      "expansionBatch": 2,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Mechanical and solid-state LiDAR sensors with perception software",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "RoboSense spans mechanical and digital LiDAR, active cameras and perception products. A robot-system decision must bind the exact sensor, field of view, target conditions, scan pattern, time synchronization, network transport, SDK/firmware and environmental envelope.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Official solution and product surface",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/Solutions",
            "scope": "Official active-camera, LiDAR, robotics and developer product-family route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Official English website",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en",
            "scope": "Official company, product and news responsibility surface."
          },
          {
            "label": "Sales and technical support routes",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/contact",
            "scope": "Official regional, sales, support and exact-product enquiry route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The portfolio includes sensors with different ranging principles, scan patterns and intended application classes; family-level range values are not interchangeable.",
          "Target reflectivity, weather, sunlight, minimum range and angular sampling can dominate robot perception performance.",
          "Physical sensor output must be separated from optional perception software and from the downstream robot localization or obstacle-avoidance result."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact model, hardware revision, wavelength, scan pattern, field of view and connector/cable set are quoted?",
          "Under what reflectivity, ambient light, weather, frame-rate and detection-probability conditions are range and accuracy figures stated?",
          "Which PTP/PPS/GNSS or other synchronization modes, timestamp location and clock-accuracy limits apply?",
          "Which firmware, SDK, driver, packet format, operating-system and ROS integration versions are maintained?",
          "What ingress, shock, vibration, eye-safety, regional certification, lifecycle, calibration and service evidence attaches to the exact unit?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "A maximum-range statement does not prove detection or localization performance for a robot-specific target and environment.",
          "An eye-safety statement or certificate for one model cannot be generalized to the entire portfolio.",
          "RCI has not captured RoboSense packets, benchmarked a sensor or validated a complete perception stack."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-vicor",
      "slug": "vicor",
      "name": "Vicor",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.vicorpower.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Power-conversion modules for compact high-performance electronic systems.",
      "expansionBatch": 3,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "High-density DC-DC modules and power-delivery components",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Vicor power modules can form multi-stage robot power-delivery networks from a battery or tether to 48 V buses and point-of-load rails. Selection therefore requires a complete architecture with isolation, regulation, protection, thermal path, transient loads and layout—not one peak-efficiency number.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Robotics power-delivery solutions",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/industries-and-innovations/robotics",
            "scope": "Official robot power architecture, application and product-family route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Power System Designer and product surface",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/",
            "scope": "Official product search, tools and modular power-system route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Robotics design resource",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/resource-library/ebooks/robotics",
            "scope": "Official engineering resource for robot power-delivery networks."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The official robotics surface separates high-voltage-to-48 V, non-SELV-to-48 V and point-of-load stages; the modules are not universal drop-in converters.",
          "Isolation, regulation, conversion ratio and bidirectionality differ by family and must be mapped to the robot hazard and grounding model.",
          "High density makes PCB, filtering and thermal implementation central to realized performance rather than secondary packaging details."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact module order code, grade, package, revision and evaluation hardware are proposed for each power stage?",
          "What input range, output range, continuous/peak load, transient, efficiency and derating conditions apply?",
          "Which stages are isolated, regulated or fixed-ratio, and what grounding, inrush, pre-charge and fault-protection architecture is required?",
          "What PCB layout, magnetics, filtering, heatsinking, airflow and temperature-monitoring conditions support the published figures?",
          "What qualification, regional availability, lifecycle, PCN/EOL and approved replacement process applies to every module?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "Application diagrams are architecture examples, not complete electrical-safety or robot power-network validations.",
          "Peak efficiency and power-density values do not establish system efficiency after wiring, filters, thermal limits and transient margins.",
          "RCI has not built or instrumented a Vicor power-delivery network or verified a module qualification report."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-moxa",
      "slug": "moxa",
      "name": "Moxa",
      "headquarters": "Taiwan",
      "website": "https://www.moxa.com/",
      "categories": [
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "Rugged networking and protocol-conversion hardware for mobile and industrial systems.",
      "expansionBatch": 3,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Industrial Ethernet switches, serial gateways and edge connectivity",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Moxa supplies industrial Ethernet, serial, wireless and protocol-conversion products used between robot subsystems and plant networks. An integration decision must preserve exact port media, protocol role, management features, timing, power, redundancy, security firmware and environmental grade.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Industrial networking products",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products",
            "scope": "Official switches, gateways, device-connectivity and edge-connectivity product route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Product support and lifecycle",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/support",
            "scope": "Official software, documentation, security advisory, lifecycle, repair and warranty route."
          },
          {
            "label": "Organization and capability boundary",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/about-us",
            "scope": "Official company and industrial-connectivity identity route."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The portfolio spans unmanaged and managed devices, copper and fiber, serial conversion and edge gateways; port count alone is not a useful equivalence test.",
          "Robot use may require low-latency local traffic plus plant-level security, redundancy and remote management, which can create conflicting configuration goals.",
          "Security advisories and software lifecycle are part of the component evidence because network devices remain operational dependencies after commissioning."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact model, hardware revision, port/media configuration, connector, power input and mounting option are quoted?",
          "Which protocol roles, forwarding latency, time-synchronization, redundancy and QoS functions apply under the intended configuration?",
          "What firmware, management software, API, operating-system and security-update policy are maintained?",
          "Which isolation, surge, EMC, ingress, temperature, vibration and certification boundaries attach to the exact order code?",
          "What regional availability, warranty, RMA, lifecycle, PCN/EOL and compatible replacement path applies?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "Industrial Ethernet or protocol support does not prove deterministic robot-control behavior or interoperability with a specific controller.",
          "A ruggedization or certification statement for one series cannot be generalized across the Moxa portfolio.",
          "RCI has not tested packet loss, latency, synchronization, failover or cybersecurity behavior on a Moxa device."
        ]
      }
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-beckhoff",
      "slug": "beckhoff",
      "name": "Beckhoff Automation",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.beckhoff.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "description": "PC-based control platforms used in robotic motion and industrial automation.",
      "expansionBatch": 4,
      "profileStage": "source-screened",
      "productFocus": "Industrial PCs, EtherCAT controllers and real-time automation software",
      "intelligenceDossier": {
        "reviewed": "2026-08-13",
        "integrationRelevance": "Beckhoff combines industrial PCs, embedded controllers, EtherCAT I/O, motion and TwinCAT software. In a robot, the useful comparison unit is the selected IPC/controller plus I/O terminals, real-time runtime, licenses, bus topology and maintained operating-system image—not an industrial-PC family alone.",
        "officialEvidenceRoutes": [
          {
            "label": "Embedded PC portfolio",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/",
            "scope": "Official embedded-controller families, expansion and availability positioning."
          },
          {
            "label": "Product finder",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/product-finder/",
            "scope": "Official selection route across IPC, I/O, motion, automation and vision."
          },
          {
            "label": "Download finder",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-en/support/download-finder/",
            "scope": "Official software, technical documents, configuration files, certificates and data sheets."
          }
        ],
        "selectionSignals": [
          "The platform can integrate compute, I/O and motion in one ecosystem, but CPU class, terminal chain, runtime and licenses are independently configurable.",
          "EtherCAT capability does not by itself identify cycle time, distributed-clock topology, supported axes or safety configuration.",
          "Long-availability statements are valuable for machines, but must be tied to the selected model, options, software and last-time-buy policy."
        ],
        "procurementQuestions": [
          "What exact IPC/CX order code, CPU, RAM, storage, interface option, I/O terminal list and power configuration are quoted?",
          "Which TwinCAT build, runtime functions, motion-axis count, license IDs and operating-system image are required?",
          "What EtherCAT cycle, distributed-clock, jitter and timestamp requirements are supported by the complete selected topology?",
          "Which environmental, EMC, safety, cybersecurity-update and recovery-image evidence applies to the configuration?",
          "What availability period, repair path, PCN/EOL notice, last-time-buy and compatible replacement process applies?"
        ],
        "evidenceBoundaries": [
          "A controller family page does not prove real-time behavior for a particular task, I/O chain or third-party drive.",
          "EtherCAT presence is not proof of profile conformance, safety validation or robot-level interoperability.",
          "RCI has not run TwinCAT, measured control jitter or validated a Beckhoff robot-control configuration."
        ]
      }
    }
  ],
  "components": [
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus",
      "slug": "hebi-r8-9-plus",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "R8-9+",
      "name": "HEBI R8-9+ Actuator",
      "aliases": [
        "R8–9+"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated rotary joint actuator",
      "architecture": "Sealed modular actuator with reduction, sensing, controller and optical-Ethernet daisy chain",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/robotic-actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A field-oriented modular actuator whose official datasheet separates continuous torque from peak torque and publishes environmental and sensing information.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "10",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Datasheet headline rating; speed–torque envelope still governs simultaneous torque and speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "23",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak rating; duration is not stated in the headline table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "39",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed; not simultaneously available with peak torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "685",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Angular accuracy",
          "originalValue": "±0.2",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "R-Series+ family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The headline peak-torque duration is not stated in the summary table.",
        "Torque and speed maxima must not be treated as a simultaneous operating point."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r",
      "slug": "robotis-xh540-w270-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XH540-W270-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XH540-W270-R",
      "aliases": [
        "XH540-W270-T/R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, high-ratio metal gearing, encoder and embedded controller in a networked servo",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
      "summary": "A compact networked servo whose highest torque figure is explicitly a stall value at a specified voltage and current—not a continuous joint rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The e-Manual publishes momentary stall torque and warns that it differs from continuous and real-world output.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "9.9",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "At 12.0 V and 4.9 A; the e-Manual warns that stall torque is not a continuous output rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "39",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 12.0 V; no load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "165",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "272.5:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "R suffix; T variant uses TTL.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15",
          "originalUnit": "arcmin",
          "condition": "Equivalent value shown by manufacturer as 0.25°.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No continuous output torque is published in the main specification table.",
        "The stall and no-load values describe opposite ends of the operating curve."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak80-9-v3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK80-9 V3.0 KV100",
      "name": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0",
      "aliases": [
        "AK80-9 V3.0 KV100"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated rotary joint actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 9:1 planetary gearbox, driver and encoder in an integrated module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
      "summary": "A low-ratio integrated actuator marketed for legged robots, exoskeletons and AGVs with rated and peak torque published separately.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "9",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer calls this rated torque; thermal duty conditions are not stated in the product comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "22",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 28 A; duration not stated in the visible specification table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "390",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At the published rated operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "490",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "9:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control/data interface",
          "originalValue": "CAN + serial setup port",
          "condition": "XT30 2+2 combines power and CAN; CJT 3-pin is used for setup communication.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15",
          "originalUnit": "arcmin",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-specific specification table; no test method is disclosed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The visible page does not define the thermal test behind rated torque.",
        "Peak torque duration is not stated in the headline specification table."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-realsense-d455",
      "slug": "realsense-d455",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-realsense",
      "officialModel": "D455",
      "name": "RealSense Depth Camera D455",
      "aliases": [
        "D455f family"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active IR stereo depth camera with RGB global shutter and IMU",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
      "summary": "A USB stereo-depth camera with a 95 mm baseline, global shutters and a published ideal range tied to accuracy context.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.6–6",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-described ideal range; not a hard detection limit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 720 up to 30 fps; 848 × 480 up to 90 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum frame rate depends on resolution.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "87 × 58",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data connector",
          "originalValue": "USB-C 3.1 Gen 1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<2% at 4 m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer condition shown on the product page; see datasheet footnote for full method.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Motion sensing / synchronization",
          "originalValue": "Bosch BMI055 IMU; multi-camera use described",
          "condition": "Product page does not turn this into a universal host-level synchronization guarantee.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-software_support",
          "field": "software_support",
          "label": "SDK / firmware support boundary",
          "originalValue": "Firmware ≥5.17.3.10; librealsense ≥v2.58.3",
          "condition": "The v2.58.3 beta release support table lists D455 USB with firmware 5.17.3.10 or later and SDK v2.58.3 or later; its supported JetPack rows are 5.0.2, 6.0, 6.1, 6.2 and 7.0. The official D400 firmware table separately associates firmware 5.17.3.10 with SDK 2.58.1; RCI preserves both source statements.",
          "note": "A platform support table is not an exact Seeed J4012 carrier-image, kernel, bandwidth, timing or long-run stability validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense SDK 2.0 beta (v2.58.3)",
            "url": "https://github.com/realsenseai/librealsense/releases/tag/v2.58.3",
            "location": "Supported Platforms and Supported Cameras tables; D455 USB row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "v2.58.3 beta · published 2026-07-19 · commit dfd6aa9"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "D400 Series Firmware Releases",
              "url": "https://dev.realsenseai.com/docs/firmware-releases-d400/",
              "location": "Firmware 5.17.3.10 row",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
              "revision": "Observed 2026-08-10 · row associates firmware 5.17.3.10 with SDK 2.58.1"
            }
          ]
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-independent_depth_behavior",
          "field": "independent_depth_behavior",
          "label": "Independent depth-error behavior",
          "originalValue": "Noise increases with distance; accuracy degrades sharply at high surface inclinations",
          "condition": "Controlled checkerboard study plus TLS-referenced indoor mapping evaluation; results depend on distance and surface inclination.",
          "note": "This verifies behavior under the paper’s setup, not the manufacturer’s entire range claim.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "Geometric Accuracy Investigations of Intel RealSense Depth Cameras",
            "url": "https://isprs-archives.copernicus.org/articles/XLVIII-1-W2-2023/1207/2023/",
            "location": "Sections 4–6 and Figures 6–10",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2023"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-independent_iso_ps_error",
          "field": "independent_iso_ps_error",
          "label": "Independent ISO 10360-13 P_S error",
          "originalValue": "Mean 2.47 mm; standard deviation 1.42 mm",
          "condition": "One off-the-shelf D455 was tested indoors under controlled brightness over 500–1500 mm using the paper’s ISO 10360-13 procedure.",
          "note": "This is a device- and setup-bounded close-range result; it does not validate every D455 unit, the full 6 m ideal range or every depth-error metric.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "Metrological Characterization and Comparison of D415, D455, L515 RealSense Devices in the Close Range",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s21227770",
            "location": "ISO 10360-13 close-range procedure, Table 4 and discussion",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2021-11-22"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The stated ideal range and accuracy are not interchangeable with maximum detectable distance.",
        "Resolution and frame-rate maxima cannot be combined arbitrarily.",
        "SDK platform support does not establish exact D455 × J4012 compatibility; freeze and test the carrier image, kernel, SDK, firmware and stream workload."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335",
      "slug": "orbbec-gemini-335",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-orbbec",
      "officialModel": "Gemini 335",
      "name": "Orbbec Gemini 335",
      "aliases": [
        "G40155-170"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Stereo depth camera using Orbbec MX6800 processing ASIC with RGB, IMU and trigger support",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://new-orbbec3d-s3.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/22062452/Gemini-330-series-Datasheet-V1.6.pdf",
      "summary": "A wide-field stereo camera whose current product page and V1.6 datasheet differ on the lower ideal-range boundary while separating theoretical reach and spatial precision.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth and recommended range",
          "originalValue": "0.10–20+ m; optimal 0.26–3 m",
          "condition": "Current product-page wording; V1.6 datasheet states a 0.1–20 m+ working range and a 0.3–3 m ideal range. Both state a theoretical maximum up to 65 m.",
          "note": "The 0.26 m versus 0.3 m lower recommendation boundary may reflect source drift, but the two current official sources do not identify a hardware, firmware or test revision. RCI preserves both.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "Orbbec Gemini 330 Series Datasheet for USB Devices",
              "url": "https://new-orbbec3d-s3.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/22062452/Gemini-330-series-Datasheet-V1.6.pdf",
              "location": "Product Specifications and sections 5.1.1–5.1.2",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
              "revision": "V1.6 / 2025-04-10"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "orbbec-gemini335-ideal-range-source-drift"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 800 @ 30 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum published depth mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "90 × 65",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data connection",
          "originalValue": "USB 3.0 Type-C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Spatial precision",
          "originalValue": "≤1.5% RMSE",
          "condition": "1280 × 800 at 2 m over a 90% × 90% ROI on a >80% reflectivity plane; this is spatial noise, not the separate absolute depth-accuracy row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 330 Series Datasheet for USB Devices",
            "url": "https://new-orbbec3d-s3.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/04/22062452/Gemini-330-series-Datasheet-V1.6.pdf",
            "location": "Product Specifications and sections 5.1.1–5.1.2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.6 / 2025-04-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "Depth/color sync, multi-device sync and hardware trigger supported",
          "condition": "Host, cable and SDK configuration still determine achieved timing.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product page states 0.26–3 m optimal while V1.6 states 0.3–3 m ideal; the difference remains a C-state source conflict.",
        "Theoretical maximum distance is not the same as the optimal or ideal range.",
        "Published spatial precision is tied to distance, resolution, ROI and target and is not absolute Z-accuracy."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x",
      "slug": "stereolabs-zed-x",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "officialModel": "ZED X",
      "name": "Stereolabs ZED X",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo camera",
      "architecture": "Dual global-shutter color sensors with GMSL2 transport, IMU and external frame sync",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419903255",
      "summary": "A rugged GMSL2 stereo camera whose V1.2 depth range and accuracy claims remain separated by the ordered 2.2 mm or 4 mm lens option.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Lens-qualified depth range",
          "originalValue": "2.2 mm: max 0.3–20 m / ideal 0.3–12 m; 4 mm: max 1–35 m / ideal 1–20 m",
          "condition": "V1.2 lens-option table; maximum and ideal ranges remain separate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419903255",
            "location": "Lens-option technical specifications table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Stereo video modes",
          "originalValue": "1920 × 1200 @ 60 fps; 960 × 600 @ 120 fps",
          "condition": "The two maxima are separate operating modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Lens options",
          "originalValue": "2 mm wide-FOV or 4 mm long-range lens",
          "condition": "Field of view depends on ordered lens option.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data connection",
          "originalValue": "GMSL2",
          "condition": "Requires a compatible deserializer or capture platform.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress rating",
          "originalValue": "IP67",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "External frame sync",
          "condition": "Integration details depend on host hardware and cable topology.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Lens-qualified depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "2.2 mm: <0.8% at 2 m / <4% at 12 m; 4 mm: <0.4% at 2 m / <7% at 20 m",
          "condition": "V1.2 lens-option table; metric definition, target, ROI, acquisition mode and test environment are not disclosed beside the values.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419903255",
            "location": "Lens-option technical specifications table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 2.2 mm and 4 mm lens values must not be collapsed into one universal range or accuracy figure.",
        "The V1.2 table does not define the accuracy metric or publish a reproducible test setup beside it.",
        "Depth is computed by host-side software, so GPU, SDK and selected mode remain material.",
        "GMSL2 is not plug-compatible with USB cameras."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360",
      "slug": "livox-mid-360",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-livox",
      "officialModel": "MID-360",
      "name": "Livox MID-360",
      "aliases": [
        "Mid-360"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Compact non-repetitive scanning 360-degree LiDAR with Ethernet, IMU and PTPv2/GPS synchronization",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
      "summary": "A compact panoramic LiDAR whose official range is explicitly split by target reflectivity under 100 klx ambient illumination.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Detection range",
          "originalValue": "40 m @ 10%; 70 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity; 100 klx ambient illumination.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "200,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "First return.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "360 × 59",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal 360°; vertical −7° to +52°.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Average power",
          "originalValue": "6.5",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer average.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "265",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Data synchronization",
          "originalValue": "IEEE 1588-2008 PTPv2 / GPS",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Range changes materially with reflectivity.",
        "Point rate is stated for first return; return mode matters."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ouster-os1",
      "slug": "ouster-os1",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ouster",
      "officialModel": "OS1",
      "name": "Ouster OS1 Rev8",
      "aliases": [
        "OS1",
        "OS1-128 Rev8",
        "OS1-080-xxx"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Rev8 L4 digital spinning LiDAR family with configurable channel count, frame rate, native-color output and Ethernet option",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
      "summary": "The current Rev8 OS1 family, kept separate from the 256-channel OS1 Max and from older Rev7 performance figures.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-product_revision",
          "field": "product_revision",
          "label": "Current hardware family",
          "originalValue": "Rev8; OS1-080-xxx",
          "condition": "The separate OS1 Max uses L4 Max and allows a 256-channel option; it is not this record.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Releases the Rev8 OS Family",
            "url": "https://investors.ouster.com/news-releases/news-release-details/ouster-releases-rev8-os-family-worlds-first-native-color-lidar",
            "location": "Rev8 highlights and OS1 Max product boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "2026-05-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range at 10% target",
          "originalValue": "90",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer overview labels this as range at a 10% target.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-max_range",
          "field": "max_range",
          "label": "Maximum representable range",
          "originalValue": "~250",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Digital representation boundary in the current overview; not a target-detection claim.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Maximum point rate",
          "originalValue": "10,485,760",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Maximum published Rev8 family configuration; operating mode and channel option must be fixed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Vertical field of view",
          "originalValue": "45",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal coverage is panoramic for the spinning sensor.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Maximum channel resolution",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "originalUnit": "channels",
          "condition": "OS1 Rev8 family maximum; OS1 Max is a separate product boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP68 / IP69K",
          "condition": "Current Rev8 family overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-frame_rate",
          "field": "frame_rate",
          "label": "Available frame rates",
          "originalValue": "5 / 10 / 15 / 20 / 30 / 40",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Availability depends on horizontal resolution and operating configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Typical power consumption",
          "originalValue": "10–20",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Current family-level range; cold-start and system supply margin are separate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS1 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS1-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "OS1 Rev8 is a configurable family; channel count, beam configuration, frame mode and Ethernet option must be fixed.",
        "The ~250 m representable range is not a detection distance.",
        "OS1 Max is a separate L4 Max product and its 200 m at 10% target claim must not be attached to this OS1 record.",
        "Rev7 OS1 values remain preserved in earlier immutable catalog releases."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32",
      "slug": "hesai-xt32",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hesai",
      "officialModel": "XT32",
      "name": "Hesai XT32",
      "aliases": [
        "XT32M/32/16 family"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "32-channel mechanical spinning LiDAR with Ethernet and PTP/GPS timing",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
      "summary": "A 32-channel panoramic mid-range LiDAR with separate instrument range, reflectivity-conditioned capability and return-mode point rates.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Instrumented range",
          "originalValue": "0.05–120",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-table range; not the same as a target-qualified detection distance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-range_10pct",
          "field": "range_10pct",
          "label": "Detection distance at 10% reflectivity",
          "originalValue": "80",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer states probability of detection greater than 90% for a 10% reflectivity target at 80 m.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "640,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Single return; dual-return rate differs.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "360 × 31",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Channels",
          "originalValue": "32",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "800",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Clock source",
          "originalValue": "GPS / PTP",
          "condition": "The user manual lists ≤1 μs PTP clock accuracy under its stated conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 120 m instrumented limit and the 80 m 10%-target result answer different questions.",
        "The selected page states POD >90% at 80 m but does not publish an ambient-light value beside that result.",
        "Point rate changes with return mode."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb",
      "slug": "nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-nvidia",
      "officialModel": "Jetson AGX Orin 64GB",
      "name": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 64GB",
      "aliases": [
        "P3701-0005"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded AI system-on-module",
      "architecture": "Ampere GPU, Arm Cortex-A78AE CPU, NVDLA and PVA accelerators on a production SoM",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
      "summary": "A high-end Jetson module whose headline TOPS value is an INT8 sparse throughput claim and must be paired with its power mode and workload precision.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "275 INT8 sparse TOPS",
          "condition": "Vendor theoretical peak with sparsity; not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "12-core Arm Cortex-A78AE",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "64 GB LPDDR5, 204.8 GB/s",
          "condition": "Production 64 GB module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Module power modes",
          "originalValue": "15–60",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Configured module power modes; carrier and peripherals add system power.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera I/O",
          "originalValue": "16 MIPI CSI-2 lanes / 16 virtual channels",
          "condition": "Module interface capability; carrier routing determines exposed ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Primary software stack",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA JetPack / CUDA / Isaac",
          "condition": "Exact compatibility depends on JetPack and Jetson Linux release.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson modules lineup",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin Series",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "TOPS is precision- and sparsity-specific.",
        "Module power is not total robot-compute-system power.",
        "Carrier-board I/O exposure varies."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi-compute-module-5",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "officialModel": "Compute Module 5",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5",
      "aliases": [
        "CM5"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded compute module",
      "architecture": "BCM2712 quad-core Arm compute module with optional eMMC, wireless and carrier-board I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
      "summary": "A general-purpose embedded compute module with unusually long published production availability and flexible carrier-board integration.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A76 at 2.4 GHz",
          "condition": "Broadcom BCM2712.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory options",
          "originalValue": "2 / 4 / 8 / 16 GB LPDDR4-4267 with ECC",
          "condition": "Ordered variant determines installed memory.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera/display I/O",
          "originalValue": "2 × four-lane MIPI DSI/CSI-2 ports",
          "condition": "Carrier-board routing and software configuration required.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "High-speed I/O",
          "originalValue": "PCIe Gen 2 x1; 2 × USB 3.0; Gigabit Ethernet PHY with IEEE 1588",
          "condition": "Module capabilities; connectors depend on carrier.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Production commitment",
          "originalValue": "Until at least January 2036",
          "condition": "Manufacturer availability statement, not a warranty for every variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Module dimensions",
          "originalValue": "55 × 40 × 4.7",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No dedicated NPU TOPS figure is claimed for the module itself.",
        "Real-time control and camera exposure depend on OS, carrier and configuration.",
        "Power consumption is workload- and carrier-dependent and is not reduced to one headline value here."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5",
      "slug": "qualcomm-robotics-rb5",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-qualcomm",
      "officialModel": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform",
      "name": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform",
      "aliases": [
        "RB5",
        "QRB5165 platform"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Robotics development platform",
      "architecture": "Heterogeneous mobile-derived robotics platform with CPU, Adreno GPU, Hexagon DSP/HTA, ISP and wireless connectivity",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
      "summary": "A robotics platform emphasizing heterogeneous imaging and AI pipelines rather than a directly comparable single TOPS headline.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "Kryo 585 up to 2.84 GHz",
          "condition": "Four high-performance and four low-power cores are described in the brief.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory support",
          "originalValue": "Up to 16 GB LPDDR5 / LPDDR4x",
          "condition": "Implementation and board variant determine installed memory.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera support",
          "originalValue": "12 D-PHY or 18 C-PHY cameras; 7 concurrent",
          "condition": "Platform maximum stated by vendor; board routing and sensors constrain actual combinations.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI acceleration",
          "originalValue": "Hexagon 698 DSP with HVX and Tensor Accelerator",
          "condition": "The cited brief does not state a directly comparable TOPS figure.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Software support in cited brief",
          "originalValue": "Ubuntu 18.04; Yocto Dunfell; Linux 4.19; ROS 2",
          "condition": "This is the document’s published baseline, not proof of current distribution support.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Wireless connectivity",
          "originalValue": "Wi-Fi 6 family / Bluetooth 5.1; optional 5G ecosystem",
          "condition": "Capabilities depend on platform configuration and mezzanine.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The official brief does not publish one TOPS value comparable to NVIDIA’s INT8 sparse number.",
        "The software versions in the brief require a current support-status check before design-in."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2",
      "slug": "rrc2054-2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-rrc",
      "officialModel": "RRC2054-2",
      "name": "RRC2054-2 Smart Battery Pack",
      "aliases": [
        "P/N 1100640"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "14.4 V removable smart pack with SMBus communication and integrated protection",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
      "summary": "A standardized smart battery pack with published electrical, thermal, communication and mechanical limits.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.40",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Nominal capacity",
          "originalValue": "≥6.80",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Datasheet minimum/nominal wording retained.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy, RCI derived",
          "originalValue": "97.9",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "normalizedValue": "97.9",
          "normalizedUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "14.40 V × 6.80 Ah; not usable energy and does not include voltage sag or cut-off.",
          "note": "RCI multiplication of the two manufacturer-stated nominal values.",
          "evidence": "D",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "rci-derived"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum discharge current",
          "originalValue": "10.0",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Thermal and protection limits still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication interface",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Typical weight",
          "originalValue": "450",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Derived nominal energy is not the same as usable energy under a robot duty cycle.",
        "Connector pinout, charger compatibility and pack authentication must be checked separately."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29",
      "slug": "inspired-energy-nd2054hd29",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "officialModel": "ND2054HD29",
      "name": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "4S1P removable smart pack using four 18650 cells with fuel-gauge display",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
      "summary": "A compact smart pack with a published energy figure, connector family and UN 38.3 documentation link.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.4",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Capacity",
          "originalValue": "2.9",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Energy",
          "originalValue": "42",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Published current",
          "originalValue": "4.0",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Product-page headline; consult the data sheet for operating boundary and protection behavior.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-connector",
          "field": "connector",
          "label": "Mating connector",
          "originalValue": "AMP 5787422-1 or 5787446-1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Transport documentation",
          "originalValue": "UN 38.3 test summary linked",
          "condition": "Document availability is not a substitute for checking exact revision and shipment configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product page does not establish robot-specific duty-cycle performance.",
        "Host communication behavior and charger compatibility require the linked data sheet."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b",
      "slug": "molicel-inr-21700-p45b",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-molicel",
      "officialModel": "INR-21700-P45B",
      "name": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B",
      "aliases": [
        "P45B"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "21700 lithium-ion cell",
      "architecture": "High-power cylindrical 21700 lithium-ion cell requiring an external pack, BMS, thermal design and protection system",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
      "summary": "A high-power cell record included to make the cell-versus-pack boundary explicit; it is not a drop-in robot battery.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "3.6",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Typical capacity",
          "originalValue": "4.5",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Typical energy",
          "originalValue": "16.2",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Single cell.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "45",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet applies an 80°C cut-off; pack thermal constraints may be lower.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Maximum weight",
          "originalValue": "70",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Official datasheet value; product page lists a nearby rounded value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Listed test reports",
          "originalValue": "UL / UN / IEC / SDS",
          "condition": "Exact report and pack-level applicability must be verified.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a cell, not a protected pack.",
        "A robot battery requires cell matching, interconnect, BMS, fusing, enclosure, thermal design and pack-level certification."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4",
      "slug": "myactuator-x8-32-v4",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-myactuator",
      "officialModel": "RMD-X8-P9-32-R",
      "name": "MYACTUATOR X8-32 V4",
      "aliases": [
        "X8-32",
        "RMD-X8-P9-32-R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "Planetary reduction, motor, controller and encoder in a compact RS-485 actuator module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
      "summary": "A current MYACTUATOR V4 module whose page publishes rated, peak, speed, mass, back-drive, backlash and control-accuracy values through an embedded technical-parameter image.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited current product page identifies peak torque through the model definition but does not publish a continuous-duty torque value in the selected evidence boundary.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque encoded in model name",
          "originalValue": "32",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "The manufacturer’s naming guide defines the final number as peak torque; this is not a continuous rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "8",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Technical-parameter image; the page does not define rated torque as continuous duty.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Technical Parameters image embedded on the current product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "244",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Technical-parameter image.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Technical Parameters image embedded on the current product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-no_load_speed",
          "field": "no_load_speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "277",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Technical-parameter image; no-load endpoint.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Technical Parameters image embedded on the current product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "0.55",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "Technical-parameter image.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Technical Parameters image embedded on the current product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-backdrive_torque",
          "field": "backdrive_torque",
          "label": "Back-drive torque",
          "originalValue": "0.8",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Technical-parameter image; test method is not disclosed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Technical Parameters image embedded on the current product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "≤10",
          "originalUnit": "arcmin",
          "condition": "Technical-parameter image; test method is not disclosed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Technical Parameters image embedded on the current product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Control accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<0.01",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Technical-parameter image; metric definition and test method are not disclosed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Technical Parameters image embedded on the current product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Planetary reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "9:1",
          "condition": "P9 in the current model name.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication variant",
          "originalValue": "RS-485",
          "condition": "R suffix on the cited current product configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder configuration",
          "originalValue": "Single encoder",
          "condition": "Current X8-32 listing and X-series family grouping.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Replacement relationship",
          "originalValue": "Replaces RMD-X8-P6-20 / X8-20",
          "condition": "The manufacturer’s discontinuation notice names X8-32 as the replacement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR product discontinuation notice for X8-20",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC-news-5",
            "location": "Replacement notice",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The technical-parameter table is image-based and has no visible document revision.",
        "Rated torque is preserved as rated and is not silently relabeled as continuous output.",
        "Backlash and control accuracy lack a disclosed measurement method in the selected source."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101",
      "slug": "basler-blaze-101",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-basler",
      "officialModel": "blaze-101",
      "name": "Basler blaze-101",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Time-of-flight 3D camera",
      "architecture": "Sony DepthSense IMX556 time-of-flight sensor with 940 nm VCSEL illumination and GigE Vision transport",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
      "summary": "An industrial ToF camera whose official documentation publishes unusually specific accuracy, warm-up, reflectivity and ambient-light conditions.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Measurement range",
          "originalValue": "Short 0.3–1.5; long 0.3–10",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Separate short- and long-range modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "640 × 480 at 20 fps default / 30 fps FastMode",
          "condition": "FastMode changes the operating mode; it is not the default.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "67 × 51",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Typical accuracy",
          "originalValue": "±5",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "0.5–5.5 m; 20-minute warm-up; flat white 90% target; no ambient light; 22°C; central 40 × 40 pixels; 25-image average.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "originalValue": "Gigabit Ethernet / GigE Vision",
          "condition": "1000 Mbit/s communication interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization modes",
          "originalValue": "PTP IEEE 1588, hardware trigger, software trigger, free run",
          "condition": "Multi-camera operation is supported, but achieved timing depends on network and configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Camera power",
          "originalValue": "<15 mean; <55 peak",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "24 VDC ±10%; typical values are lower in the cited documentation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The ±5 mm claim is not valid outside its stated target, temperature, warm-up and ambient-light test conditions.",
        "A 10 m range figure does not imply ±5 mm accuracy at 10 m."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100",
      "slug": "sick-picoscan100-family",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-sick",
      "officialModel": "picoScan100 family",
      "name": "SICK picoScan100 Family",
      "aliases": [
        "picoScan120",
        "picoScan150"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "2D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "HDDM+ multi-echo 2D scanning LiDAR with configurable Dynamic Sensing Profiles and Ethernet data interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
      "summary": "A configurable 2D LiDAR family whose range, resolution and scan rate vary together by model and sensing profile.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Working / scanning range",
          "originalValue": "0.05–120 m working; up to 75 m at 90% and 40 m at 10%",
          "condition": "Family and profile dependent; remission figures are at 10 klx.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Horizontal aperture angle",
          "originalValue": "276",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Family overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-scan_rate",
          "field": "scan_rate",
          "label": "Scanning frequency",
          "originalValue": "15–50",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Depends on variant and Dynamic Sensing Profile.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-angular_resolution",
          "field": "angular_resolution",
          "label": "Angular resolution",
          "originalValue": "0.05–0.5",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Resolution and scan rate are linked through the selected profile.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data integration",
          "originalValue": "Ethernet; ROS, C++ and Python drivers listed",
          "condition": "Exact native and host-side interfaces depend on model and firmware.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "220",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Family technical overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ambient operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−33 to +50",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Indoor/outdoor family rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a family record, not proof that every picoScan120/150 SKU supports every maximum.",
        "Range, angular resolution and scan frequency must be compared at the same Dynamic Sensing Profile."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao",
      "slug": "advantech-mic-733-ao",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-advantech",
      "officialModel": "MIC-733-AO",
      "name": "Advantech MIC-733-AO",
      "aliases": [
        "MIC-733-AO5A1",
        "MIC-733-AO6A1"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Rugged edge-AI computer",
      "architecture": "Fanless industrial system around NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin with modular networking, storage and optional GMSL/PoE expansion",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
      "summary": "A complete industrial computer that adds wide-input power, rugged I/O and expansion around an AGX Orin module; module TOPS must not be mistaken for whole-system performance.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "Up to 275",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "Maximum advertised AGX Orin configuration; precision, sparsity and application conditions are not a system benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Module memory options",
          "originalValue": "32 or 64 GB",
          "condition": "Depends on ordered AGX Orin system part number.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "4 × GbE; optional PoE",
          "condition": "Optional PoE module changes exposed capability.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Optional camera expansion",
          "originalValue": "4-channel GMSL2 frame grabber",
          "condition": "Optional IC-FG-4G2C1 module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-host_io",
          "field": "host_io",
          "label": "USB",
          "originalValue": "4 × USB 3.2 Gen 2 plus USB 2.0",
          "condition": "System-level external I/O.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "9–36",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Whole-system input range; consumption depends on configuration and load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "87 × 229.8 × 191.6",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Datasheet drawing.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 275 TOPS headline belongs to a configured AGX Orin module and is not an end-to-end robotics workload result.",
        "PoE, GMSL2, storage and cellular features depend on optional modules."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai",
      "slug": "aaeon-boxer-8641ai",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-aaeon",
      "officialModel": "BOXER-8641AI",
      "name": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Fanless edge-AI computer",
      "architecture": "Compact fanless system with Jetson AGX Orin, removable storage and industrial serial/DIO interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
      "summary": "A rugged complete computer offered with 32 GB and 64 GB AGX Orin variants, making ordered configuration part of every comparison.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU by module variant",
          "originalValue": "8-core Cortex-A78AE (32 GB) / 12-core Cortex-A78AE (64 GB)",
          "condition": "Ordered AGX Orin variant determines CPU configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "System memory options",
          "originalValue": "32 or 64 GB LPDDR5",
          "condition": "Soldered on the selected Jetson module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "2 × Gigabit Ethernet",
          "condition": "RJ-45 system ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-host_io",
          "field": "host_io",
          "label": "Industrial and USB I/O",
          "originalValue": "3 × USB 3.2 Gen 2; USB 2.0; 2 × RS-232/422/485; 8-bit DIO",
          "condition": "External system interfaces.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "Storage expansion",
          "originalValue": "64 GB eMMC; microSD; SATA bay; M.2 NVMe",
          "condition": "Availability and capacity depend on installed media.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "12",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Lockable DC jack; no single workload power figure is published in the selected table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +55",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "With 0.5 m/s airflow.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "180 × 136 × 79.1",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Specification table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product family has two materially different compute modules.",
        "The selected specification table does not provide a whole-system power envelope or workload benchmark."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012",
      "slug": "seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-seeed",
      "officialModel": "reComputer Industrial J4012",
      "name": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial J4012",
      "aliases": [
        "J4012"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial edge-AI computer",
      "architecture": "Jetson Orin NX 16 GB industrial carrier and enclosure with Ethernet, CAN, serial and digital I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
      "summary": "An industrial Jetson system whose robotics value comes from exposed CAN, serial, Ethernet and digital I/O in addition to module AI throughput.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-module",
          "field": "module",
          "label": "Compute module",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16 GB",
          "condition": "J4012 configuration in the family table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "100",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "Vendor family-table value for J4012; not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "8-core Arm Cortex-A78AE v8.2 64-bit",
          "condition": "Jetson Orin NX 16 GB configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Network and host I/O",
          "originalValue": "2 × LAN; 3 × USB 3.2; 2 × USB 2.0",
          "condition": "One LAN port is identified with PSE in the hardware overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "Industrial I/O",
          "originalValue": "CAN; RS-232/422/485; 4 DI; 4 DO",
          "condition": "Exposed system interfaces.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "12–24",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "System input; actual consumption depends on module power mode and peripherals.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 100 TOPS figure is a module-level vendor throughput number.",
        "PSE, peripheral loads and Jetson power mode affect whole-system power and thermal behavior."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb",
      "slug": "toradex-verdin-imx8m-plus-quad-4gb-wb-it",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-toradex",
      "officialModel": "Verdin iMX8M Plus Quad 4GB WB IT",
      "name": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus Quad 4GB WB IT",
      "aliases": [
        "Product 0058"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial system-on-module",
      "architecture": "NXP i.MX 8M Plus heterogeneous Arm SoM with Cortex-A53 application cores, Cortex-M7 real-time core, NPU and industrial interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "An industrial SoM whose real-time core, CAN-FD and maintained OS ecosystem may matter more to a robot controller than a large TOPS headline.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "Application / real-time CPUs",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A53 plus Cortex-M7",
          "condition": "Heterogeneous SoC; clocks and workloads must be checked in the datasheet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "NPU performance",
          "originalValue": "2.3",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "NXP i.MX 8M Plus NPU vendor figure; not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory and flash",
          "originalValue": "4 GB LPDDR4 at 4000 MT/s; 32 GB eMMC",
          "condition": "4 GB WB IT variant; eMMC vendor can change by hardware revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "CAN",
          "originalValue": "2 × CAN-FD",
          "condition": "Pin multiplexing and carrier-board routing still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Approximate module dissipation",
          "originalValue": "1.5–6.3",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Datasheet approximation; workload, peripherals and carrier losses are additional.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Module temperature range",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Wi-Fi/Bluetooth portion validated from −30°C to +85°C; other components cover the full range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Module dimensions",
          "originalValue": "69.6 × 35 × 6",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Supported OS families",
          "originalValue": "Torizon OS; Toradex Yocto reference images; Android",
          "condition": "Exact support status depends on release and hardware revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Carrier-board design determines accessible interfaces and compliance.",
        "The NPU TOPS figure is not comparable to a full robot workload or to sparse INT8 headlines without shared conditions."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01",
      "slug": "ultralife-ubbl13-01",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ultralife",
      "officialModel": "UBBL13-01",
      "name": "Ultralife UBI-2590 High Capacity Smart Battery",
      "aliases": [
        "UBBL13",
        "UBI-2590 HC SMBus"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Rugged smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "Two independently addressable battery sections that the host can connect in series or parallel, with SMBus and dual state-of-charge displays",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
      "summary": "A rugged dual-section smart pack used in robotics and unmanned systems, illustrating why series/parallel host wiring is part of the battery specification.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Voltage modes",
          "originalValue": "28.8 average series / 14.4 average parallel",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Series range 20.0–33.6 V; parallel range 10.0–16.8 V.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Capacity by connection mode",
          "originalValue": "10 series / 20 parallel",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "The same two sections are reconfigured; energy does not double in parallel mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Smart-battery communication",
          "originalValue": "SMBus v1.1 / SBD v1.1",
          "condition": "Host implementation and section addressing still need integration validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "3.2",
          "originalUnit": "lb",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−32 to +60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Product-page range; charge limits can be narrower.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Design / transport evidence",
          "originalValue": "MIL-PRF-32383/3; UN 38.3; IEC/UL/CSA 62133-2; CB scheme",
          "condition": "The page says designed to meet; exact certificate and shipped suffix must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The host determines series versus parallel connection and therefore voltage/capacity presentation.",
        "Operating-temperature range is not the same as charge-temperature range.",
        "Military form-factor compatibility does not guarantee every robot host pinout or charger is compatible."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2",
      "slug": "kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "USBcan Pro 2xHS v2",
      "name": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "Dual isolated high-speed CAN/CAN FD channels with FPGA control, USB host transport and on-device t-script execution",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/kvaser_usbcan_pro_2xhs_v2_userguide_2_3_180916.pdf",
      "summary": "A dual-channel CAN FD interface with a small but material minimum-bitrate conflict between two current official documents.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "High-speed CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "condition": "Two galvanically isolated channels.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "20–1000 (product page) / 50–1000 (user guide)",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "Two official current-facing documents publish different minimum bitrates.",
          "note": "RCI preserves the conflict instead of choosing one value; confirm hardware/firmware revision with Kvaser.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 User’s Guide",
              "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/kvaser_usbcan_pro_2xhs_v2_userguide_2_3_180916.pdf",
              "location": "Technical data, table 6",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
              "revision": "2.3"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "kvaser-usbcan-min-bitrate"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Requires a correct physical-layer implementation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB Hi-Speed",
          "condition": "USB bus powered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/kvaser_usbcan_pro_2xhs_v2_userguide_2_3_180916.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data, table 6",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Device technical data.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "Yes, both channels",
          "condition": "Isolation present; voltage withstand is not stated in the selected product table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-message_rate",
          "field": "message_rate",
          "label": "Maximum message rate",
          "originalValue": "20,000 per channel",
          "originalUnit": "messages/s",
          "condition": "Receive and send headline values.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Official sources disagree on the minimum classical-CAN bitrate.",
        "CAN FD at 8 Mbit/s depends on the network physical layer, cable and termination.",
        "USB interface timing is not identical to deterministic fieldbus control timing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
      "slug": "ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hms",
      "officialModel": "Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional",
      "name": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 Professional",
      "aliases": [
        "1.01.0283.22002"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "USB-to-CAN interface",
      "architecture": "Dual isolated classical-CAN interfaces with USB 2.0 host transport and VCI/ECI driver ecosystem",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
      "summary": "A dual-channel classical-CAN adapter whose selected product specification does not claim CAN FD, making protocol-generation boundaries explicit.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "High-speed CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "condition": "Two RJ45 interfaces with supplied D-Sub 9 adapter cables.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "CAN high-speed ISO 11898-2:2016.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-bus_protocol",
          "field": "bus_protocol",
          "label": "CAN controller mode",
          "originalValue": "CAN 2.0 A/B",
          "condition": "The selected configuration does not list CAN FD support.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 2.0 Hi-Speed, 480 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Compatible with USB 1.1 and USB 3.x according to family documentation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamping",
          "originalValue": "High-precision on-board timestamping",
          "condition": "No numeric resolution is published in the selected product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Isolation",
          "originalValue": "1 kV DC for 1 s / 500 V AC for 1 min",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver interfaces",
          "originalValue": "Windows VCI; Linux ECI / SocketCAN family support",
          "condition": "Exact platform support must be checked against the current driver release.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The selected V2 professional record is classical CAN; do not infer CAN FD from other Ixxat products.",
        "Timestamp precision is described qualitatively in the selected source.",
        "Supplied adapter cables affect the physical connector seen by the robot."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus",
      "slug": "hebi-t8-16-plus",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "T8-16+",
      "name": "HEBI T8-16+ Actuator",
      "aliases": [
        "T8–16+"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Series-elastic integrated rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, gear train, elastic element, encoders and controller in a networked continuous-rotation module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A current T8+ series-elastic module with continuous and peak torque separated in the same family table.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "T8-16+ configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "44",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed; not simultaneous with peak torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "575",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "T8 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "T-Series family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "24–48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "T5/T8 family input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Peak-torque duration is not stated in the selected table.",
        "Series elasticity and controller tuning affect achieved joint stiffness and bandwidth.",
        "Maximum speed and peak torque are not a simultaneous operating point."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90",
      "slug": "hebi-h25-90",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "H25-90",
      "name": "HEBI H25-90 Actuator",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated harmonic-drive rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, harmonic reduction, encoders and controller with optional power-off brake",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A higher-torque H-Series module with a harmonic reducer, published continuous torque and an optional fail-locked brake.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "90",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "H25-90 configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "180",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "50",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "2.9",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "H25 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock fiber Ethernet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Angular accuracy",
          "originalValue": "0.02",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "H-Series family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "None — harmonic-type reducer",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table wording; this is not an independent lost-motion test.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-brake",
          "field": "brake",
          "label": "Safety brake option",
          "originalValue": "Optional; locked on power-off",
          "condition": "Optional configuration, not present in every unit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "“No backlash” is a manufacturer description and does not establish zero lost motion or torsional compliance.",
        "The brake is optional.",
        "Peak-torque duration and cooling conditions are not stated in the selected table."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r",
      "slug": "robotis-ph54-200-s500-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "PH54-200-S500-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL PH54-200-S500-R",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked industrial smart actuator",
      "architecture": "Maxon BLDC motor, high-ratio reduction, encoder and embedded RS-485 controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
      "summary": "A 24 V DYNAMIXEL-P actuator whose continuous values are published but explicitly calculated from the core-motor specification.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "44.7",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Calculated from core-motor specifications; manufacturer advises checking the performance graph and consulting for long-duration use.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Continuous speed",
          "originalValue": "29.0",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Calculated from core-motor specifications.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "855",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "501.923:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "<6 arcmin / 0.1°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "Asynchronous serial digital packet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "24.0",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Continuous torque and speed are calculated from the core motor rather than reported as an actuator thermal endurance test.",
        "The manufacturer recommends separate consultation for long-duration use.",
        "The high ratio changes backdrivability and efficiency."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r",
      "slug": "robotis-xm540-w270-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XM540-W270-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM540-W270-R",
      "aliases": [
        "XM540-W270-T/R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, metal gearing, absolute encoder and Protocol 2.0 controller in a compact servo",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
      "summary": "A compact current-controllable servo whose page explicitly warns that the headline stall torque is not a continuous rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The e-Manual publishes stall torque and warns that it differs from continuous and real-world output.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "10.6",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "12.0 V and 4.4 A; momentary stall condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "30",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "12.0 V; no load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "165",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "272.5:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "R variant; T variant uses TTL.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15 arcmin / 0.25°",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-independent_deployed_experiment",
          "field": "independent_deployed_experiment",
          "label": "Independent deployed experiment",
          "originalValue": "Used as the rotation motor in a weaving-gripper study with five repeated trials",
          "condition": "The XM540-W270-R drove a PET-strip gripper from an initial −70° angle to four final-angle conditions before vertical pull-to-failure testing with load-cell and torque-sensor instrumentation.",
          "note": "This confirms exact-model use in the disclosed apparatus; it does not independently validate stall torque, backlash, continuous output or service life.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "Grasping through dynamic weaving with entangled closed loops",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-40358-y",
            "location": "Methods: Experimental method, lines identifying XM540-W270-R and the five repeated trials",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2023-08-02"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No continuous torque is published in the selected specification.",
        "Stall torque and no-load speed are opposite endpoints and cannot be multiplied as an operating point.",
        "Protocol compatibility does not establish deterministic system-level timing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak70-10",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK70-10 KV100",
      "name": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100",
      "aliases": [
        "AK70-10"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 10:1 planetary reduction, encoder and integrated driver with CAN control",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
      "summary": "A 24/48 V low-ratio actuator whose rated speed is published separately for the two supply voltages.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "8.3",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-rated value; thermal duration is not stated in the comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "24.8",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 23.2 A; duration not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "148 / 310",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "621",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "The current product-specific specification table shows 621 g, while the AK-series comparison table on the same page shows 521 g.",
          "note": "RCI preserves both current manufacturer values and does not select one until CubeMars resolves the same-page conflict.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Product-specific specification table, Weight row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
              "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
              "location": "AK-series product comparison table, AK70-10 Weight row",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "cubemars-ak70-10-current-page-weight"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "10:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN, 1 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "AK-series manual control protocol.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK Series Driver and Control Manual",
            "url": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
            "location": "CAN control protocol and model parameter ranges",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.0.14"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder configuration",
          "originalValue": "Single encoder",
          "condition": "Product comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "0.2",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-specific specification table; no test method is disclosed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Product-specific specification table, Weight row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The rated-torque thermal test and duration are not stated in the selected product table.",
        "Peak duration is not stated.",
        "Rated speed changes with supply voltage."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak10-9-v3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK10-9 V3.0 KV60",
      "name": "CubeMars AK10-9 V3.0",
      "aliases": [
        "AK10-9 V3.0 KV60"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 9:1 planetary reduction, dual encoders and integrated CAN driver",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
      "summary": "A larger AK-series module with dual encoders and distinct rated, peak and no-load rows in the same comparison source.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-rated value; thermal duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "53",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 31.9 A; duration not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "235",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "48 V product row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "940",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "9:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN, 1 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "AK-series manual control protocol.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK Series Driver and Control Manual",
            "url": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
            "location": "CAN control protocol and model parameter ranges",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.0.14"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder configuration",
          "originalValue": "Dual encoder",
          "condition": "Product comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Numeric backlash",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The page uses dual-encoder and positioning-accuracy language for the model but does not publish a numeric backlash value or test method in the selected specification boundary.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The rated-torque thermal test is not stated.",
        "Peak duration is not stated.",
        "The product page row and protocol manual must both match the shipped firmware revision."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i",
      "slug": "realsense-d435i",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-realsense",
      "officialModel": "D435i",
      "name": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active IR stereo depth camera with global-shutter depth sensors, RGB camera and 6-DoF IMU",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
      "summary": "A short-baseline USB depth camera whose ideal range and accuracy are tied to a closer operating distance than D455.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.3–3",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-described ideal range, not a hard maximum.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-min_depth",
          "field": "min_depth",
          "label": "Minimum depth at maximum resolution",
          "originalValue": "~0.28",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Min-Z at maximum resolution.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "Up to 1280 × 720; up to 90 fps",
          "condition": "Resolution and frame-rate maxima are listed separately and are mode-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "87 × 58",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<2%",
          "condition": "At 2 m; manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-imu",
          "field": "imu",
          "label": "Motion sensing",
          "originalValue": "6-DoF IMU",
          "condition": "D435i configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "90 × 25 × 25",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Length × depth × height.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Ideal range is not maximum detectable distance.",
        "Accuracy is stated at 2 m and should not be extrapolated linearly.",
        "The listed maximum resolution and maximum frame rate are not necessarily one simultaneous mode."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2",
      "slug": "orbbec-gemini-2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-orbbec",
      "officialModel": "Gemini 2",
      "name": "Orbbec Gemini 2",
      "aliases": [
        "G20155-15"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active stereo IR camera with MX6600 ASIC, RGB, IMU and multi-camera sync port",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ORBBEC_Datasheet_Gemini-2-3.pdf",
      "summary": "An indoor/semi-outdoor stereo camera with mode-specific range boundaries and a 2 m plane-fit RMS claim whose datasheet label and described metric do not fully align.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.15–10",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Product specification; ideal range is narrower.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-ideal_range",
          "field": "ideal_range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.2–5",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 800 at 30 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum listed mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "91 × 66",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Plane-fit RMS claim labeled “Depth Accuracy”",
          "originalValue": "≤2%",
          "condition": "1280 × 800 at 2 m over 81% ROI on a >80% reflectivity plane. The datasheet describes RMS distance to a best-fit plane without a ground-truth reference.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ORBBEC_Datasheet_Gemini-2-3.pdf",
            "location": "Product specifications and multi-camera synchronization",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data and power interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 3.0 Type-C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Multi-camera synchronization",
          "originalValue": "8-pin sync; ≤3 ms depth/RGB difference",
          "condition": "Auto exposure off; follow SDK topology instructions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ORBBEC_Datasheet_Gemini-2-3.pdf",
            "location": "Product specifications and multi-camera synchronization",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 10 m working range, 5 m unbinned optimal range and 2.5 m binned optimal range are different mode boundaries.",
        "The datasheet labels the selected value Depth Accuracy but describes a plane-fit RMS method; RCI does not treat it as absolute Z-accuracy.",
        "Lighting, temperature, warm-up, frame count, firmware, tested-unit count and ground truth are not disclosed for the value.",
        "The synchronization figure requires auto exposure to be disabled."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i",
      "slug": "stereolabs-zed-2i",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "officialModel": "ZED 2i 2.1mm",
      "name": "Stereolabs ZED 2i 2.1mm",
      "aliases": [
        "ZED2i21MM"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo camera",
      "architecture": "Wide-baseline rolling-shutter stereo camera with USB 3, IMU, barometer and magnetometer",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.stereolabs.com/store/products/zed-2i",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
      "summary": "The 2.1 mm ZED 2i variant, kept separate from the 4 mm option because range, FOV and accuracy claims differ materially.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.3–20",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "2.1 mm lens; ideal range 0.3–12 m.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Stereo output modes",
          "originalValue": "2 × 2208 × 1242 at 15 fps; 2 × 1920 × 1080 at 30 fps; 2 × 1280 × 720 at 60 fps",
          "condition": "Separate modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "110 × 70 × 120",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical × diagonal; 2.1 mm lens.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<0.8% at 2 m; <4% at 12 m",
          "condition": "2.1 mm lens claims.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 3.0 Type-C",
          "condition": "External screw-lock cable.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP66",
          "condition": "Enclosure rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "229",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 4 mm option has different FOV, minimum range and accuracy and is not represented by this record.",
        "Depth is computed by host-side software and depends on compatible GPU, SDK and mode.",
        "The rolling shutters can affect fast-motion scenes."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-livox-avia",
      "slug": "livox-avia",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-livox",
      "officialModel": "Avia",
      "name": "Livox Avia",
      "aliases": [
        "AVIA"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Multi-line non-repetitive or repetitive scanning LiDAR with Ethernet, IMU and multi-return output",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
      "summary": "A long-range compact LiDAR whose range table explicitly crosses ambient illumination and target reflectivity.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Detection range at 100 klx",
          "originalValue": "190 m @ 10%; 230 m @ 20%; 320 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity under 100 klx ambient illumination.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-range_low_light",
          "field": "range_low_light",
          "label": "Detection range at 0 klx",
          "originalValue": "190 m @ 10%; 260 m @ 20%; 450 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity under 0 klx.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "240,000 first/strongest; 480,000 dual; 720,000 triple",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Return mode changes rate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "70.4 × 77.2 non-repetitive / 70.4 × 4.5 repetitive",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-precision",
          "field": "precision",
          "label": "Range precision",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "originalUnit": "cm",
          "condition": "1σ at 20 m; 25°C; 80% reflectivity target.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Data synchronization",
          "originalValue": "IEEE 1588-2008 PTPv2, PPS, GPS",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Typical power",
          "originalValue": "8 non-repetitive / 9 repetitive; 16 startup",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Startup power may increase at low temperature.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Range varies substantially with reflectivity and light.",
        "Point rate depends on return mode.",
        "Range precision is stated for one target, distance and temperature."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ouster-os0",
      "slug": "ouster-os0",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ouster",
      "officialModel": "OS0",
      "name": "Ouster OS0 Rev8",
      "aliases": [
        "OS0",
        "OS0 Rev8 family",
        "OS0-080-xxx"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Rev8 L4 ultra-wide spinning digital LiDAR family with configurable resolution, native-color output and Ethernet option",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
      "summary": "The current Rev8 ultra-wide OS0 family, with the 10%-target distance kept separate from its digital maximum representable range.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-product_revision",
          "field": "product_revision",
          "label": "Current hardware family",
          "originalValue": "Rev8; OS0-080-xxx",
          "condition": "Current L4 generation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Releases the Rev8 OS Family",
            "url": "https://investors.ouster.com/news-releases/news-release-details/ouster-releases-rev8-os-family-worlds-first-native-color-lidar",
            "location": "Rev8 highlights and current OS family boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "2026-05-04",
            "published": "2026-05-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range at 10% target",
          "originalValue": "35",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer overview labels this as range at a 10% target.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-max_range",
          "field": "max_range",
          "label": "Maximum representable range",
          "originalValue": "~250",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Digital representation boundary in the current overview; not a target-detection claim.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-min_range",
          "field": "min_range",
          "label": "Minimum range",
          "originalValue": "0.0",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "A headline minimum; not a usable-accuracy guarantee at the window.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Vertical field of view",
          "originalValue": "90",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal coverage is panoramic for the spinning sensor.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Maximum point rate",
          "originalValue": "10,485,760",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Maximum published Rev8 family configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Maximum channel resolution",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "originalUnit": "channels",
          "condition": "Family maximum; ordered channel and beam configuration matter.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-returns",
          "field": "returns",
          "label": "Returns",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "condition": "Strongest and second-strongest returns.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-frame_rate",
          "field": "frame_rate",
          "label": "Available frame rates",
          "originalValue": "5 / 10 / 15 / 20 / 30 / 40",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Availability depends on horizontal resolution and operating configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Typical power consumption",
          "originalValue": "10–20",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Current family-level range; cold-start peak is separate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP68 / IP69K",
          "condition": "Current Rev8 family overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/os-overview",
            "location": "Rev8 OS0 specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev8 / OS0-080-xxx"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "OS0 specifications vary by hardware revision, channel configuration, beam pattern and frame mode.",
        "The ~250 m value is a maximum representable range, not a detection claim and not a ratio to the 35 m 10%-target result.",
        "A headline zero minimum range does not establish usable accuracy at the sensor window.",
        "Rev7 OS0 values remain preserved in earlier immutable catalog releases."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb",
      "slug": "nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-nvidia",
      "officialModel": "Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
      "name": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded AI system-on-module",
      "architecture": "Ampere GPU, Arm Cortex-A78AE CPU and NVDLA accelerators in the 260-pin Jetson NX form factor",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
      "summary": "A compact Jetson module whose current Super headline must be separated into sparse and dense INT8 throughput and tied to software and power mode.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "Peak INT8 AI performance in Super mode",
          "originalValue": "157 sparse / 78 dense",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "JetPack 6.2 Super mode; theoretical peak, not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin NX 16GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "8-core Arm Cortex-A78AE up to 2 GHz",
          "condition": "Production module configuration described by NVIDIA.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "16 GB LPDDR5, 102 GB/s",
          "condition": "Module configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Original configurable power range",
          "originalValue": "10–25",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Original production modes; JetPack 6.2 adds higher Super modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Super-mode software gate",
          "originalValue": "JetPack 6.2",
          "condition": "Required for the cited Super-mode table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin NX 16GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-form_factor",
          "field": "form_factor",
          "label": "Module connector",
          "originalValue": "260-pin SODIMM",
          "condition": "Jetson NX series form factor.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-support_end_date",
          "field": "support_end_date",
          "label": "Published software support end date",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The current lineup page does not state one exact end-of-support date for this module and software stack.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson modules lineup",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
            "location": "Jetson Orin NX Series",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 157 TOPS number is sparse INT8 theoretical throughput; dense INT8 is lower.",
        "Super mode changes thermal and power requirements.",
        "Carrier I/O and total system power are not module-only specifications.",
        "An exact public support end date is not present in the selected lineup source."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi-compute-module-4",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "officialModel": "Compute Module 4",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4",
      "aliases": [
        "CM4"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded compute module",
      "architecture": "BCM2711 quad-core Arm module with optional eMMC and certified wireless variants",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
      "summary": "A widely deployed embedded module with a public production commitment and explicit standard versus extended temperature variants.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A72 at 1.5 GHz",
          "condition": "Broadcom BCM2711.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory options",
          "originalValue": "1 / 2 / 4 / 8 GB LPDDR4-3200",
          "condition": "Ordered variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "eMMC options",
          "originalValue": "Lite / 8 / 16 / 32 GB",
          "condition": "Lite has no eMMC.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Optional certified wireless",
          "originalValue": "2.4/5 GHz 802.11 b/g/n/ac; Bluetooth 5.0/BLE",
          "condition": "Wireless variants only.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +85 standard / −40 to +85 extended",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Variant-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Production commitment",
          "originalValue": "Until at least January 2034",
          "condition": "Manufacturer availability statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "Dedicated NPU throughput",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The module specification does not list a dedicated NPU or a TOPS claim.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The module has no dedicated NPU TOPS claim.",
        "Wireless, RAM, eMMC and temperature range depend on the ordered SKU.",
        "Carrier-board and OS choices determine exposed I/O and real-time behavior."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb",
      "slug": "toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-wb-it",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-toradex",
      "officialModel": "Verdin AM62 Quad 2GB WB IT",
      "name": "Toradex Verdin AM62 Quad 2GB WB IT",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial system-on-module",
      "architecture": "TI AM625 heterogeneous SoM with four Cortex-A53 cores, Cortex-M4F, PRU real-time subsystem and industrial interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A low-power industrial SoM that exposes real-time and CAN-FD integration features rather than a neural-accelerator headline.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "Application and real-time processors",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A53 at 1.4 GHz; Cortex-M4F at 400 MHz; dual-core PRUSS",
          "condition": "Quad 2GB variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "2 GB LPDDR4 with inline ECC",
          "condition": "Quad 2GB variant; inline ECC is an SoC feature.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "CAN FD interfaces",
          "originalValue": "1 family-compatible + 2 module-specific",
          "condition": "Carrier pin multiplexing and compatibility groups apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet capability",
          "originalValue": "On-module Gigabit PHY with IEEE 1588; second RGMII MAC",
          "condition": "Second PHY is carrier-side.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera interface",
          "originalValue": "1 × 4-lane MIPI CSI-2",
          "condition": "Module interface; carrier routing required.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Quad 2GB WB IT variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Recommended main input",
          "originalValue": "3.135–5.5",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "3.3 or 5 V typical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Module-specific interfaces are not guaranteed across every Verdin module.",
        "Carrier design determines exposed connectors and second-Ethernet implementation.",
        "This variant does not provide a directly comparable NPU TOPS headline."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai",
      "slug": "aaeon-boxer-8651ai",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-aaeon",
      "officialModel": "BOXER-8651AI",
      "name": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Fanless edge AI computer",
      "architecture": "Compact fanless industrial system built around NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX with exposed CAN FD, serial and DIO",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8651ai",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
      "summary": "A compact Orin NX system whose system-level ports and input range are distinct from the underlying Jetson module capabilities.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-module",
          "field": "module",
          "label": "Compute module",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 8 GB / 16 GB",
          "condition": "Ordered system variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "6-core Arm Cortex-A78AE",
          "condition": "Datasheet configuration wording; verify ordered Jetson module revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "System memory options",
          "originalValue": "8 / 16 GB LPDDR5",
          "condition": "On selected Jetson module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "Industrial I/O",
          "originalValue": "CAN FD; RS-232/422/485; 8-bit DIO",
          "condition": "System connectors.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet and USB",
          "originalValue": "1 × GbE; 2 × USB 3.2 Gen 2; 2 × USB 2.0",
          "condition": "System-exposed ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "12–24",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "System input; workload consumption not stated in the selected table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−15 to +55",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "IEC 60068-2 with 0.5 m/s airflow.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The datasheet CPU wording must be matched to the exact Orin NX module SKU.",
        "The temperature range includes a specified airflow condition.",
        "Module TOPS and system-level sustained application throughput are not equivalent."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2",
      "slug": "rrc2040-2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-rrc",
      "officialModel": "RRC2040-2",
      "name": "RRC2040-2 Smart Battery Pack",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "3S2P removable smart pack with SMBus, state-of-charge display and redundant protection",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
      "summary": "A current-generation 10.8 V smart pack whose public page also records an 800-cycle retention condition and separate charge/discharge temperatures.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "10.80",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Current product generation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Nominal capacity",
          "originalValue": "≥6.80",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Current product generation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "≥73.44",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum discharge current",
          "originalValue": "10.00",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Protection and temperature limits apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication bus",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-cycle_life",
          "field": "cycle_life",
          "label": "Capacity retention",
          "originalValue": "Up to 80% after 800 cycles",
          "condition": "Manufacturer headline; exact cycle method requires the current datasheet/manual.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Charge / discharge temperature",
          "originalValue": "0 to 45 / −20 to 60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Charge and discharge ranges differ.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Current RRC2040-2 values differ from archived previous-generation documents, so the exact hardware revision must be recorded.",
        "The cycle headline requires its detailed charge/discharge method.",
        "Host connector, authentication and charger compatibility remain system-level checks."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34",
      "slug": "inspired-energy-nh2054hd34",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "officialModel": "NH2054HD34",
      "name": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "4S2P eight-cell smart pack with SMBus, removable connector and always-on fuel-gauge display",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/images/product_data_sheets/NH2054HD34_spec_v1.8.pdf",
      "summary": "A 98 Wh hot-swap-oriented smart pack with a capacity test method and a documented replacement relationship to earlier 2054 variants.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.4",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Product-page capacity",
          "originalValue": "6.8",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Datasheet specifies ≥6.136 Ah initial and >6.340 Ah typical under its stated method.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-capacity_test",
          "field": "capacity_test",
          "label": "Rated-capacity method",
          "originalValue": "≥6.136 Ah initial; >6.340 Ah typical",
          "condition": "16.8 V CV charge, 3.0 A limit to 136 mA taper; 1.34 A discharge to 11.0 V at 25°C within one hour of charge.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 Battery Specification",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/images/product_data_sheets/NH2054HD34_spec_v1.8.pdf",
            "location": "Rated-capacity method and operating limits",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.8 / 2024-03-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Energy",
          "originalValue": "98",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Published discharge capability",
          "originalValue": "8.0",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Product headline; detailed protection behavior remains in the specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Replacement relationship",
          "originalValue": "Replaces NH2054HD29 and NH2054HD31",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The marketing 6.8 Ah figure and datasheet minimum/typical values use different levels of precision; the test method governs.",
        "Low-temperature performance should be validated in the host device.",
        "Replacement does not automatically guarantee firmware, authentication or charger compatibility."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b",
      "slug": "molicel-inr-21700-p50b",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-molicel",
      "officialModel": "INR-21700-P50B",
      "name": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B",
      "aliases": [
        "P50B"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "21700 lithium-ion cell",
      "architecture": "Low-impedance high-power cylindrical cell requiring an external pack, BMS, fusing and thermal system",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
      "summary": "A 5 Ah high-power cell whose 60 A headline remains a cell-level claim, not a protected robot-pack output rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "3.6",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Typical capacity",
          "originalValue": "5.0",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Typical nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "3.6 V × 5.0 Ah; also stated on the manufacturer campaign page.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Discharge current",
          "originalValue": "60",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Cell-level manufacturer headline; consult the datasheet for temperature and cutoff conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Maximum weight",
          "originalValue": "71",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-energy_density",
          "field": "energy_density",
          "label": "Gravimetric energy density",
          "originalValue": "260",
          "originalUnit": "Wh/kg",
          "condition": "Product-page value; a separate campaign page shows a nearby 265 Wh/kg rounded value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Listed reports",
          "originalValue": "UL / UN / IEC / SDS",
          "condition": "Exact report revision and pack applicability must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a cell, not a battery pack.",
        "The 60 A headline requires the datasheet temperature and cutoff conditions.",
        "Cell reports do not replace pack-level safety, transport and integration evidence."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p",
      "slug": "kvaser-u100p",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "U100P",
      "name": "Kvaser U100P",
      "aliases": [
        "EAN 73-30130-01174-8"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Rugged USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "Single isolated CAN/CAN FD channel with USB 2.0 host transport, MagiSync and precision timestamping",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-u100p/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
      "summary": "The active precision U100 variant, with reinforced isolation and a 1 μs timestamp that is materially different from the base U100 model.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Requires correct physical-layer implementation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 2.0",
          "condition": "USB bus powered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Precision U100P variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Reinforced galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "5000 VAC rms for 60 s",
          "condition": "Design/test statement in current documentation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-u100p/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-message_rate",
          "field": "message_rate",
          "label": "Maximum message rate",
          "originalValue": "20,000",
          "originalUnit": "messages/s",
          "condition": "Per channel.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Housing / operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "IP67; −40 to +85°C",
          "condition": "Mated CAN and USB connectors are separately listed as IP40 in the guide.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The IP67 housing rating does not extend to the mated connectors, which are listed as IP40.",
        "USB host scheduling is not deterministic fieldbus timing.",
        "The base U100 has a different timestamp specification and must not be conflated with U100P."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
      "slug": "ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hms",
      "officialModel": "Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact",
      "name": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD Compact",
      "aliases": [
        "1.01.0351.12001"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "Single isolated CAN/CAN FD interface with USB host transport and VCI/ECI driver ecosystem",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
      "summary": "A compact single-channel CAN FD adapter with both ISO and non-ISO modes, but no numeric timestamp resolution in the selected public specification.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "D-Sub 9 CAN/CAN FD interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "High-speed CAN ISO 11898-2:2016.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "ISO and non-ISO CAN FD; verified-by-testing statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB Type-A",
          "condition": "5 V USB powered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
            "location": "General, interface and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Numeric timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected public product specification does not publish a numeric timestamp resolution.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "800 V DC / 500 V AC for 1 min",
          "condition": "Datasheet general specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
            "location": "General, interface and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature / protection",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70°C / IP40",
          "condition": "Public product and datasheet specifications.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
            "location": "General, interface and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No numeric timestamp resolution is published in the selected public specification.",
        "IP40 is not a sealed field rating.",
        "USB transport and driver choice affect host-side timing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus",
      "slug": "hebi-t8-3-plus",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "T8-3+",
      "name": "HEBI T8-3+ Actuator",
      "aliases": [
        "T8–3+"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Series-elastic integrated rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, gear train, elastic element, encoders and controller in a networked continuous-rotation module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A high-speed T8+ series-elastic configuration with continuous and peak torque kept separate.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "4",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "T8-3+ configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "8",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "110",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed; not simultaneous with peak torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "575",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "T8 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Envelope and bore",
          "originalValue": "126 × 74 × 48 mm; 15 mm bore",
          "condition": "T8 family envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "24–48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "T5/T8 family input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "T-Series family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Peak duration and thermal test conditions are not stated in the selected table.",
        "Maximum speed and peak torque are not a simultaneous operating point.",
        "Series elasticity changes the stiffness and bandwidth boundary."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20",
      "slug": "hebi-t25-20",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "T25-20",
      "name": "HEBI T25-20 Actuator",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Series-elastic integrated rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, gear train, elastic element, encoders and controller in a larger networked module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A larger T-Series configuration with 20 N·m continuous torque and a 20 mm through-bore.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "T25-20 configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "40",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "47",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "1.5",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "T25 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Envelope and bore",
          "originalValue": "170 × 105 × 67 mm; 20 mm bore",
          "condition": "T25 family envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "36–48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "T25 family input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t25-20-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "T-Series family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-3+ and T25-20 columns",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Peak duration is not published in the selected table.",
        "Family mass and envelope must be checked against the exact ordered connector and brake options.",
        "Series elasticity makes rigid-gearbox comparisons incomplete."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45",
      "slug": "hebi-h25-45",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "H25-45",
      "name": "HEBI H25-45 Actuator",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated harmonic-drive rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, harmonic-type reduction, encoders and network controller with an optional power-off brake",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A 45 N·m continuous H-Series configuration with published angular accuracy and an optional fail-locked brake.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "45",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "H25-45 configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "90",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "100",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "2.9",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "H25 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "24–48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "H-Series input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock fiber Ethernet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Angular accuracy",
          "originalValue": "0.02",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "None — harmonic-type reducer",
          "condition": "Manufacturer wording; not an independent lost-motion test.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-45-brake",
          "field": "brake",
          "label": "Safety brake option",
          "originalValue": "Optional; locked on power-off",
          "condition": "Optional configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-45 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "“No backlash” does not establish zero torsional compliance or lost motion.",
        "The brake is optional.",
        "Peak duration and cooling assumptions are not stated."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r",
      "slug": "robotis-xh540-w150-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XH540-W150-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XH540-W150-R",
      "aliases": [
        "XH540-W150-T/R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, metal gearing, absolute encoder and embedded Protocol 2.0 controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
      "summary": "A compact high-speed DYNAMIXEL whose voltage-specific stall and no-load endpoints are explicitly not continuous ratings.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The e-Manual publishes momentary stall torque and warns that it differs from continuous and real-world output.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "6.6 / 7.1 / 8.5",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "At 11.1 V and 4.5 A / 12 V and 4.9 A / 14.8 V and 5.9 A respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "66 / 70 / 86",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 11.1 / 12 / 14.8 V respectively; no load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "165",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "152.3:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15 arcmin / 0.25°",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Operating voltage",
          "originalValue": "10–14.8; 12 recommended",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "R variant; T variant uses TTL.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XH540-W150 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w150/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No continuous torque is published in the cited specification.",
        "Stall torque and no-load speed are opposite endpoints, not one operating point.",
        "R and T variants use different physical buses."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r",
      "slug": "robotis-xw540-t260-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XW540-T260-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XW540-T260-R",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Waterproof networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, high-ratio metal gearing, absolute encoder and embedded RS-485 controller in an IP68 enclosure",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
      "summary": "An IP68 DYNAMIXEL with high reduction and voltage-specific stall torque, kept outside continuous-torque comparisons.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The e-Manual publishes momentary stall torque and warns that it differs from continuous and real-world output.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "8.8 / 9.5 / 11.2",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "At 11.1 V and 4.5 A / 12 V and 4.9 A / 14.8 V and 5.9 A respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "37 / 40 / 48",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 11.1 / 12 / 14.8 V respectively; no load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "185",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "260.6:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15 arcmin / 0.25°",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP68; 1 m for 24 h",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-stated immersion condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XW540-T260 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xw540-t260/",
            "location": "Specifications, ingress-protection note and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No continuous torque is published in the cited specification.",
        "Ingress protection does not establish corrosion, dynamic-seal or connector performance in every medium.",
        "Stall torque and no-load speed cannot be combined into mechanical power."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak60-6-v3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK60-6 V3.0 KV80",
      "name": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80",
      "aliases": [
        "AK60-6 V3.0"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 6:1 planetary reduction, magnetic encoder and integrated controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
      "summary": "A compact low-ratio actuator with separate 24 V and 48 V rated-speed rows.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "3",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-rated value; thermal duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "9",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "233 / 490",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-no_load_speed",
          "field": "no_load_speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "320 / 640",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "380",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "6:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder",
          "originalValue": "21-bit magnetic encoder",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage options",
          "originalValue": "24 / 48",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Variant- and mode-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Numeric backlash",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The current page describes the actuator as low-backlash but does not publish a numeric backlash value or a test method in the selected specification boundary.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK60-6 V3.0 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak60-6-v3-0-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Rated and peak thermal durations are not stated.",
        "Speed changes with voltage.",
        "The encoder resolution claim does not establish output-angle accuracy after gearing and compliance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak80-64",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK80-64 KV80",
      "name": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80",
      "aliases": [
        "AK80-64"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated high-ratio planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 64:1 planetary reduction, magnetic encoder and integrated CAN/UART controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
      "summary": "A high-ratio AK actuator with 48 N·m rated torque and a published manufacturer backlash figure.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "48",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Rated current 7 A; duration and cooling method are not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "120",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 19 A; duration not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "23 / 48",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "850",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "64:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "0.18",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder",
          "originalValue": "14-bit magnetic encoder",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN and UART",
          "condition": "Protocol and firmware revision must match the shipped unit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-64 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-64-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Rated-torque duration and thermal setup are not stated.",
        "Backlash is a manufacturer value, not an independent lost-motion curve.",
        "High reduction materially changes backdrivability and efficiency."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6",
      "slug": "cubemars-aka60-6",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AKA60-6 KV80",
      "name": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80",
      "aliases": [
        "AKA60-6"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated hollow-shaft planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 6:1 planetary reduction, hollow shaft, magnetic encoder and CAN/UART controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
      "summary": "A hollow-shaft 6:1 module with a separately published radial-load figure for routing through the joint.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "3",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-rated value; thermal duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "9",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "200 / 400",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "460",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "6:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-radial_load",
          "field": "radial_load",
          "label": "Rated radial load",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page rating; load location and life condition must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder",
          "originalValue": "14-bit magnetic encoder",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN and UART",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Numeric backlash",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The current page uses high-precision control language but does not publish a numeric backlash value or a test method in the selected specification boundary.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AKA60-6 KV80 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/aka60-6-kv80-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Performance parameters and dimensional table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Rated and peak thermal durations are not stated.",
        "The radial-load figure lacks a life curve and load-offset definition in the cited summary.",
        "Encoder bit depth is not output-angle accuracy."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-realsense-d457",
      "slug": "realsense-d457",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-realsense",
      "officialModel": "D457",
      "name": "RealSense Depth Camera D457",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Rugged stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active IR stereo camera with global-shutter sensors, RGB, IMU and GMSL/FAKRA transport",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://realsenseai.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/RealSense-D457-Datasheet-Dec-2025.pdf",
      "summary": "A ruggedized D455-class camera using GMSL/FAKRA for long cable runs and an IP65 enclosure.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.6–6",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-described ideal range, not a hard maximum.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-min_depth",
          "field": "min_depth",
          "label": "Minimum depth at maximum resolution",
          "originalValue": "~0.52",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Mode-dependent Min-Z.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "Up to 1280 × 720; up to 90 fps",
          "condition": "Resolution and frame-rate maxima are listed separately.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "87 × 58",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<2%",
          "condition": "At 4 m; manufacturer product-page condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data and power transport",
          "originalValue": "GMSL over FAKRA; cable length up to 15 m",
          "condition": "Requires compatible serializer/deserializer host hardware.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://realsenseai.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/RealSense-D457-Datasheet-Dec-2025.pdf",
            "location": "D457 depth, GMSL/FAKRA and enclosure specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP65",
          "condition": "Enclosure-level rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d457-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "124 × 26 × 36",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Length × depth × height.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D457 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/d457-gmsl-fakra/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Ideal range is not a guaranteed maximum.",
        "Accuracy is fixed to 4 m and should not be generalized across the range.",
        "GMSL/FAKRA requires a compatible host-side deserializer and does not plug directly into USB."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl",
      "slug": "orbbec-gemini-2-xl",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-orbbec",
      "officialModel": "Gemini 2 XL",
      "name": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Long-range stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active stereo depth system with RGB, IMU, on-camera processing and USB or PoE Gigabit Ethernet transport",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ORBBEC_Datasheet_Gemini-2-XL.pdf",
      "summary": "A long-range active-stereo system with mode-specific working and optimal ranges plus a plane-fit RMS value whose datasheet label is broader than the described metric.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.4–20",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 800 at 10 fps; 640 × 400 at 20 fps",
          "condition": "Separate modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "91 × 65",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Plane-fit RMS claim labeled “Depth Accuracy”",
          "originalValue": "≤2%",
          "condition": "1280 × 800 at 4 m over 81% ROI on a >80% reflectivity plane. The datasheet describes RMS distance to a best-fit plane without a ground-truth reference.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL Datasheet",
            "url": "https://orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/ORBBEC_Datasheet_Gemini-2-XL.pdf",
            "location": "Product Specifications, mode ranges and Depth Accuracy note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data and power interfaces",
          "originalValue": "USB 2 Type-C; PoE Gigabit Ethernet",
          "condition": "OBox and cable configuration affect mass and integration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "External sync and trigger",
          "condition": "Product-level support; achieved timing depends on topology and software.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Average power",
          "originalValue": "<7",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer average-power specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "152 g camera; 279 g OBox",
          "condition": "Subsystem masses are reported separately.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 XL product specifications",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-2xl/",
            "location": "Depth, interface, synchronization, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 20 m working range, 10 m unbinned optimal range and 5 m binned optimal range are different mode boundaries.",
        "The datasheet labels the selected value Depth Accuracy but describes a plane-fit RMS method; RCI does not treat it as absolute Z-accuracy.",
        "Lighting, temperature, warm-up, frame count, firmware, tested-unit count and ground truth are not disclosed for the value.",
        "The camera and OBox masses must both be included when that transport configuration is used."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22",
      "slug": "stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "officialModel": "ZED X Mini 2.2mm",
      "name": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini 2.2mm",
      "aliases": [
        "ZED X Mini"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Rugged GMSL2 stereo camera",
      "architecture": "Dual global-shutter image sensors with GMSL2 transport, IMU and hardware synchronization",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419903255",
      "summary": "The wide-angle 2.2 mm ZED X Mini variant, isolated from other lens options because its maximum range, ideal range and depth-accuracy cells differ.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Maximum and ideal depth range",
          "originalValue": "Max 0.1–8 m; ideal 0.1–4 m",
          "condition": "V1.2 datasheet, ZED X Mini 2.2 mm lens column.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419903255",
            "location": "ZED X Mini 2.2 mm technical specifications column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Stereo output",
          "originalValue": "2 × 1920 × 1200 at 60 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum listed mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "110 × 80 × 120",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical × diagonal; 2.2 mm lens.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data transport",
          "originalValue": "GMSL2",
          "condition": "Requires a compatible GMSL2 capture path.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "Hardware synchronization and trigger",
          "condition": "Feature support; achieved system timing still requires validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-imu",
          "field": "imu",
          "label": "Motion sensing",
          "originalValue": "Built-in IMU",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP67",
          "condition": "Enclosure rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Mini product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x-mini-stereo-camera",
            "location": "2.2 mm lens technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Lens-qualified depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<1.6% at 2 m; <3% at 4 m",
          "condition": "V1.2 datasheet, 2.2 mm lens. Metric definition, target, ROI, acquisition mode and test environment are not disclosed beside the values.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419903255",
            "location": "ZED X Mini 2.2 mm technical specifications column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This record represents only the 2.2 mm lens option.",
        "Maximum and ideal range are different boundaries.",
        "The V1.2 table does not define the accuracy metric or publish a reproducible test setup beside the values.",
        "Depth is computed by host-side software and depends on GPU, SDK and selected mode."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70",
      "slug": "livox-mid-70",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-livox",
      "officialModel": "Mid-70",
      "name": "Livox Mid-70",
      "aliases": [
        "Mid70"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Non-repetitive scanning 3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Single-aperture non-repetitive scanning LiDAR with Ethernet and multi-return output",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
      "summary": "A compact circular-FOV LiDAR with range explicitly separated by reflectivity under 100 klx ambient illumination.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Detection range at 100 klx",
          "originalValue": "90 m @ 10%; 130 m @ 20%; 260 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity under 100 klx ambient illumination.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-min_range",
          "field": "min_range",
          "label": "Minimum range",
          "originalValue": "0.05",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "100,000 single; 200,000 dual",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Return mode changes rate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "70.4 circular",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Circular FOV.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-precision",
          "field": "precision",
          "label": "Range precision",
          "originalValue": "≤2",
          "originalUnit": "cm",
          "condition": "At 20 m, 30% reflectivity and 25°C.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "IEEE 1588-2008 PTPv2, PPS and GPS",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Average power",
          "originalValue": "8",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer average-power value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "580",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Mid-70 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-70/specs",
            "location": "Detection range, point rate, FOV, precision, timing and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-70-independent_registration_error",
          "field": "independent_registration_error",
          "label": "Independent point-cloud registration result",
          "originalValue": "0.018 m static; 0.043 m dynamic",
          "condition": "Proposed registration method; 35 static and 357 moving-platform scans; 0.2 s integration; sensor warmed for more than 30 minutes; returns below 1 m discarded; room dimensions physically referenced.",
          "note": "These are sensor-plus-algorithm mapping results in two disclosed scenes, not an independent validation of the intrinsic ≤2 cm range-precision claim or maximum detection range.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "Non-Repetitive Scanning LiDAR Sensor for Robust 3D Point Cloud Registration in Localization and Mapping Applications",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.3390/s24020378",
            "location": "Sections 5–6 and Table 2: static and dynamic registration experiments",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2024-01-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Range depends strongly on reflectivity and ambient illumination.",
        "Point rate doubles only in dual-return mode.",
        "The 5 cm minimum range does not imply full precision at that distance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ouster-os2",
      "slug": "ouster-os2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ouster",
      "officialModel": "OS2",
      "name": "Ouster OS2 Rev7",
      "aliases": [
        "OS2",
        "OS2-128",
        "OS2 Rev7"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Long-range panoramic 3D LiDAR family",
      "architecture": "Rev7 L3 digitally configurable spinning multi-beam LiDAR family with Ethernet output",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/hardware-user-manual/hardware-user-manual-rev7-os2.pdf",
      "summary": "The long-range Rev7 OS2 family, with target-qualified detection and firmware-dependent maximum representable range kept separate.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-product_revision",
          "field": "product_revision",
          "label": "Hardware revision",
          "originalValue": "Rev7",
          "condition": "The hardware user manual explicitly limits its scope to Rev7 OS2 sensors.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS2 Hardware User Manual",
            "url": "https://data.ouster.io/downloads/hardware-user-manual/hardware-user-manual-rev7-os2.pdf",
            "location": "Section 2.1: Rev7 product-family boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range at 10% target",
          "originalValue": "200",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Rev7 OS2 headline range at a 10% target.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-max_range",
          "field": "max_range",
          "label": "Maximum representable range",
          "originalValue": "404 typical / 381 minimum",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Rev7 OS2 with firmware 2.5.x at 0.25×, 0.5× or 1× signal multiplier; returns beyond this boundary may alias. This is not a target-detection claim.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Sensor Operations — maximum representable range",
            "url": "https://docs.ouster.com/sensor-docs/image_route1/image_route3/sensor_operations/sensor-operations.html",
            "location": "Maximum Representation Range For Rev6/Rev7 OS2 (FW v2.5.x)",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev7 / firmware 2.5.x"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Maximum channel configuration",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "condition": "OS2 family option.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Maximum point rate",
          "originalValue": "2.62 million",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Highest listed family configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Vertical field of view",
          "originalValue": "22.5",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal coverage is panoramic in the spinning configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-scan_rate",
          "field": "scan_rate",
          "label": "Maximum frame rate",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Operating-mode dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-precision",
          "field": "precision",
          "label": "Range precision",
          "originalValue": "±2",
          "originalUnit": "cm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer maximum-precision statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os2-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power under a fixed mode",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected current product summary does not provide a mode-specific power value suitable for this comparison record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster Rev7 OS sensor overview",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/rev-7",
            "location": "OS2 performance summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Rev7"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "OS2 Rev7 is a configurable family rather than one fixed SKU.",
        "The 200 m target-qualified range and 404 m typical representable boundary are different quantities and must not be divided into a performance ratio.",
        "Representable range changes with firmware and signal multiplier, and returns beyond the boundary may alias.",
        "Maximum point rate, maximum frame rate and range may not occur in one configuration."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128",
      "slug": "hesai-qt128",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hesai",
      "officialModel": "QT128",
      "name": "Hesai QT128",
      "aliases": [
        "QT128C2X"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Wide-vertical-FOV panoramic 3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "128-channel rotating LiDAR with Ethernet, multi-return output and PTP synchronization",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
      "summary": "A 128-channel near-field sensor with current official conflicts in point rate and mass, plus channel-specific, light-bounded range conditions.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Instrumented range",
          "originalValue": "0.05–50",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Instrumented range; detection range is reflectivity- and channel-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
            "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
            "published": "2026-04-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-range_10pct",
          "field": "range_10pct",
          "label": "Detection range at 10% reflectivity",
          "originalValue": "20 m for channels 9–120; 15 m for channels 1–8 and 121–128",
          "condition": "Normal incidence; 0–100 klx ambient illumination; probability of detection >90%; false-alarm rate <10E-5.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
            "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
            "published": "2026-04-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Channels",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
            "location": "Current performance specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Single-return point rate",
          "originalValue": "1,152,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Current product page value; Q03 manual dated 2026-04-10 lists 864,000 points/s.",
          "note": "RCI preserves both official values until Hesai ties the current page to a hardware or firmware revision.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
            "location": "Current performance specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
              "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
              "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
              "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
              "published": "2026-04-10"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "hesai-qt128-point-rate-revision"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "360 × 105.2",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
            "location": "Current performance specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-scan_rate",
          "field": "scan_rate",
          "label": "Frame rate",
          "originalValue": "10 / 20",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Operating-mode dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
            "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
            "published": "2026-04-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "PTP",
          "condition": "Protocol support; achieved timing depends on the system clock path.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
            "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
            "published": "2026-04-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power consumption",
          "originalValue": "12",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer typical/nominal specification in the cited technical material.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
            "location": "Current performance specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-qt128-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "700",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Current product page value; Q03 manual dated 2026-04-10 lists 900 ± 15 g.",
          "note": "The 200 g discrepancy may reflect a product revision or configuration, but neither current source identifies that boundary. RCI preserves both values pending manufacturer clarification.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai QT128 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/qt128/",
            "location": "Current performance specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "Hesai QT128C2X User Manual",
              "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/05/QT128C2X_User_manual_Q03-en-260410.pdf",
              "location": "Section 1.5 specifications and notes; Appendix A channel data",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
              "revision": "Q03 / 2026-04-10",
              "published": "2026-04-10"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "hesai-qt128-mass-revision"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Point rate and mass each conflict between the current product page and current Q03 manual; neither difference is normalized away.",
        "Detection range depends on reflectivity, vertical channel, ambient illumination and the stated probability/false-alarm criteria.",
        "Frame rate and point rate must be matched to hardware, firmware and return mode."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102",
      "slug": "basler-blaze-102",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-basler",
      "officialModel": "blaze-102",
      "name": "Basler blaze-102",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Industrial time-of-flight 3D camera",
      "architecture": "VGA indirect time-of-flight camera with GigE transport and hardware/software/PTP synchronization",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
      "summary": "A ToF camera with distinct short- and long-range modes and a fixed-condition accuracy row.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Working range",
          "originalValue": "0.3–1.5 m short mode; 0.3–10 m long mode",
          "condition": "Two separate operating modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "640 × 480; 20 fps default / 30 fps fast",
          "condition": "Frame rate depends on acquisition mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "67 × 51",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "±5",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "At 0.5–5.5 m under the documentation’s specified operating conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "originalValue": "Gigabit Ethernet",
          "condition": "Industrial Ethernet camera transport.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization and trigger",
          "originalValue": "Free run, IEEE 1588 PTP, software and hardware trigger",
          "condition": "Supported modes; system timing still requires validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-102-architecture_detail",
          "field": "architecture_detail",
          "label": "Depth architecture",
          "originalValue": "Indirect time of flight; 640 × 480 sensor",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-102 documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-102",
            "location": "Camera specification table and operating modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Short- and long-range modes are different configurations.",
        "Accuracy applies only to a bounded distance interval and test condition.",
        "ToF multipath and target reflectivity are application-specific error sources not reduced to one datasheet value."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133",
      "slug": "sick-multiscan136-1140133",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-sick",
      "officialModel": "MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136",
      "name": "SICK multiScan136 (1140133)",
      "aliases": [
        "multiScan100",
        "MULS1AA-112211"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Multi-layer panoramic 3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Sixteen-layer rotating LiDAR with Ethernet output, multi-echo processing, IMU and PTP",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
      "summary": "An exact multiScan136 ordering-code record with reflectivity and ambient-light range conditions attached.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Scanning range",
          "originalValue": "10 m @ 10% / 100 klx; 12 m @ 10% / 10 klx; 15 m @ 90% / 100 klx; 30 m @ 90% / 10 klx",
          "condition": "Detection probability greater than 99%; reflectivity and ambient-light conditions preserved.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-working_range",
          "field": "working_range",
          "label": "Instrumented working range",
          "originalValue": "0.05–60",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Not equivalent to the reflectivity-qualified scanning range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Scanning layers",
          "originalValue": "16",
          "condition": "Two 0.125° high-resolution layers and fourteen wider-resolution layers in this configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "360 × 65",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical; vertical span 22.5° to −42.5°.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Measurement point rate",
          "originalValue": "216,000–648,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Depends on number of evaluated echoes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-returns",
          "field": "returns",
          "label": "Evaluated echoes",
          "originalValue": "3",
          "condition": "Multi-echo configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-scan_rate",
          "field": "scan_rate",
          "label": "Scanning frequency",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Part number 1140133.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Timing support",
          "originalValue": "PTP",
          "condition": "Feature list for this ordering code; achieved synchronization still requires system validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK MULS1AA-112211 multiScan136 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/pdf/2/32/032/dataSheet_MULS1AA-112211-multiScan136_1140133_en.pdf",
            "location": "Detailed technical data for part number 1140133",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-08"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This record applies to part number 1140133, not every multiScan100 variant.",
        "Working range and scanning range are different definitions.",
        "Point rate changes with the number of echoes."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb",
      "slug": "nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-nvidia",
      "officialModel": "Jetson Orin Nano 8GB",
      "name": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano 8GB",
      "aliases": [
        "Jetson Orin Nano 8 GB"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded AI system-on-module",
      "architecture": "Ampere GPU, six-core Arm Cortex-A78AE CPU and LPDDR5 memory in a production SoM",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
      "summary": "An entry Orin module whose Super-mode figures require JetPack 6.2 and a compatible power and thermal configuration.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "6-core Arm Cortex-A78AE up to 1.7 GHz",
          "condition": "Super-mode column.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin Nano 8GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "67 sparse / 33 dense INT8 TOPS",
          "condition": "Super mode with JetPack 6.2; sparsity and precision conditions preserved.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin Nano 8GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "8 GB 128-bit LPDDR5; 102 GB/s",
          "condition": "8 GB module, Super-mode column.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin Nano 8GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Module power modes",
          "originalValue": "15 W / 25 W / MAXN SUPER",
          "condition": "JetPack 6.2 Super-mode configuration; carrier and peripherals are additional loads.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin Nano 8GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "CSI camera input",
          "originalValue": "Up to 4 cameras; 8 virtual channels over 8 MIPI CSI-2 lanes",
          "condition": "Module capability; carrier routing determines exposed connectors.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Solving Entry-Level Edge AI Challenges with NVIDIA Jetson Orin Nano",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/solving-entry-level-edge-ai-challenges-with-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano/",
            "location": "Module architecture and camera-interface summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Super-mode software baseline",
          "originalValue": "JetPack 6.2",
          "condition": "Required for the cited Super-mode performance table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/?p=95089",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin Nano 8GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Published availability",
          "originalValue": "Available through January 2032",
          "condition": "NVIDIA Jetson lifecycle table; not a warranty of distributor stock.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson Product Lifecycle",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/lifecycle",
            "location": "Jetson Orin Nano 8GB availability table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb-independent_energy_benchmark",
          "field": "independent_energy_benchmark",
          "label": "Independent AI-benchmark energy result",
          "originalValue": "31.8 J CUDA; 28.3 J SYCL (12% lower)",
          "condition": "Jetson Orin Nano 8 GB board at 15 W with JetPack 5.1.2; tegrastats package measurement across the paper’s four HeCBench AI tests using the cited CUDA and SYCL implementations.",
          "note": "The result is workload-, implementation- and software-version-specific; it is not a Super-mode TOPS validation or a whole-robot power measurement.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "SYCL in the edge: performance and energy evaluation for heterogeneous acceleration",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-024-05957-6",
            "location": "Table 1, Section 4 and Section 5.3: 8 GB board configuration and AI-benchmark energy results",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2024-03-16"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Sparse and dense INT8 TOPS are not workload throughput.",
        "Super mode requires the stated software and a carrier, power supply and thermal path that support it.",
        "Module camera capability is not the same as exposed carrier-board ports."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3",
      "slug": "qualcomm-robotics-rb3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-qualcomm",
      "officialModel": "Robotics RB3 Platform",
      "name": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform",
      "aliases": [
        "RB3 Platform"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Robotics development platform",
      "architecture": "SDA845-based development platform with Kryo CPU, Adreno GPU, Hexagon DSP and Spectra ISP",
      "lifecycleStatus": "unknown",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.qualcomm.com/internet-of-things/products/qualcomm-robotics-rb3-platform",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
      "summary": "A legacy-generation robotics development platform retained as a distinct record from the newer RB3 Gen 2 family.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-processor",
          "field": "processor",
          "label": "Platform processor",
          "originalValue": "Qualcomm SDA845",
          "condition": "Original RB3 Platform, not RB3 Gen 2.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "8-core Qualcomm Kryo 385 up to 2.8 GHz",
          "condition": "Platform product brief.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "Accelerator architecture",
          "originalValue": "Hexagon 685 DSP and Adreno 630 GPU",
          "condition": "No single comparable TOPS claim is supplied in the cited brief.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "8 GB LPDDR4x at 1866 MHz",
          "condition": "Development-platform configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera processing",
          "originalValue": "Spectra 280 ISP; up to 32 MP single or 16 MP dual camera",
          "condition": "Sensor, mode and board routing constraints still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Software baseline",
          "originalValue": "Linux and ROS support",
          "condition": "Version compatibility must be checked against current downloadable images.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform product page",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/internet-of-things/products/qualcomm-robotics-rb3-platform",
            "location": "Platform features and specification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-wireless",
          "field": "wireless",
          "label": "Wireless",
          "originalValue": "Wi-Fi 5 and Bluetooth 5",
          "condition": "Platform configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/robotics-rb3-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform architecture, camera, memory and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Exact end-of-support date",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited official platform page does not publish a dated end-of-support commitment for this original RB3 generation.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB3 Platform product page",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/internet-of-things/products/qualcomm-robotics-rb3-platform",
            "location": "Platform features and specification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is the original SDA845 RB3, not RB3 Gen 2.",
        "Linux and ROS version support changes over time and requires image-level verification.",
        "The official page does not provide an exact end-of-support date."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox",
      "slug": "advantech-mic-713-ox",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-advantech",
      "officialModel": "MIC-713-OX",
      "name": "Advantech MIC-713-OX",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Fanless Jetson Orin NX edge computer family",
      "architecture": "Fanless industrial system integrating an NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX module, storage and carrier I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.advantech.com/emt/products/965e4edb-fb98-429e-89ed-9a0a8435a7be/mic-713-ox/mod_6d301c11-8606-44ce-8179-b31753b59c23",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
      "summary": "A rugged Orin NX system family whose memory, CPU and optional GMSL configuration depend on ordering code.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU configuration",
          "originalValue": "8-core for 16 GB module / 6-core for 8 GB module",
          "condition": "Ordering-dependent Orin NX configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "Up to 157 TOPS",
          "condition": "Current datasheet with Super mode and JetPack 6.2 or above; current product page still states up to 100 TOPS.",
          "note": "RCI preserves both current official values until Advantech aligns the page and datasheet or ties each value to an ordering code.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX product page",
              "url": "https://www.advantech.com/emt/products/965e4edb-fb98-429e-89ed-9a0a8435a7be/mic-713-ox/mod_6d301c11-8606-44ce-8179-b31753b59c23",
              "location": "Features and ordering-dependent system specifications",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "advantech-mic713-tops-revision"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory options",
          "originalValue": "8 GB / 16 GB",
          "condition": "Ordered Jetson Orin NX module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-networking",
          "field": "networking",
          "label": "Networking",
          "originalValue": "2 × Gigabit Ethernet",
          "condition": "Base system.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-usb",
          "field": "usb",
          "label": "USB",
          "originalValue": "6 × USB 3.2 Gen 2",
          "condition": "System-exposed ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Optional GMSL expansion",
          "originalValue": "4 channels",
          "condition": "Optional expansion, not present in every ordered unit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "9–36",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "System input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "194.8 × 174.3 × 65.85",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "System enclosure.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-713-OX Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-713-OX/file/MIC-713-OX_DS%28073026%2920260730173342.pdf",
            "location": "System, I/O, expansion, power and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-07-30"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a configurable system family rather than one immutable BOM.",
        "The current page and current datasheet disagree on the headline TOPS value.",
        "GMSL is optional and must be present in the ordered configuration."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai",
      "slug": "aaeon-boxer-8646ai",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-aaeon",
      "officialModel": "BOXER-8646AI",
      "name": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Jetson AGX Orin machine-vision computer",
      "architecture": "Industrial system integrating Jetson AGX Orin 32 GB with twelve PoE camera ports and isolated field I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/p/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8646ai",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
      "summary": "A camera-dense AGX Orin system with twelve PoE ports, dual CAN FD and a constrained 19–24 V input range.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-processor",
          "field": "processor",
          "label": "Compute module",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 32 GB",
          "condition": "Manual configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "32 GB LPDDR5",
          "condition": "Integrated module configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "On-module storage",
          "originalValue": "64 GB eMMC",
          "condition": "Expansion storage is separate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "PoE camera networking",
          "originalValue": "12 × Gigabit Ethernet PoE",
          "condition": "System ports; aggregate bandwidth and PoE budget require design review.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-networking",
          "field": "networking",
          "label": "Additional Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "1 × 10 GbE and 1 × GbE",
          "condition": "Separate from twelve PoE ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-fieldbus",
          "field": "fieldbus",
          "label": "CAN interfaces",
          "originalValue": "2 × CAN FD",
          "condition": "System-exposed interfaces.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "19–24",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "System input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +50",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "With 0.5 m/s airflow according to the manual.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "JetPack baseline",
          "originalValue": "JetPack 5.0 or later",
          "condition": "Manual baseline; exact image availability must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8646AI User Manual",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/MANUAL/BOXER-8646AI%20Manual%202nd%20Ed.pdf",
            "location": "Chapter 1 system, I/O, power, environmental and mechanical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Second edition"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The temperature rating requires stated airflow.",
        "Twelve PoE ports do not guarantee simultaneous full-rate vision workloads or unlimited PoE budget.",
        "JetPack compatibility must be checked against AAEON’s current system image."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012",
      "slug": "seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-seeed",
      "officialModel": "reComputer Mini J4012",
      "name": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini J4012",
      "aliases": [
        "J4012"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Compact Jetson Orin NX edge computer",
      "architecture": "Compact carrier and enclosure built around a Jetson Orin NX 16 GB module with NVMe storage",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
      "summary": "A compact Orin NX system with dual CAN and preinstalled NVMe storage; its published TOPS figure predates later Super-mode tables.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-processor",
          "field": "processor",
          "label": "Compute module",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16 GB",
          "condition": "J4012 configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "100 TOPS",
          "condition": "Product-guide value; not updated here to NVIDIA Super-mode figures.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "16 GB LPDDR5",
          "condition": "Integrated Orin NX module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "NVMe storage",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "originalUnit": "GB",
          "condition": "J4012 bundled configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-usb",
          "field": "usb",
          "label": "USB ports",
          "originalValue": "Up to 7",
          "condition": "Mixed USB types and speeds; inspect the port map.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-fieldbus",
          "field": "fieldbus",
          "label": "CAN interfaces",
          "originalValue": "2 × CAN",
          "condition": "System-exposed interfaces.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-networking",
          "field": "networking",
          "label": "Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "Gigabit Ethernet",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "63 × 95 × 42",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Enclosure dimensions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Software baseline",
          "originalValue": "JetPack 6.0",
          "condition": "Guide baseline; exact image and Super-mode support require current verification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Mini getting-started guide",
            "url": "https://wiki.seeedstudio.com/recomputer_jetson_mini_getting_started/",
            "location": "J4012 hardware overview and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product-guide TOPS figure is retained as published and is not silently replaced with a later module headline.",
        "USB count spans different connector types and speeds.",
        "Carrier power, thermal and image support determine whether newer module modes are usable."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it",
      "slug": "toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-toradex",
      "officialModel": "Verdin iMX95 Hexa 8GB WB IT",
      "name": "Toradex Verdin iMX95 Hexa 8GB WB IT",
      "aliases": [
        "Verdin iMX95 8GB WB IT"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial wireless system-on-module",
      "architecture": "NXP i.MX95 SoC with six Cortex-A55 application cores, Cortex-M7/M33 real-time cores, NPU and onboard wireless",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/verdin-som-family/modules/verdin-imx95/",
      "summary": "An i.MX95 Verdin configuration whose public revision table exposes active EOL and replacement churn rather than hiding it.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU architecture",
          "originalValue": "6 × Arm Cortex-A55 up to 1.8 GHz; Cortex-M7 and Cortex-M33",
          "condition": "SoC capability; module thermal limits still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NXP i.MX 95 Applications Processors product page",
            "url": "https://www.nxp.com/products/i.MX95",
            "location": "i.MX 95 CPU, NPU and real-time processor summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "NPU performance",
          "originalValue": "2 TOPS",
          "condition": "NXP i.MX95 NPU headline; precision and workload conditions require model-level validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NXP i.MX 95 Applications Processors product page",
            "url": "https://www.nxp.com/products/i.MX95",
            "location": "i.MX 95 CPU, NPU and real-time processor summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "8 GB",
          "condition": "Exact Hexa 8GB WB IT configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX95 module overview",
            "url": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/verdin-som-family/modules/verdin-imx95/",
            "location": "Module feature, memory, wireless and product-revision tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-wireless",
          "field": "wireless",
          "label": "Wireless",
          "originalValue": "Wi-Fi 6 and Bluetooth 5.4",
          "condition": "WB configuration using the documented MAYA-W260 module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex MAYA-W260 Wi-Fi and Bluetooth module",
            "url": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/hardware-resources/peripherals/wireless/ublox-maya-w260-wi-fi-bluetooth-module/",
            "location": "Wireless standards used on Verdin iMX95 WB variants",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Published module revision chain",
          "originalValue": "V1.0A EOL; V1.0B March 2026; V1.0C Q2 2026; V1.1A Q3 2026 planned",
          "condition": "Dates and status copied from the current Toradex revision table; planned dates can move.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX95 module overview",
            "url": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/verdin-som-family/modules/verdin-imx95/",
            "location": "Module feature, memory, wireless and product-revision tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Toradex software path",
          "originalValue": "Torizon / Toradex BSP ecosystem",
          "condition": "Exact release support must be matched to module revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX95 module overview",
            "url": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/verdin-som-family/modules/verdin-imx95/",
            "location": "Module feature, memory, wireless and product-revision tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Carrier-exposed camera connectors",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "A SoM does not define the connectors exposed by the selected carrier board.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX95 module overview",
            "url": "https://developer.toradex.com/hardware/verdin-som-family/modules/verdin-imx95/",
            "location": "Module feature, memory, wireless and product-revision tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product-revision schedule includes planned dates and may change.",
        "A SoM requires a carrier board; connector and power exposure are carrier-specific.",
        "The 2-TOPS NPU headline is not an application benchmark."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-rrc2057",
      "slug": "rrc2057",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-rrc",
      "officialModel": "RRC2057",
      "name": "RRC power solutions RRC2057",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Removable smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "Two-series lithium-ion smart pack with protection electronics and SMBus communication",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2057",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
      "summary": "A compact 7.2 V smart pack with a published 9.5 A discharge ceiling and transport/safety standards list.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "7.2",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Pack nominal value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Typical capacity",
          "originalValue": "6.9",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Datasheet capacity value; application discharge rate and temperature affect usable capacity.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "49.7",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "9.5",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Subject to pack protection and thermal limits.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "condition": "Smart-battery interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "230",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-temperature",
          "field": "temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "0 to +45 charge; −20 to +60 discharge",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Charge and discharge windows differ.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2057-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Safety and transport evidence",
          "originalValue": "IEC 62133, UL 2054 and UN 38.3 listed",
          "condition": "Verify current reports and exact ordered pack before shipment or certification use.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2057 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2057.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, communication, environmental and safety specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Nominal energy is not usable robot runtime.",
        "Protection trips, connector resistance and temperature affect deliverable power.",
        "Standards listed in a datasheet do not replace current report and lot-level documentation."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22",
      "slug": "inspired-nl2024hd22",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "officialModel": "NL2024HD22",
      "name": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22",
      "aliases": [
        "NL2024"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Legacy removable smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "Four-series, three-parallel 18650 smart pack with twelve cells, protection and a defined connector family",
      "lifecycleStatus": "legacy",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
      "summary": "A 95 Wh legacy smart pack whose product page explicitly recommends newer NH-series choices for new designs.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.4",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Pack nominal value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Rated capacity",
          "originalValue": "6.6",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Product-page value; test method should be confirmed in the current specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "95",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "8",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Product-page limit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-max_power",
          "field": "max_power",
          "label": "Maximum continuous power",
          "originalValue": "80",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value; current and voltage limits still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-cell_configuration",
          "field": "cell_configuration",
          "label": "Cell configuration",
          "originalValue": "12 × 18650; 4S3P",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-published pack construction.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-connector",
          "field": "connector",
          "label": "Connector family",
          "originalValue": "TE Connectivity AMP 5787422-1 / 5787446-1",
          "condition": "Mate and polarization must be checked against the host design.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "New-design guidance",
          "originalValue": "NH2054 or NH2034 recommended; RH2024 listed as an alternative",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page recommendation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NL2024HD22 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/101-nl2024hd22",
            "location": "Electrical, construction, connector and new-design recommendation fields",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The manufacturer does not recommend this legacy model for new designs.",
        "Connector family does not establish cable assembly, pinout or mate availability by itself.",
        "Nominal watt-hours do not establish usable energy at an 80 W load."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a",
      "slug": "molicel-p42a",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-molicel",
      "officialModel": "INR-21700-P42A",
      "name": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A",
      "aliases": [
        "P42A"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "High-power cylindrical lithium-ion cell",
      "architecture": "Unprotected 21700 cylindrical lithium-ion cell intended as an input to engineered battery packs",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p42a/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.molicel.com/wp-content/uploads/INR21700P42A-V4-80092.pdf",
      "summary": "A 4.2 Ah high-power cell with an unusually explicit manufacturer warning about unauthorized retail channels.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "3.6",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Cell nominal value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p42a/",
            "location": "Electrical, gravimetric and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Typical capacity",
          "originalValue": "4.2",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Datasheet test condition governs the value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/wp-content/uploads/INR21700P42A-V4-80092.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical characteristics, dimensions, mass and discharge limit",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V4-80092"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Typical energy",
          "originalValue": "15.5",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer value, not usable pack energy.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p42a/",
            "location": "Electrical, gravimetric and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "45",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Cell-level limit under datasheet conditions; pack thermal design and protection remain required.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/wp-content/uploads/INR21700P42A-V4-80092.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical characteristics, dimensions, mass and discharge limit",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V4-80092"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Maximum mass",
          "originalValue": "70",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/wp-content/uploads/INR21700P42A-V4-80092.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical characteristics, dimensions, mass and discharge limit",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V4-80092"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-specific_energy",
          "field": "specific_energy",
          "label": "Gravimetric energy density",
          "originalValue": "230",
          "originalUnit": "Wh/kg",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p42a/",
            "location": "Electrical, gravimetric and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Listed documentation",
          "originalValue": "UL, UN, IEC and SDS documents listed",
          "condition": "Confirm exact certificate and revision for transport or compliance work.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p42a/",
            "location": "Electrical, gravimetric and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-supply_chain",
          "field": "supply_chain",
          "label": "Supply-chain warning",
          "originalValue": "Unauthorized European retail units identified as counterfeit by Molicel",
          "condition": "Manufacturer statement dated 2025-11-17; buy through authorized channels and verify traceability.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel Counterfeit Certification and Product Statement",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/newsroom/molicel-counterfeit-certification-and-product-statement/",
            "location": "Unauthorized-channel warning for European retail markets",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "published": "2025-11-17"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Pack communication",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "A bare cylindrical cell has no pack-level communication or protection interface.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P42A Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/wp-content/uploads/INR21700P42A-V4-80092.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical characteristics, dimensions, mass and discharge limit",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V4-80092"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p42a-independent_characterization_dataset",
          "field": "independent_characterization_dataset",
          "label": "Independent cell-characterization dataset",
          "originalValue": "45 cells screened; 12 cells characterized at 5°C, 25°C and 40°C",
          "condition": "Phase 1 measured capacity and pulse resistance at 25°C. Phase 2 applied constant-discharge, high-C-rate pulse/GITT and impedance tests to 12 selected cells at all three temperatures.",
          "note": "This verifies the disclosed dataset and test scope; it does not certify the manufacturer’s 45 A limit, pack-level behavior or all production cells.",
          "evidence": "V",
          "source": {
            "title": "High-power lithium-ion battery characterization dataset for stochastic battery modeling",
            "url": "https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-025-05725-y",
            "location": "Methods and Figures 1–2: P42A screening and three-temperature characterization protocol",
            "provenance": "academic-paper",
            "published": "2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This cell is not a complete robot battery pack.",
        "The 45 A figure requires pack-level electrical, thermal and safety engineering.",
        "Supply-channel traceability is material because the manufacturer has published a counterfeit warning."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24",
      "slug": "ultralife-ubbl24",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ultralife",
      "officialModel": "UBBL24",
      "name": "Ultralife UBBL24",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "Rechargeable lithium-ion pack offered with multiple terminal configurations and no published data interface",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/product/ubbl24/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
      "summary": "A 41 Wh pack with a C/5 capacity basis, published cycle threshold and multiple terminal variants.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Average voltage",
          "originalValue": "7.2",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Manufacturer average-voltage value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Rated capacity",
          "originalValue": "5.7",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "C/5 discharge at 23 ±2°C.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "41",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "3",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Manufacturer pack limit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "191",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-cycle_life",
          "field": "cycle_life",
          "label": "Cycle life",
          "originalValue": ">300 cycles to 80% initial capacity",
          "condition": "C/5 cycling under the datasheet condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-temperature",
          "field": "temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Pack operating range; charging may require narrower controls.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-connector",
          "field": "connector",
          "label": "Terminal options",
          "originalValue": "Multiple terminal variants",
          "condition": "Exact suffix and mechanical terminal must be fixed in the BOM.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Pack communication",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected datasheet does not publish an SMBus, CAN or other pack data interface.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBBL24 Technical Datasheet",
            "url": "https://ultralifecorporation.com/wp-content/uploads/2025/12/TDS_UBBL24.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, cycle, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "December 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Capacity and cycle claims are tied to C/5 conditions.",
        "Terminal variant must be frozen in the BOM.",
        "No pack communication is published in the selected datasheet."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3",
      "slug": "kvaser-leaf-v3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "Kvaser Leaf v3",
      "name": "Kvaser Leaf v3",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Single-channel USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "USB 2.0 host adapter with one isolated classical CAN/CAN FD channel and onboard timestamping",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
      "summary": "A current single-channel CAN FD adapter identified by Kvaser as the successor generation to Leaf Light HS v2.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "Single-channel interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "20–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "CAN FD mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 2.0",
          "condition": "Host scheduling and driver behavior still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "50",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Onboard timestamp specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-message_rate",
          "field": "message_rate",
          "label": "Maximum message rate",
          "originalValue": "20,000",
          "originalUnit": "messages/s",
          "condition": "Manufacturer interface specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "Yes",
          "condition": "CAN bus side.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver support",
          "originalValue": "Windows and Linux",
          "condition": "Exact kernel, distribution and driver release require current verification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Leaf v3 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Protocol, performance, interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Generation relationship",
          "originalValue": "Successor to Kvaser Leaf Light HS v2",
          "condition": "Manufacturer introduction statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Introducing the Kvaser Leaf v3",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/introducing-the-kvaser-leaf-v3/",
            "location": "Generation change and Leaf Light HS v2 successor statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "A USB adapter does not make host scheduling deterministic.",
        "CAN FD support does not imply CANopen FD or a device-specific application protocol.",
        "Operating-system support must be checked against the current driver package."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs",
      "slug": "kvaser-ethercan-hs",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "Kvaser Ethercan HS",
      "name": "Kvaser Ethercan HS",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Single-channel Ethernet-to-CAN interface",
      "architecture": "100BASE-TX Ethernet gateway with one isolated classical CAN channel, REST/t scripting and local timestamping",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
      "summary": "A network-attached classical-CAN interface that broadens the comparison beyond USB while preserving its lack of CAN FD.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "Single high-speed CAN channel.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "40–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD support",
          "originalValue": "No",
          "condition": "Selected Ethercan HS record is classical CAN.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "100BASE-TX Ethernet",
          "condition": "Network transport rather than USB.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "25",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Onboard timestamp specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "Yes",
          "condition": "CAN bus side.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power input",
          "originalValue": "PoE or 9–35 VDC",
          "condition": "Power-source alternatives.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Remote programming interfaces",
          "originalValue": "REST API and t programs",
          "condition": "Feature support; application design determines latency and recovery.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser Ethercan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-ethercan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, Ethernet, timing, power and software specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This product does not support CAN FD.",
        "Ethernet transport changes the latency, security and recovery boundary.",
        "REST/t-script support does not establish deterministic end-to-end control timing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs",
      "slug": "kvaser-pciecan-hs",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS",
      "name": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Single-channel PCI Express classical-CAN interface",
      "architecture": "PCI Express adapter with one isolated high-speed classical CAN channel",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
      "summary": "An internal PCIe classical-CAN interface whose selected product page omits numeric timestamp resolution.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "Single high-speed CAN channel.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "20–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD support",
          "originalValue": "No",
          "condition": "Selected PCIEcan HS record is classical CAN.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "PCI Express",
          "condition": "Internal expansion-card interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Numeric timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected official product page does not publish a numeric timestamp resolution.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "Yes",
          "condition": "CAN bus side.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-message_rate",
          "field": "message_rate",
          "label": "Message throughput",
          "originalValue": "14,000 receive / 18,000 send",
          "originalUnit": "messages/s",
          "condition": "Manufacturer interface specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver support",
          "originalValue": "Windows and Linux",
          "condition": "Exact current driver compatibility requires verification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser PCIEcan HS product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-pciecan-hs/",
            "location": "Protocol, PCIe, isolation, message-rate and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This product does not support CAN FD.",
        "Numeric timestamp resolution is not published in the selected page.",
        "PCIe form factor and host-slot compatibility must be checked against the robot computer."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
      "slug": "ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hms",
      "officialModel": "Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact",
      "name": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact",
      "aliases": [
        "USB-to-CAN V2 compact"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Single-channel USB classical-CAN interface",
      "architecture": "USB 2.0 adapter with one isolated high-speed classical CAN channel and onboard timestamping",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0281-12002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747905327/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0281.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-V2-compact.pdf",
      "summary": "A compact classical-CAN adapter with quantified isolation but only qualitative timestamp language in the selected documents.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "Single high-speed CAN channel.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0281-12002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
            "location": "Protocol, host, isolation and driver specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "High-speed CAN according to ISO 11898-2.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact Datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747905327/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0281.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-V2-compact.pdf",
            "location": "D-Sub variant interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD support",
          "originalValue": "No",
          "condition": "Selected V2 compact record is classical CAN.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0281-12002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
            "location": "Protocol, host, isolation and driver specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 2.0 Hi-Speed, 480 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Host scheduling and driver behavior still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact Datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747905327/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0281.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-V2-compact.pdf",
            "location": "D-Sub variant interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Numeric timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected official specifications describe high-precision timestamping but do not publish a numeric resolution.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0281-12002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
            "location": "Protocol, host, isolation and driver specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Isolation withstand",
          "originalValue": "1 kV DC for 1 s / 500 V AC for 1 min",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact Datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747905327/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0281.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-V2-compact.pdf",
            "location": "D-Sub variant interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver interfaces",
          "originalValue": "Windows VCI; Linux ECI / SocketCAN",
          "condition": "Exact current distribution and kernel support must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0281-12002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact",
            "location": "Protocol, host, isolation and driver specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 compact Datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747905327/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0281.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-V2-compact.pdf",
            "location": "D-Sub variant interface, isolation and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This V2 compact record does not support CAN FD.",
        "Timestamp precision is not numerically specified.",
        "The product page and cited D-Sub datasheet use different connector/order-number variants; the exact connector must be frozen in the BOM."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114",
      "slug": "st-l99bm114",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-stmicroelectronics",
      "officialModel": "L99BM114-TR",
      "name": "STMicroelectronics L99BM114",
      "aliases": [
        "L99BM114"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC",
      "architecture": "4-to-14-series-cell battery-monitoring AFE with parallel cell-voltage conversion, shunt-current ADC, passive balancing, isolated daisy chain and SPI",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.st.com/en/power-management/l99bm114.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
      "summary": "A battery-monitoring IC relevant to robot pack design whose public datasheet quantifies ADC, balancing and communication boundaries, while the cited humanoid transient article does not release raw traces or a complete test method.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-cell_count",
          "field": "cell_count",
          "label": "Series cells monitored",
          "originalValue": "4–14",
          "originalUnit": "cells",
          "condition": "One L99BM114 device.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-stack_voltage",
          "field": "stack_voltage",
          "label": "Maximum battery stack voltage",
          "originalValue": "64",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Datasheet headline operating boundary; circuit design must retain pin-level limits.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-cell_voltage_input_range",
          "field": "cell_voltage_input_range",
          "label": "Cell-voltage measurement range",
          "originalValue": "0.1–5.0",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Electrical-characteristics boundary for VCELL.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-cell_voltage_resolution",
          "field": "cell_voltage_resolution",
          "label": "Cell-voltage ADC resolution",
          "originalValue": "89",
          "originalUnit": "µV",
          "condition": "Datasheet design-information value; the table marks this entry as not tested.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-cell_voltage_accuracy",
          "field": "cell_voltage_accuracy",
          "label": "Cell-voltage accuracy plus drift",
          "originalValue": "±2",
          "originalUnit": "mV",
          "condition": "VCELL 3.2–4.3 V and ambient −40 to +105°C; retain all datasheet test and supply conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-current_adc",
          "field": "current_adc",
          "label": "Current ADC",
          "originalValue": "18-bit differential ADC; ±150 mV input range",
          "condition": "Shunt-based current channel; application current depends on the selected shunt and system design.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-current_range_application",
          "field": "current_range_application",
          "label": "Illustrative current range",
          "originalValue": "±1500",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Datasheet application example with a 0.1 mΩ shunt; marked application-only and not tested.",
          "note": "This is not an independently verified robot-pack current rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-current_error",
          "field": "current_error",
          "label": "Current-input error",
          "originalValue": "±0.3 mV within ±60 mV; ±0.5% outside to ±150 mV",
          "condition": "Electrical-characteristics table; use the exact differential-input interval and test conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-synchronized_sampling",
          "field": "synchronized_sampling",
          "label": "Voltage/current synchronization behavior",
          "originalValue": "Voltage conversion waits for a useful current sample; synchronized sample stored in CUR_INST_Synch",
          "condition": "On-demand acquisition; the wait can extend to TCYCLEADC_CUR.",
          "note": "Synchronization does not establish zero end-to-end system latency.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-current_conversion_time",
          "field": "current_conversion_time",
          "label": "Current conversion time",
          "originalValue": "328.25",
          "originalUnit": "µs typ.",
          "condition": "Datasheet design-information value; marked not tested.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-balance_current",
          "field": "balance_current",
          "label": "Internal passive-balancing current",
          "originalValue": "Up to 200",
          "originalUnit": "mA/cell",
          "condition": "Maximum is bounded by junction temperature and external thermal design.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-temperature_inputs",
          "field": "temperature_inputs",
          "label": "External temperature inputs",
          "originalValue": "Up to 7",
          "originalUnit": "NTC inputs",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product/datasheet feature.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "STMicroelectronics L99BM114 product page",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/en/power-management/l99bm114.html",
            "location": "Product status, key features, ordering information and evaluation ecosystem",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Observed 2026-08-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication interfaces",
          "originalValue": "2.66 Mbit/s isolated daisy chain; SPI up to 5 MHz",
          "condition": "Interface headline values; physical isolation parts, topology and protocol timing remain system-level work.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-daisy_chain",
          "field": "daisy_chain",
          "label": "Maximum daisy-chain length",
          "originalValue": "31",
          "originalUnit": "devices",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-published device-count boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "STMicroelectronics L99BM114 product page",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/en/power-management/l99bm114.html",
            "location": "Product status, key features, ordering information and evaluation ecosystem",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Observed 2026-08-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-operating_temperature",
          "field": "operating_temperature",
          "label": "Operating ambient temperature",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +105",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Datasheet operating range; thermal and accuracy conditions still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "L99BM114 multicell battery monitoring and balancing IC datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/resource/en/datasheet/l99bm114.pdf",
            "location": "DS14722 Rev 1: features, absolute/operating limits, electrical characteristics and ADC operation",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS14722 Rev 1 · July 2024 · 159 pages",
            "published": "2024-07"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-package",
          "field": "package",
          "label": "Package / order code",
          "originalValue": "TQFP-EP64 10 × 10 × 1.0 mm; L99BM114-TR",
          "condition": "Product ordering and package information.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "STMicroelectronics L99BM114 product page",
            "url": "https://www.st.com/en/power-management/l99bm114.html",
            "location": "Product status, key features, ordering information and evaluation ecosystem",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Observed 2026-08-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-public_raw_transient_traces",
          "field": "public_raw_transient_traces",
          "label": "Public raw transient traces",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited public product, datasheet and manufacturer-authored article surfaces on the verification date.",
          "note": "The article shows two plotted examples but does not link downloadable time-series traces.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Battery Management Accuracy Strengthens Humanoid Robot Reliability",
            "url": "https://www.powersystemsdesign.com/articles/battery-management-accuracy-strengthens-humanoid-robot-reliability/97/23731",
            "location": "Manufacturer-authored article and two plotted transient examples",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Published by Power Systems Design; authors affiliated with STMicroelectronics",
            "published": "2026-06-22"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-transient_test_method",
          "field": "transient_test_method",
          "label": "Complete public transient-test method",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited public product, datasheet and manufacturer-authored article surfaces on the verification date.",
          "note": "The article names laboratory-grade active-load equipment but does not publish its make/model, calibration record, acquisition sample rate, filter configuration or a numeric error metric.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Battery Management Accuracy Strengthens Humanoid Robot Reliability",
            "url": "https://www.powersystemsdesign.com/articles/battery-management-accuracy-strengthens-humanoid-robot-reliability/97/23731",
            "location": "Manufacturer-authored article and two plotted transient examples",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Published by Power Systems Design; authors affiliated with STMicroelectronics",
            "published": "2026-06-22"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-st-l99bm114-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent robot-pack validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited public product, datasheet and manufacturer-authored article surfaces on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited transient examples are manufacturer-authored and do not constitute an independent exact-pack or operating-humanoid validation.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Battery Management Accuracy Strengthens Humanoid Robot Reliability",
            "url": "https://www.powersystemsdesign.com/articles/battery-management-accuracy-strengthens-humanoid-robot-reliability/97/23731",
            "location": "Manufacturer-authored article and two plotted transient examples",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Published by Power Systems Design; authors affiliated with STMicroelectronics",
            "published": "2026-06-22"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This record is an integrated circuit, not a complete robot battery pack or BMS.",
        "The ±1500 A figure is an application-only datasheet illustration tied to a 0.1 mΩ shunt and is explicitly marked not tested.",
        "The manufacturer-authored article provides two plots but no public raw traces, instrument identity, calibration, acquisition rate or numeric transient-error metric.",
        "An article-level statement of no observable latency must not override datasheet conversion, synchronization-delay and filter-window boundaries."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t",
      "slug": "robotis-xl430-w250-t",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XL430-W250-T",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XL430-W250-T",
      "aliases": [
        "DYNAMIXEL XL430-W250-T",
        "XL430-W250"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Cored-motor, 258.5:1 plastic-geared servo with 12-bit absolute encoder, TTL multidrop bus and DYNAMIXEL Protocol 2.0 control table",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
      "summary": "The exact TurtleBot3 Burger actuator identity with voltage-conditioned stall and no-load-speed claims. The official manual explicitly warns that stall torque is not continuous output or real-world performance.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-mcu",
          "field": "mcu",
          "label": "Microcontroller",
          "originalValue": "32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 at 72 MHz",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Position sensor",
          "originalValue": "AS5601 contactless absolute encoder, 12-bit over 360°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-baud_rate",
          "field": "baud_rate",
          "label": "Baud-rate range",
          "originalValue": "9,600 bps–4.5 Mbps",
          "condition": "TTL half-duplex asynchronous serial link.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-resolution",
          "field": "resolution",
          "label": "Position resolution",
          "originalValue": "4096",
          "originalUnit": "pulse/rev",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-operating_modes",
          "field": "operating_modes",
          "label": "Operating modes",
          "originalValue": "Velocity; position; extended-position; PWM",
          "condition": "The position mode is 0–360°; extended position is multi-turn.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "57.2",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Actuator specification; external brackets and cables are not included.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "28.5 × 46.5 × 34",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Width × height × depth.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "258.5:1",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall-torque references",
          "originalValue": "1.0 N·m at 9.0 V / 1.0 A; 1.4 N·m at 11.1 V / 1.3 A; 1.5 N·m at 12.0 V / 1.4 A",
          "condition": "Momentary stall references only. The official note says stall torque differs from continuous output and expected real-world performance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load-speed references",
          "originalValue": "47 rpm at 9.0 V; 57 rpm at 11.1 V; 61 rpm at 12.0 V",
          "condition": "No-load values; they are not loaded operating points.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-operating_temperature",
          "field": "operating_temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−5 to +72",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Published device range; no duty-cycle envelope is implied.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "6.5–12.0; 11.1 recommended",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "The manual associates the recommended value with a three-cell lithium-ion battery.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical communication",
          "originalValue": "5 V TTL multidrop; half-duplex asynchronous serial; 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity",
          "condition": "Digital-packet command interface; protocol/register compatibility remains software-version dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous or thermally rated output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official product documentation on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited manual publishes stall and performance-graph references but no continuous/thermally rated torque envelope or duty-cycle limit.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl430-w250-t-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-actuator robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official product documentation on the verification date.",
          "note": "The TurtleBot3 BOM identity is a responsibility-party publication, not an RCI bench test or independent serialised-unit validation.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL430-W250-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl430-w250/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, control table and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13; new XL430-W250 identified as released in 2018"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 1.0–1.5 N·m values are stall references, not continuous ratings or allowable stall operating points.",
        "The public record does not provide a thermally conditioned continuous-torque envelope or duty-cycle limit.",
        "The exact TurtleBot3 crosswalk proves a source identity and quantity boundary, not installation in every unit, compatibility, current supply or RCI hardware validation."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10",
      "slug": "robotis-opencr10",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "OpenCR1.0",
      "name": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0",
      "aliases": [
        "OpenCR1.0",
        "OpenCR 1.0"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Open-source robot control board",
      "architecture": "STM32F746 Cortex-M7 control board with DYNAMIXEL TTL/RS-485, CAN, UART, USB OTG, mixed-signal I/O and onboard inertial sensing",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
      "summary": "The exact TurtleBot3 Burger controller-board identity. Public hardware specifications expose controller, I/O and power boundaries, while the installed firmware and the MPU9250-to-ICM-20648 hardware transition require unit-level evidence.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-mcu",
          "field": "mcu",
          "label": "Microcontroller",
          "originalValue": "STM32F746ZGT6; 32-bit ARM Cortex-M7 with FPU; 216 MHz; 462 DMIPS",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-onboard_sensors",
          "field": "onboard_sensors",
          "label": "Onboard inertial sensor",
          "originalValue": "ICM-20648: 3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis accelerometer and digital motion processor",
          "condition": "New hardware; the manual states that the discontinued MPU9250 was replaced in 2020.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-digital_io",
          "field": "digital_io",
          "label": "Digital I/O",
          "originalValue": "32 Arduino-connectivity pins; 4 × 5-pin OLLO; 18 GPIO; 6 PWM; 1 I2C; 1 SPI",
          "condition": "Published connector/function counts.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-analog_input",
          "field": "analog_input",
          "label": "Analog inputs",
          "originalValue": "6 ADC channels, maximum 12-bit",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-usb",
          "field": "usb",
          "label": "USB interface",
          "originalValue": "1 × Micro-B USB 2.0 with host, peripheral and OTG support",
          "condition": "The e-Manual also lists USB DFU programming support.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-dynamixel_ports",
          "field": "dynamixel_ports",
          "label": "DYNAMIXEL ports",
          "originalValue": "3 × TTL; 3 × RS-485",
          "condition": "Published physical-port counts; actuator protocol and firmware compatibility remain separate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-uart",
          "field": "uart",
          "label": "UART ports",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "originalUnit": "ports",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-can",
          "field": "can",
          "label": "CAN ports",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "originalUnit": "port",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification; no end-to-end bus timing or application-protocol validation is implied.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-input_power",
          "field": "input_power",
          "label": "Input power sources",
          "originalValue": "5 V USB VBUS or 5–24 V battery/SMPS",
          "condition": "Default references are 11.1 V 1,800 mAh Li-Po and 12 V 4.5 A SMPS.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-output_power",
          "field": "output_power",
          "label": "Output-power rails",
          "originalValue": "12 V up to 4.5 A; 5 V up to 4 A; 3.3 V up to 800 mA",
          "condition": "The manual limits combined 12 V and 5 V port consumption to 55 W.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-physical",
          "field": "physical",
          "label": "Board dimensions and mass",
          "originalValue": "105 × 75 mm; 60 g",
          "condition": "Board-only published dimensions and weight.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-installed_firmware_identity",
          "field": "installed_firmware_identity",
          "label": "Installed TurtleBot3 firmware identity",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official product documentation on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited TurtleBot3 BOM fixes the board identity but does not publish a serialised board dump or one exact flashed-firmware digest for every unit.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-opencr10-independent_board_validation",
          "field": "independent_board_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-board validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official product documentation on the verification date.",
          "note": "No RCI physical OpenCR board, firmware image, electrical measurement or complete robot run has been recorded.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS OpenCR 1.0 e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/parts/controller/opencr10/",
            "location": "Introduction, board specifications, power boundaries and hardware-revision sensor note",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "OpenCR1.0 hardware spans at least the MPU9250 and ICM-20648 sensor eras; a board name alone does not identify the populated IMU.",
        "Port availability does not prove firmware support, bus timing, electrical compatibility or a successful robot integration.",
        "The TurtleBot3 crosswalk is a pinned public-BOM relation, not an as-built, serial, endorsement or physical-test claim."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "officialModel": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi 5 Model B Rev 1.1",
      "aliases": [
        "Raspberry Pi 5",
        "Raspberry Pi 5 8GB"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Single-board computer",
      "architecture": "BCM2712 quad-core Arm SBC with VideoCore VII graphics, LPDDR4X memory, RP1 I/O, MIPI camera/display, PCIe and 40-pin expansion header",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
      "summary": "The revision-bounded Raspberry Pi 5 identity published by OpenAMR. Raspberry Pi’s current product page supports family-level specifications; it does not by itself provide a Rev 1.1 change manifest or prove the selected OpenAMR unit.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "Broadcom BCM2712; 2.4 GHz quad-core 64-bit Arm Cortex-A76",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 product-family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-gpu",
          "field": "gpu",
          "label": "GPU",
          "originalValue": "VideoCore VII; OpenGL ES 3.1; Vulkan 1.3",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 product-family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-display_output",
          "field": "display_output",
          "label": "Display output",
          "originalValue": "Dual 4Kp60 HDMI with HDR support",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 product-family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory configurations",
          "originalValue": "LPDDR4X-4267 SDRAM: 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 GB",
          "condition": "Family options. The selected OpenAMR BOM separately identifies the 8 GB configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-wireless",
          "field": "wireless",
          "label": "Wireless connectivity",
          "originalValue": "Dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi; Bluetooth 5.0 / BLE",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 product-family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "Primary removable storage",
          "originalValue": "microSD with SDR104 mode support",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 product-family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-usb",
          "field": "usb",
          "label": "USB ports",
          "originalValue": "2 × USB 3.0 with simultaneous 5 Gbps operation; 2 × USB 2.0",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 product-family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-ethernet",
          "field": "ethernet",
          "label": "Wired networking",
          "originalValue": "Gigabit Ethernet; PoE+ with separate PoE+ HAT",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 product-family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-camera_display_io",
          "field": "camera_display_io",
          "label": "MIPI camera/display I/O",
          "originalValue": "2 × 4-lane MIPI camera/display transceivers",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 product-family specification; cable, sensor and software support remain integration boundaries.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-pcie",
          "field": "pcie",
          "label": "PCI Express",
          "originalValue": "PCIe 2.0 ×1",
          "condition": "Fast-peripheral interface; requires a separate M.2 HAT or other adapter.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Recommended DC input",
          "originalValue": "5 V / 5 A over USB-C with Power Delivery support",
          "condition": "The manufacturer warns that under-powered supplies may cause problems and recommends a high-quality 5 V / 5 A supply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-expansion_rtc",
          "field": "expansion_rtc",
          "label": "Expansion and RTC",
          "originalValue": "40-pin Raspberry Pi header; real-time clock with external-battery power",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 product-family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-revision_specific_change_manifest",
          "field": "revision_specific_change_manifest",
          "label": "Rev 1.1-specific public change manifest",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official product documentation on the verification date.",
          "note": "The current product page describes the Raspberry Pi 5 family and does not enumerate a complete Rev 1.1-only bill of materials or change manifest. Revision identity is preserved from the pinned OpenAMR BOM rather than inferred from the family page.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-model-b-rev11-independent_openamr_validation",
          "field": "independent_openamr_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-board OpenAMR validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official product documentation on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not inspected the OpenAMR board revision, memory marking, revision code, serial identity, power rail, software image or operating robot.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Current product-family specifications, OS/power/cooling guidance and obsolescence statement",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The official product page publishes family-level specifications; it does not prove that every value is invariant across every board revision and RAM configuration.",
        "The OpenAMR source fixes Rev 1.1 and an 8 GB configuration, but RCI has not read a physical revision code or serialised as-built record.",
        "The public crosswalk does not establish case fit, power sufficiency, software compatibility, thermal performance, current availability or independent robot validation."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t",
      "slug": "robotis-xl330-m077-t",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XL330-M077-T",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XL330-M077-T",
      "aliases": [
        "DYNAMIXEL XL330-M077-T",
        "XL330-M077"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Compact 77.5:1 geared servo with 12-bit absolute encoder, TTL multidrop bus and DYNAMIXEL Protocol 2.0 control table",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
      "summary": "The exact six-unit DYNAMIXEL LeKiwi leader-arm actuator identity. Its official e-Manual publishes voltage-conditioned stall torque and no-load speed while leaving continuous thermal output and robot-level validation unknown.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-mcu",
          "field": "mcu",
          "label": "Microcontroller",
          "originalValue": "32-bit ARM Cortex-M0+ at 64 MHz",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Position sensor",
          "originalValue": "AS5601 contactless absolute encoder, 12-bit over 360°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-baud_rate",
          "field": "baud_rate",
          "label": "Baud-rate range",
          "originalValue": "9,600 bps–4 Mbps",
          "condition": "TTL half-duplex asynchronous serial link.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-resolution",
          "field": "resolution",
          "label": "Position resolution",
          "originalValue": "4096",
          "originalUnit": "pulse/rev",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-operating_modes",
          "field": "operating_modes",
          "label": "Operating modes",
          "originalValue": "Current control; velocity; position; extended-position; current-based position; PWM",
          "condition": "Mode availability follows the published control table and firmware boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Actuator body; brackets, idlers and cables are not included.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "20 × 34 × 26",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Width × height × depth.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "77.5:1",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification for this exact gearing suffix.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall-torque references",
          "originalValue": "0.180 N·m at 3.7 V / 1.11 A; 0.215 N·m at 5.0 V / 1.47 A; 0.228 N·m at 6.0 V / 1.74 A",
          "condition": "Momentary stall references only. The official note distinguishes stall torque from continuous output and expected real-world performance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load-speed references",
          "originalValue": "278 rpm at 3.7 V; 383 rpm at 5.0 V; 456 rpm at 6.0 V",
          "condition": "No-load values; they are not loaded operating points.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-operating_temperature",
          "field": "operating_temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−5 to +72",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Published device range; no duty-cycle envelope is implied.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "3.7–6.0; 5.0 recommended",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "The selected voltage governs the matching current, stall-torque and no-load-speed references.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical communication",
          "originalValue": "3.3 V TTL multidrop, 5 V tolerant; half-duplex asynchronous serial; DYNAMIXEL Protocol 2.0",
          "condition": "Protocol/register and firmware compatibility remain separate integration boundaries.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous or thermally rated output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official e-Manual on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited e-Manual publishes stall and performance-graph references but no continuous/thermally rated torque envelope or duty-cycle limit.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-actuator robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official e-Manual on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected LeKiwi BOM identity is a responsibility-party publication, not an RCI bench test, serialised-unit inspection or independent robot validation.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M077-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m077/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 0.180–0.228 N·m values are stall references, not continuous ratings or allowable stall operating points.",
        "The public record does not provide a thermally conditioned continuous-torque envelope or duty-cycle limit.",
        "The six-unit LeKiwi crosswalk proves a pinned source identity and row quantity, not serials, every build, current supply, compatibility, endorsement or RCI hardware validation."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t",
      "slug": "robotis-xl330-m288-t",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XL330-M288-T",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XL330-M288-T",
      "aliases": [
        "DYNAMIXEL XL330-M288-T",
        "XL330-M288"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Compact 288.4:1 geared servo with 12-bit absolute encoder, TTL multidrop bus and DYNAMIXEL Protocol 2.0 control table",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
      "summary": "The exact four-unit DYNAMIXEL LeKiwi follower-arm actuator identity. Its higher reduction changes the voltage-conditioned stall and no-load endpoints without supplying a continuous thermal rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-mcu",
          "field": "mcu",
          "label": "Microcontroller",
          "originalValue": "32-bit ARM Cortex-M0+ at 64 MHz",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Position sensor",
          "originalValue": "AS5601 contactless absolute encoder, 12-bit over 360°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-baud_rate",
          "field": "baud_rate",
          "label": "Baud-rate range",
          "originalValue": "9,600 bps–4 Mbps",
          "condition": "TTL half-duplex asynchronous serial link.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-resolution",
          "field": "resolution",
          "label": "Position resolution",
          "originalValue": "4096",
          "originalUnit": "pulse/rev",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-operating_modes",
          "field": "operating_modes",
          "label": "Operating modes",
          "originalValue": "Current control; velocity; position; extended-position; current-based position; PWM",
          "condition": "Mode availability follows the published control table and firmware boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Actuator body; brackets, idlers and cables are not included.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "20 × 34 × 26",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Width × height × depth.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "288.4:1",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification for this exact gearing suffix.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall-torque references",
          "originalValue": "0.42 N·m at 3.7 V / 1.11 A; 0.52 N·m at 5.0 V / 1.47 A; 0.60 N·m at 6.0 V / 1.74 A",
          "condition": "Momentary stall references only. The official note distinguishes stall torque from continuous output and expected real-world performance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load-speed references",
          "originalValue": "76 rpm at 3.7 V; 103 rpm at 5.0 V; 123 rpm at 6.0 V",
          "condition": "No-load values; they are not loaded operating points.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-operating_temperature",
          "field": "operating_temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−5 to +72",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Published device range; no duty-cycle envelope is implied.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "3.7–6.0; 5.0 recommended",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "The selected voltage governs the matching current, stall-torque and no-load-speed references.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical communication",
          "originalValue": "3.3 V TTL multidrop, 5 V tolerant; half-duplex asynchronous serial; DYNAMIXEL Protocol 2.0",
          "condition": "Protocol/register and firmware compatibility remain separate integration boundaries.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous or thermally rated output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official e-Manual on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited e-Manual publishes stall and performance-graph references but no continuous/thermally rated torque envelope or duty-cycle limit.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-actuator robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official e-Manual on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected LeKiwi BOM identity is a responsibility-party publication, not an RCI bench test, serialised-unit inspection or independent robot validation.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XL330-M288-T e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xl330-m288/",
            "location": "Specifications, performance graph note, communication and connector reference",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 0.42–0.60 N·m values are stall references, not continuous ratings or allowable stall operating points.",
        "M077 and M288 gearing must not be merged: the reduction, speed and torque boundaries differ even though the family shell and electronics overlap.",
        "The four-unit LeKiwi crosswalk proves a pinned source identity and row quantity, not serials, every build, current supply, compatibility, endorsement or RCI hardware validation."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40",
      "slug": "pjrc-teensy-40",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-pjrc",
      "officialModel": "Teensy 4.0",
      "name": "PJRC Teensy 4.0",
      "aliases": [
        "TEENSY40",
        "Teensy USB Board Version 4.0",
        "Teensy 4.0 / NXP i.MX RT1062"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Microcontroller development board",
      "architecture": "NXP i.MX RT1062 Cortex-M7 microcontroller board with USB, serial, SPI, I2C, CAN/CAN FD, PWM and mixed-signal I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
      "summary": "The exact real-time controller named by the OpenAMR responsibility-party component table, separated from the processor identity and from any flashed firmware or carrier wiring.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-processor",
          "field": "processor",
          "label": "Processor",
          "originalValue": "NXP i.MX RT1062; ARM Cortex-M7 at 600 MHz",
          "condition": "Teensy 4.0 board specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "1,984 KB flash; 1,024 KB RAM; 1,080-byte emulated EEPROM",
          "condition": "Part of flash is reserved for recovery and EEPROM emulation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-usb",
          "field": "usb",
          "label": "USB",
          "originalValue": "480 Mbit/s USB device and USB host",
          "condition": "Host signals use bottom SMT pads and require integration provisions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-digital_io",
          "field": "digital_io",
          "label": "Digital I/O",
          "originalValue": "40 digital I/O pins; 31 PWM pins",
          "condition": "Only 24 I/O are breadboard-accessible without bottom pads.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-analog_input",
          "field": "analog_input",
          "label": "Analog inputs",
          "originalValue": "14",
          "originalUnit": "pins",
          "condition": "3.3 V maximum; pins are not 5 V tolerant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-serial_interfaces",
          "field": "serial_interfaces",
          "label": "Serial interfaces",
          "originalValue": "7 serial; 3 SPI; 3 I2C",
          "condition": "Board-level peripheral counts.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-can",
          "field": "can",
          "label": "CAN controllers",
          "originalValue": "3 CAN, including 1 CAN FD",
          "condition": "An external CAN transceiver is required for the physical bus.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-dma",
          "field": "dma",
          "label": "DMA channels",
          "originalValue": "32",
          "originalUnit": "channels",
          "condition": "General-purpose DMA channels.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-logic_voltage",
          "field": "logic_voltage",
          "label": "I/O voltage boundary",
          "originalValue": "3.3 V; not 5 V tolerant",
          "condition": "Applies to digital and analog pins.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-nominal_current",
          "field": "nominal_current",
          "label": "Approximate board current",
          "originalValue": "100",
          "originalUnit": "mA",
          "condition": "Manufacturer statement for operation at 600 MHz; attached peripherals excluded.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-openamr_firmware_digest",
          "field": "openamr_firmware_digest",
          "label": "OpenAMR flashed-firmware digest",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The product page does not identify the exact firmware image or configuration used by one OpenAMR build.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-pjrc-teensy-40-independent_openamr_validation",
          "field": "independent_openamr_validation",
          "label": "Independent OpenAMR controller validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not inspected the board, wiring, firmware, timing behavior or a powered OpenAMR system.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "PJRC Teensy 4.0 Development Board",
            "url": "https://www.pjrc.com/store/teensy40.html",
            "location": "Specifications, processor, pins, communication, timing, power and memory sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Peripheral-controller presence does not include external transceivers, power conditioning, wiring or application protocol.",
        "The OpenAMR relation is one public component-table row, not a serialised as-built or compatibility claim.",
        "RCI has not powered or benchmarked this board in OpenAMR."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040",
      "slug": "ams-osram-as5040",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ams-osram",
      "officialModel": "AS5040",
      "name": "ams OSRAM AS5040",
      "aliases": [
        "AS5040 10-bit magnetic rotary encoder"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Magnetic rotary position sensor",
      "architecture": "Contactless on-axis magnetic encoder with Hall sensor array, 10-bit conversion and SSI, PWM and incremental quadrature outputs",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
      "summary": "The exact magnetic-encoder IC named twice in the OpenAMR component table. Device specifications remain separate from magnet selection, PCB implementation, calibration and wheel-odometry performance.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-resolution",
          "field": "resolution",
          "label": "Angular resolution",
          "originalValue": "10",
          "originalUnit": "bit",
          "condition": "1,024 positions per revolution.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-measurement_range",
          "field": "measurement_range",
          "label": "Angular range",
          "originalValue": "0–360",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Absolute on-axis magnetic position measurement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-absolute_output",
          "field": "absolute_output",
          "label": "Absolute serial output",
          "originalValue": "Synchronous Serial Interface",
          "condition": "Digital absolute-angle output.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-incremental_output",
          "field": "incremental_output",
          "label": "Incremental output",
          "originalValue": "Quadrature A/B with index",
          "condition": "Programmable incremental output modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-pwm_output",
          "field": "pwm_output",
          "label": "PWM output",
          "originalValue": "Absolute-angle PWM",
          "condition": "Duty-cycle encoded absolute angle.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-programming",
          "field": "programming",
          "label": "Zero-position programming",
          "originalValue": "User-programmable zero position",
          "condition": "Programming boundary remains device- and process-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-supply",
          "field": "supply",
          "label": "Supply",
          "originalValue": "3.3 or 5",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Observe datasheet electrical and decoupling conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-package",
          "field": "package",
          "label": "Package",
          "originalValue": "16-pin SSOP",
          "condition": "IC package, not a complete encoder board.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-magnet_diagnostics",
          "field": "magnet_diagnostics",
          "label": "Magnet diagnostics",
          "originalValue": "Magnet-too-close and magnet-too-far indication",
          "condition": "Diagnostics do not replace mechanical alignment verification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-openamr_magnet_stack",
          "field": "openamr_magnet_stack",
          "label": "OpenAMR magnet and mechanical-stack identity",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The component row does not publish magnet grade, air gap, shaft runout, PCB revision or alignment record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ams-osram-as5040-independent_odometry_validation",
          "field": "independent_odometry_validation",
          "label": "Independent OpenAMR odometry validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not measured encoder linearity, mounted accuracy, wheel slip or odometry error on a physical OpenAMR.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ams OSRAM AS5040 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://look.ams-osram.com/m/1b628d2f3c20b9a4/original/AS5040-DS000374.pdf",
            "location": "Product overview, interfaces, electrical characteristics and package information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "DS000374; live official PDF observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The IC record does not identify a breakout board, magnet, PCB, shaft or mechanical alignment.",
        "The public BOM quantity does not prove installation or calibration in a serialised robot.",
        "No RCI wheel-odometry or encoder-linearity test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500",
      "slug": "tdk-invensense-mpu-6500",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-tdk-invensense",
      "officialModel": "MPU-6500",
      "name": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500",
      "aliases": [
        "MPU6500"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Six-axis inertial measurement unit",
      "architecture": "Three-axis MEMS gyroscope plus three-axis accelerometer, DMP, 16-bit ADCs, FIFO and I2C/SPI host interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "legacy",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.invensense.tdk.com/en-us/products/inertial-sensors/mpu-6500",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
      "summary": "The exact IMU identity in the OpenAMR component table, preserved together with the source-reported MPU-6050 silkscreen conflict and without treating the IC specification as mounted-system calibration evidence.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-sensor_axes",
          "field": "sensor_axes",
          "label": "Sensor axes",
          "originalValue": "3-axis gyroscope + 3-axis accelerometer",
          "condition": "Integrated six-axis MotionTracking device.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-gyro_ranges",
          "field": "gyro_ranges",
          "label": "Gyroscope full-scale ranges",
          "originalValue": "±250, ±500, ±1000, ±2000",
          "originalUnit": "°/s",
          "condition": "User-programmable.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-accel_ranges",
          "field": "accel_ranges",
          "label": "Accelerometer full-scale ranges",
          "originalValue": "±2, ±4, ±8, ±16",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "User-programmable.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-adc",
          "field": "adc",
          "label": "Conversion",
          "originalValue": "16-bit ADC per axis",
          "condition": "Gyroscope and accelerometer conversion.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-fifo",
          "field": "fifo",
          "label": "FIFO",
          "originalValue": "512",
          "originalUnit": "bytes",
          "condition": "On-chip FIFO for burst host reads.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-dmp",
          "field": "dmp",
          "label": "Motion processor",
          "originalValue": "Digital MotionProcessor",
          "condition": "Loaded firmware and enabled functions remain system-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-i2c",
          "field": "i2c",
          "label": "I2C host interface",
          "originalValue": "400",
          "originalUnit": "kHz",
          "condition": "Fast-mode I2C.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-spi",
          "field": "spi",
          "label": "SPI host interface",
          "originalValue": "1 MHz register access; up to 20 MHz sensor/interrupt reads",
          "condition": "Interface-speed boundary from the product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-supply",
          "field": "supply",
          "label": "Supply voltage",
          "originalValue": "1.71–3.6",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "VDD and VDDIO boundaries require complete-design checks.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-package",
          "field": "package",
          "label": "Package",
          "originalValue": "3 × 3 × 0.9 mm, 24-pin QFN",
          "condition": "IC package only.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-openamr_board_identity",
          "field": "openamr_board_identity",
          "label": "OpenAMR populated board identity",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The responsibility source reports MPU-6050 board silkscreen while identifying MPU-6500 silicon; no physical inspection resolves that conflict.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tdk-invensense-mpu-6500-independent_openamr_imu_validation",
          "field": "independent_openamr_imu_validation",
          "label": "Independent OpenAMR IMU validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not recorded calibration, mounting transform, vibration, bias, thermal drift or navigation performance on a physical robot.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "TDK InvenSense MPU-6500 Product Specification",
            "url": "https://invensense.tdk.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/06/PS-MPU-6500A-01-v1.3.pdf",
            "location": "Revision 1.3, product overview and electrical/interface specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "PS-MPU-6500A-01 revision 1.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "TDK marks the product NR/ND; this record does not assert current availability or suitability for a new design.",
        "The OpenAMR source contains an unresolved board-silkscreen versus silicon-identity conflict.",
        "IC specifications do not prove module implementation, calibration or robot navigation performance."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8",
      "slug": "slamtec-rplidar-a1m8",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-slamtec",
      "officialModel": "RPLIDAR A1M8",
      "name": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8",
      "aliases": [
        "RPLIDAR A1",
        "A1M8"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Two-dimensional triangulation LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Mechanically rotating 360-degree laser triangulation scanner with UART output",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.slamtec.com/en/Lidar/A1",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
      "summary": "The A1M8 product boundary associated with the OpenAMR LiDAR row. No exact Robot-to-Component relation is asserted until the responsibility party resolves its “probable A1M8” sticker caveat.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Measurement range",
          "originalValue": "0.15–12",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "White target boundary in the cited A1M8 datasheet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-angular_range",
          "field": "angular_range",
          "label": "Angular range",
          "originalValue": "0–360",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Rotating scan boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-sample_rate",
          "field": "sample_rate",
          "label": "Sample frequency",
          "originalValue": "at least 8,000; typical 8,010",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "A1M8 datasheet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-scan_rate",
          "field": "scan_rate",
          "label": "Scan rate",
          "originalValue": "5.5–10",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "5.5 Hz is the typical reference condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-angular_resolution",
          "field": "angular_resolution",
          "label": "Angular resolution",
          "originalValue": "≤1",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Published at the 5.5 Hz reference scan rate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-range_resolution",
          "field": "range_resolution",
          "label": "Range resolution",
          "originalValue": "<0.5 mm below 1.5 m; <1% of distance over full range",
          "condition": "Triangulation resolution changes with range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-system_voltage",
          "field": "system_voltage",
          "label": "System voltage",
          "originalValue": "5",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Observe separate core and motor power/interface boundaries.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-serial",
          "field": "serial",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "originalValue": "UART serial at 115,200 bps",
          "condition": "A1M8 communication reference.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-physical",
          "field": "physical",
          "label": "Dimensions and mass",
          "originalValue": "96.8 × 70.3 × 55 mm; 170 g",
          "condition": "Complete scanner physical specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-openamr_exact_sticker",
          "field": "openamr_exact_sticker",
          "label": "OpenAMR exact LiDAR sticker identity",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The OpenAMR record says RPLIDAR A1 / probable A1M8 and marks sticker confirmation pending, so RCI withholds an exact crosswalk.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-slamtec-rplidar-a1m8-independent_openamr_lidar_validation",
          "field": "independent_openamr_lidar_validation",
          "label": "Independent OpenAMR LiDAR validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not inspected a serial number, measured range performance or operated this scanner on OpenAMR.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "SLAMTEC RPLIDAR A1M8 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://wiki.slamtec.com/download/attachments/83066883/LD108_SLAMTEC_rplidar_datasheet_A1M8_v3.0_en.pdf?api=v2&modificationDate=1677786044000&version=1",
            "location": "A1M8 v3.0 measurement, electrical, physical and communication specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "A1M8 datasheet v3.0"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 12 m range claim is target-conditioned; it is not a universal detection distance.",
        "The OpenAMR source has not confirmed the exact A1 submodel sticker, so no exact robot crosswalk is released.",
        "No RCI serialised-device or robot-level scan test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "officialModel": "Camera Module 3 NoIR",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 NoIR",
      "aliases": [
        "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 NoIR",
        "Camera Module 3 NoIR / Sony IMX708"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Autofocus camera module without IR-cut filter",
      "architecture": "Sony IMX708 back-illuminated stacked CMOS camera with PDAF, HDR and CSI-2 output in the standard-field-of-view NoIR configuration",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://datasheets.raspberrypi.com/camera/camera-module-3-product-brief.pdf",
      "summary": "The exact standard-field-of-view NoIR camera named by OpenAMR, separated from standard IR-filtered and wide-angle Camera Module 3 variants.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-sensor",
          "field": "sensor",
          "label": "Image sensor",
          "originalValue": "Sony IMX708 back-illuminated stacked CMOS",
          "condition": "Selected exact variant is standard FoV and NoIR.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-resolution",
          "field": "resolution",
          "label": "Resolution",
          "originalValue": "11.9 megapixels; 4608 × 2592",
          "condition": "Native sensor output boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-pixel_size",
          "field": "pixel_size",
          "label": "Pixel size",
          "originalValue": "1.4 × 1.4",
          "originalUnit": "µm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-sensor_diagonal",
          "field": "sensor_diagonal",
          "label": "Sensor diagonal",
          "originalValue": "7.4",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-autofocus",
          "field": "autofocus",
          "label": "Autofocus",
          "originalValue": "Phase Detection Autofocus",
          "condition": "Powered autofocus; software behavior is stack-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-field_of_view",
          "field": "field_of_view",
          "label": "Diagonal field of view",
          "originalValue": "75",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Standard and standard-NoIR variants, not wide.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-ir_filter",
          "field": "ir_filter",
          "label": "IR-cut filter",
          "originalValue": "Not present",
          "condition": "NoIR exact-variant boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Video interface and output",
          "originalValue": "CSI-2; RAW10",
          "condition": "Host cable and connector compatibility remain system boundaries.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-video_modes",
          "field": "video_modes",
          "label": "Common video modes",
          "originalValue": "1080p50; 720p120",
          "condition": "Actual modes depend on software and host.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "25 × 24 × 11.5",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Standard-field-of-view module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-openamr_calibration",
          "field": "openamr_calibration",
          "label": "OpenAMR camera calibration and mounting transform",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The row does not publish a serialised calibration file, lens position, mounting transform or exact cable identity.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-camera-module-3-noir-independent_openamr_camera_validation",
          "field": "independent_openamr_camera_validation",
          "label": "Independent OpenAMR camera validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not inspected the camera, confirmed its NoIR response or run a powered OpenAMR vision stack.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Camera Module 3 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/camera-module-3/",
            "location": "Specification, NoIR variant, developer support and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "NoIR and standard IR-filtered variants must not be merged; wide-angle variants also remain separate.",
        "Sensor and video-mode specifications do not prove host throughput, calibration or robot perception performance.",
        "The public crosswalk is not a serial, compatibility, endorsement or physical-test claim."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi-5-family",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "officialModel": "Raspberry Pi 5",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi 5",
      "aliases": [
        "Raspberry Pi 5 4 GB",
        "Raspberry Pi 5 8 GB",
        "Raspberry Pi 5 (≥ 2GB RAM)"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Single-board computer family",
      "architecture": "BCM2712 quad-core Arm SBC with VideoCore VII graphics, LPDDR4X memory, RP1 I/O, MIPI camera/display, PCIe and 40-pin expansion header",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
      "summary": "The family-level product identity used by LeKiwi, TrotBot and optional AlohaMini configurations. It is deliberately separate from the OpenAMR-specific Rev 1.1 record and does not infer a board revision from a RAM label.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "Broadcom BCM2712; 2.4 GHz quad-core 64-bit Arm Cortex-A76",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-gpu",
          "field": "gpu",
          "label": "GPU",
          "originalValue": "VideoCore VII; OpenGL ES 3.1; Vulkan 1.3",
          "condition": "Raspberry Pi 5 family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory configurations",
          "originalValue": "LPDDR4X-4267: 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16 GB",
          "condition": "Each robot relation preserves its source-declared RAM option.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-wireless",
          "field": "wireless",
          "label": "Wireless",
          "originalValue": "Dual-band 802.11ac Wi-Fi; Bluetooth 5.0 / BLE",
          "condition": "Family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "Storage",
          "originalValue": "microSD with SDR104 support",
          "condition": "Card and software image are separate build inputs.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-usb",
          "field": "usb",
          "label": "USB",
          "originalValue": "2 × USB 3.0 at simultaneous 5 Gbps; 2 × USB 2.0",
          "condition": "Family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-ethernet",
          "field": "ethernet",
          "label": "Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "Gigabit Ethernet; PoE+ with separate HAT",
          "condition": "PoE+ requires an accessory.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-mipi",
          "field": "mipi",
          "label": "MIPI camera/display",
          "originalValue": "2 × 4-lane transceivers",
          "condition": "Cable, sensor and software compatibility remain separate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-pcie",
          "field": "pcie",
          "label": "PCI Express",
          "originalValue": "PCIe 2.0 ×1",
          "condition": "Requires a separate adapter for common M.2 devices.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Recommended DC input",
          "originalValue": "5 V / 5 A USB-C with Power Delivery support",
          "condition": "Manufacturer warns about under-powered supplies.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-production_lifetime",
          "field": "production_lifetime",
          "label": "Production lifetime",
          "originalValue": "At least January 2036",
          "condition": "Manufacturer obsolescence statement observed on verification date.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-robot_board_revision",
          "field": "robot_board_revision",
          "label": "Board revision in family-level robot rows",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "LeKiwi, TrotBot and AlohaMini identify family and RAM boundaries but do not publish exact PCB revisions.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-5-family-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent robot integration validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not inspected board revision, power, cooling, image, peripherals or operating robot for these rows.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/raspberry-pi-5/",
            "location": "Specification, operating-system, power, cooling and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This family record must not be used to infer Rev 1.1 or any other board revision.",
        "RAM option alone does not identify PCB revision, serial, software image, cooling configuration or power margin.",
        "The robot relations are responsibility-party identity links, not compatibility or physical validation."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh",
      "slug": "harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-harmonic-drive",
      "officialModel": "CSF-14-50-2UH",
      "name": "Harmonic Drive CSF-14-50-2UH",
      "aliases": [
        "CSF-2UH size 14 ratio 50",
        "CSF-14-50-2UH gear unit"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Strain-wave gear unit",
      "architecture": "Housed CSF-series strain-wave gear unit with integrated output bearing, size 14 and 50:1 nominal ratio",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/_hd/content/documents/reducer_catalog.pdf",
      "summary": "An exact size-and-ratio gear-unit record. Published torque and stiffness values remain rating-table claims, not an RCI robot-joint duty-cycle, thermal, life or backlash test.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-size",
          "field": "size",
          "label": "Frame size",
          "originalValue": "14",
          "condition": "Exact CSF-14-50-2UH table row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSF-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
            "location": "CSF-2UH technical table; exact CSF-14-50-2UH row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-ratio",
          "field": "ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "50:1",
          "condition": "Exact order-code suffix and table row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSF-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
            "location": "CSF-2UH technical table; exact CSF-14-50-2UH row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "5.4",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer L10-rated value for the exact table row; apply catalog rating conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSF-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
            "location": "CSF-2UH technical table; exact CSF-14-50-2UH row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-repeated_peak_torque",
          "field": "repeated_peak_torque",
          "label": "Repeated peak torque",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer rating-table value; not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSF-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
            "location": "CSF-2UH technical table; exact CSF-14-50-2UH row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-momentary_peak_torque",
          "field": "momentary_peak_torque",
          "label": "Momentary peak torque",
          "originalValue": "35",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer rating-table value; duration and duty conditions must be checked in engineering guidance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSF-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
            "location": "CSF-2UH technical table; exact CSF-14-50-2UH row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-backdriving_torque",
          "field": "backdriving_torque",
          "label": "Backdriving torque",
          "originalValue": "1.6",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table value; integration, lubrication and temperature can affect system behavior.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSF-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
            "location": "CSF-2UH technical table; exact CSF-14-50-2UH row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-standard_accuracy",
          "field": "standard_accuracy",
          "label": "Standard accuracy",
          "originalValue": "1.5",
          "originalUnit": "arc min",
          "condition": "Published standard-accuracy table value, not mounted-system accuracy.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSF-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
            "location": "CSF-2UH technical table; exact CSF-14-50-2UH row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "0.52",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "Exact table row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSF-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
            "location": "CSF-2UH technical table; exact CSF-14-50-2UH row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-torsional_stiffness",
          "field": "torsional_stiffness",
          "label": "Torsional stiffness K1 / K2 / K3",
          "originalValue": "0.19 / 0.24 / 0.34 ×10^4",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/rad",
          "condition": "Piecewise manufacturer table values for the exact model.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSF-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
            "location": "CSF-2UH technical table; exact CSF-14-50-2UH row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-output_moment_stiffness",
          "field": "output_moment_stiffness",
          "label": "Output-bearing moment stiffness",
          "originalValue": "4.38 ×10^4",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/rad",
          "condition": "Exact table row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSF-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csf-2uh",
            "location": "CSF-2UH technical table; exact CSF-14-50-2UH row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "field": "robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "label": "Robot-joint thermal duty envelope",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited catalog does not define one universal robot-joint motor, housing, lubrication, cooling, ambient and motion-cycle envelope for this record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive Reducer Catalog",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/_hd/content/documents/reducer_catalog.pdf",
            "location": "CSF series engineering, rating and application boundaries",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Official reducer catalog observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csf-14-50-2uh-independent_life_validation",
          "field": "independent_life_validation",
          "label": "Independent mounted life and backlash validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, instrumented, endurance-tested or teardown-inspected this gear unit.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive Reducer Catalog",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/_hd/content/documents/reducer_catalog.pdf",
            "location": "CSF series engineering, rating and application boundaries",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Official reducer catalog observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Gear-unit ratings do not establish a complete motor, encoder, brake, housing, lubrication or thermal design.",
        "Peak values must not be represented as continuous output capability.",
        "No RCI physical specimen, joint integration, life test or teardown evidence exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c",
      "slug": "teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-teledyne-flir",
      "officialModel": "BFS-PGE-161S7C",
      "name": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7C",
      "aliases": [
        "Blackfly S 16.1 MP GigE color",
        "BFS-PGE-161S7C-C"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "GigE machine-vision color camera",
      "architecture": "Sony IMX542 global-shutter color CMOS camera with GigE interface, C-mount and GenICam/Spinnaker software surface",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
      "summary": "The exact color suffix is retained. Sensor and acquisition specifications do not prove lens choice, calibration, host timing, illumination, image quality or robot perception performance.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-firmware",
          "field": "firmware",
          "label": "Documented firmware baseline",
          "originalValue": "2312.0.90.0",
          "condition": "Model documentation baseline observed on verification date.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-resolution",
          "field": "resolution",
          "label": "Resolution",
          "originalValue": "5320 × 3032",
          "originalUnit": "pixels",
          "condition": "Full-resolution exact-model mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-megapixels",
          "field": "megapixels",
          "label": "Resolution class",
          "originalValue": "16.1",
          "originalUnit": "MP",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-frame_rate",
          "field": "frame_rate",
          "label": "Maximum frame rate",
          "originalValue": "7",
          "originalUnit": "fps",
          "condition": "Full-resolution uncompressed manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-compressed_frame_rate",
          "field": "compressed_frame_rate",
          "label": "Maximum compressed frame rate",
          "originalValue": "16",
          "originalUnit": "fps",
          "condition": "Compression-dependent manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-sensor",
          "field": "sensor",
          "label": "Image sensor",
          "originalValue": "Sony IMX542 color CMOS, 1.1-inch format",
          "condition": "Exact C-model specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-shutter",
          "field": "shutter",
          "label": "Shutter",
          "originalValue": "Global shutter",
          "condition": "Sensor shutter architecture.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-pixel_size",
          "field": "pixel_size",
          "label": "Pixel size",
          "originalValue": "2.74",
          "originalUnit": "µm",
          "condition": "Square pixel pitch.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-lens_mount",
          "field": "lens_mount",
          "label": "Lens mount",
          "originalValue": "C-mount",
          "condition": "Lens not included in this evidence record.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-adc",
          "field": "adc",
          "label": "ADC bit depth",
          "originalValue": "8 / 10 / 12",
          "originalUnit": "bit",
          "condition": "Supported conversion bit depths.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-exposure_range",
          "field": "exposure_range",
          "label": "Exposure range",
          "originalValue": "26 µs–30 s",
          "condition": "Published configurable range; mode and image-quality effects remain application-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-robot_calibration_package",
          "field": "robot_calibration_package",
          "label": "Robot calibration and lens package",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The camera specification does not identify one robot-specific lens, intrinsic/extrinsic calibration artifact, illumination or enclosure.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-teledyne-flir-bfs-pge-161s7c-independent_timing_quality_test",
          "field": "independent_timing_quality_test",
          "label": "Independent timing and image-quality validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not captured frames, measured transport latency, verified trigger timing or benchmarked image quality from a physical unit.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Teledyne FLIR Blackfly S BFS-PGE-161S7 Model Specifications",
            "url": "https://softwareservices.flir.com/BFS-PGE-161S7/latest/Model/spec.html",
            "location": "BFS-PGE-161S7C exact color-model specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Firmware 2312.0.90.0 model documentation observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The C color variant must not be merged with the monochrome M variant.",
        "Maximum frame rates remain mode- and compression-conditioned manufacturer claims.",
        "No RCI camera, lens, network, timing or perception benchmark exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030",
      "slug": "intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-intel",
      "officialModel": "Intel Atom x7425E (FJ8071504822030 / SRMLN)",
      "name": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor",
      "aliases": [
        "Atom x7425E",
        "FJ8071504822030",
        "SRMLN"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded processor",
      "architecture": "Four-core Alder Lake-N embedded processor in FCBGA1264 with integrated Intel UHD Graphics and PCIe Gen 3 expansion",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
      "summary": "The exact tray ordering code, spec code and stepping are attached to the processor record. Processor specifications do not identify a carrier board, BIOS, memory population, cooling system or robot workload.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-ordering_code",
          "field": "ordering_code",
          "label": "Ordering code",
          "originalValue": "FJ8071504822030",
          "condition": "Tray shipment form.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Ordering and Compliance",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/ordering.html",
            "location": "Exact ordering code, spec code, stepping and shipment form",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093 ordering page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-spec_code",
          "field": "spec_code",
          "label": "Spec code",
          "originalValue": "SRMLN",
          "condition": "Exact ordering record.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Ordering and Compliance",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/ordering.html",
            "location": "Exact ordering code, spec code, stepping and shipment form",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093 ordering page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-stepping",
          "field": "stepping",
          "label": "Stepping",
          "originalValue": "N0",
          "condition": "Exact ordering record.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Ordering and Compliance",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/ordering.html",
            "location": "Exact ordering code, spec code, stepping and shipment form",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093 ordering page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-launch",
          "field": "launch",
          "label": "Launch date",
          "originalValue": "Q1 2023",
          "condition": "Intel product-status field.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-cores",
          "field": "cores",
          "label": "CPU cores",
          "originalValue": "4",
          "originalUnit": "cores",
          "condition": "Processor core count.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-max_turbo",
          "field": "max_turbo",
          "label": "Maximum turbo frequency",
          "originalValue": "3.40",
          "originalUnit": "GHz",
          "condition": "Maximum single-condition turbo claim; not sustained all-core performance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-cache",
          "field": "cache",
          "label": "Cache",
          "originalValue": "6",
          "originalUnit": "MB",
          "condition": "Intel Smart Cache.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-tdp",
          "field": "tdp",
          "label": "Processor base power / TDP",
          "originalValue": "12",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Processor-level thermal design reference, not wall or board power.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-max_memory",
          "field": "max_memory",
          "label": "Maximum memory size",
          "originalValue": "32",
          "originalUnit": "GB",
          "condition": "Memory type and board implementation constraints apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-memory_types",
          "field": "memory_types",
          "label": "Memory types",
          "originalValue": "DDR4-3200 / DDR5-4800 / LPDDR5-4800",
          "condition": "Supported processor memory types; one board does not necessarily expose all types.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-memory_channels",
          "field": "memory_channels",
          "label": "Memory channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "originalUnit": "channel",
          "condition": "Processor specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-graphics",
          "field": "graphics",
          "label": "Integrated graphics",
          "originalValue": "Intel UHD Graphics; 24 execution units; up to 1.0 GHz",
          "condition": "Processor graphics specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-pcie",
          "field": "pcie",
          "label": "PCI Express",
          "originalValue": "9 lanes, PCIe Gen 3",
          "condition": "Processor expansion specification; carrier-board routing not established.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-package",
          "field": "package",
          "label": "Package",
          "originalValue": "FCBGA1264; 35 × 24 mm",
          "condition": "Soldered processor package.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-robot_board_configuration",
          "field": "robot_board_configuration",
          "label": "Exact robot board, BIOS and cooling configuration",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "No cited evidence identifies a carrier board, BIOS settings, memory population, power limits, heatsink or enclosure for a robot deployment.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-intel-atom-x7425e-fj8071504822030-independent_robot_benchmark",
          "field": "independent_robot_benchmark",
          "label": "Independent robot workload benchmark",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not benchmarked control, inference, sensor processing, latency, thermals or sustained power on this processor.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Intel Atom x7425E Processor Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/sku/233093/intel-atom-x7425e-processor-6m-cache-up-to-3-40-ghz/specifications.html",
            "location": "Essentials, CPU, memory, graphics, expansion, package and advanced-technology sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Product ID 233093; live specifications observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The record is processor-level and must not be presented as a complete edge-compute board.",
        "Maximum turbo frequency is not a sustained robot workload result.",
        "No RCI physical processor, carrier-board, thermal or software benchmark exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00",
      "slug": "vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-vicor",
      "officialModel": "DCM3623T50M31C2T00",
      "name": "Vicor DCM3623T50M31C2T00",
      "aliases": [
        "DCM3623 50 V 28 V 320 W T-grade"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Isolated regulated DC-DC converter module",
      "architecture": "Isolated, regulated 3623 ChiP DC-DC module with 16–50 V input, nominal 28 V output and array-operation support",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.vicorpower.com/products?productKey=DCM3623T50M31C2T00&productType=cfg",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
      "summary": "The full order code and temperature grade are retained. Electrical ratings do not prove one robot battery, harness, filter, thermal path, protection design or transient-load result.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage range",
          "originalValue": "16–50",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Observe startup, derating and protection boundaries in the datasheet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-nominal_output",
          "field": "nominal_output",
          "label": "Nominal output voltage",
          "originalValue": "28.0",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Exact configuration family.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-trim_range",
          "field": "trim_range",
          "label": "Output trim range",
          "originalValue": "22.0–30.8",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "External trim and operating conditions apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-output_power",
          "field": "output_power",
          "label": "Maximum output power",
          "originalValue": "320",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Thermal, input-voltage and operating conditions apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-continuous_output_current",
          "field": "continuous_output_current",
          "label": "Continuous output current",
          "originalValue": "11.43",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "At nominal 28 V under applicable thermal and electrical conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-peak_efficiency",
          "field": "peak_efficiency",
          "label": "Peak efficiency",
          "originalValue": "93.6",
          "originalUnit": "%",
          "condition": "Peak manufacturer value; not efficiency over every load, voltage and temperature.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Input-to-output isolation",
          "originalValue": "2250",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Manufacturer isolation rating and test conditions apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-array_operation",
          "field": "array_operation",
          "label": "Array operation",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8 units / 2560 W",
          "condition": "Requires compliant array design; not a drop-in guarantee.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-package",
          "field": "package",
          "label": "Package",
          "originalValue": "3623 ChiP through-hole; 38.72 × 22.80 × 7.21 mm",
          "condition": "Module mechanical envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "24",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Manufacturer mechanical data.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-temperature_grade",
          "field": "temperature_grade",
          "label": "Operating temperature grade",
          "originalValue": "-40 to 125",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "T-grade exact order-code boundary; verify temperature definition and derating curves.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-protections",
          "field": "protections",
          "label": "Protection functions",
          "originalValue": "Overvoltage, overcurrent, undervoltage, short-circuit and thermal shutdown",
          "condition": "Protection presence does not replace system fusing, wiring or hazard analysis.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-robot_transient_envelope",
          "field": "robot_transient_envelope",
          "label": "Robot transient-load and harness envelope",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "No cited source defines one robot battery impedance, cable, fuse, EMI filter, motor-regeneration event, cooling path and transient profile.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vicor-dcm3623t50m31c2t00-independent_power_validation",
          "field": "independent_power_validation",
          "label": "Independent robot power validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not powered, thermally instrumented, transient-tested or fault-tested this module.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vicor DCM3623x50M31C2yzz Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.vicorpower.com/documents/datasheets/DCM3623x50M31C2yzz_ds.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, thermal, protection and array-operation specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.6, June 2024"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Live price, stock, MOQ and lead time are volatile procurement observations and are intentionally excluded from durable claims.",
        "Peak efficiency and output power remain condition-dependent manufacturer values.",
        "No RCI module, harness, thermal, transient or fault test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-vector-vn1630a",
      "slug": "vector-vn1630a",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-vector",
      "officialModel": "VN1630A",
      "name": "Vector Informatik VN1630A",
      "aliases": [
        "Vector VN1630(A)",
        "VN1630A network interface"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "CAN/LIN network interface",
      "architecture": "Configurable Vector network interface represented at exact model identity with official transceiver, driver and operating-system support evidence",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.vector.com/int/en/download/vector-driver-setup-26-20-0-for-windows-10-and-11/",
      "summary": "This deliberately narrow record proves current exact-model support surfaces without copying unverified channel, connector or timestamp specifications from third-party manual mirrors.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-vector-vn1630a-product_state",
          "field": "product_state",
          "label": "Product state",
          "originalValue": "In production",
          "condition": "Vector transceiver-compatibility matrix state for VN1630(A).",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vector Transceiver Compatibility",
            "url": "https://support.vector.com/sys_attachment.do?sys_id=58e6aee13bfc62109a9c6a34c3e45aec",
            "location": "VN1630(A) product-state, bus-type and Piggyback compatibility matrix",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Vector KnowledgeBase, updated 2025-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vector-vn1630a-bus_types",
          "field": "bus_types",
          "label": "Documented bus types",
          "originalValue": "CAN / LIN",
          "condition": "Vector transceiver-compatibility matrix grouping for VN1630(A).",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vector Transceiver Compatibility",
            "url": "https://support.vector.com/sys_attachment.do?sys_id=58e6aee13bfc62109a9c6a34c3e45aec",
            "location": "VN1630(A) product-state, bus-type and Piggyback compatibility matrix",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Vector KnowledgeBase, updated 2025-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vector-vn1630a-driver",
          "field": "driver",
          "label": "Current listed driver",
          "originalValue": "26.10.10",
          "condition": "VN1610/VN1611/VN1630A/VN1640A entry within Driver Setup 26.20.0.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vector Driver Setup 26.20.0 for Windows 10 and 11",
            "url": "https://www.vector.com/int/en/download/vector-driver-setup-26-20-0-for-windows-10-and-11/",
            "location": "Supported device and driver-version table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Driver Setup 26.20.0; observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vector-vn1630a-operating_systems",
          "field": "operating_systems",
          "label": "Documented operating systems",
          "originalValue": "Windows 10 64-bit / Windows 11 64-bit",
          "condition": "Exact VN1630A row in the dated Vector operating-system support matrix.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Operating Systems Supported by Vector Products",
            "url": "https://support.vector.com/sys_attachment.do?sys_id=b5ff33983b0bfe104fcd6c3eb3e45a9b",
            "location": "VN1630A operating-system support row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Vector KnowledgeBase, updated 2026-02-10"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vector-vn1630a-exact_channel_configuration",
          "field": "exact_channel_configuration",
          "label": "Exact channel and installed-transceiver configuration",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected public matrices do not identify one shipped unit’s installed Piggybacks, connector mapping or bus-channel configuration.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vector Transceiver Compatibility",
            "url": "https://support.vector.com/sys_attachment.do?sys_id=58e6aee13bfc62109a9c6a34c3e45aec",
            "location": "VN1630(A) product-state, bus-type and Piggyback compatibility matrix",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Vector KnowledgeBase, updated 2025-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vector-vn1630a-timestamp_accuracy",
          "field": "timestamp_accuracy",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution and synchronized accuracy",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected official public evidence does not publish a complete numeric timestamp specification for this record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vector Driver Setup 26.20.0 for Windows 10 and 11",
            "url": "https://www.vector.com/int/en/download/vector-driver-setup-26-20-0-for-windows-10-and-11/",
            "location": "Supported device and driver-version table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Driver Setup 26.20.0; observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vector-vn1630a-robot_protocol_stack",
          "field": "robot_protocol_stack",
          "label": "Robot protocol and application configuration",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "CAN/LIN interface support does not establish CANopen, J1939 or a robot vendor application protocol, database, bitrate, termination or scheduler.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vector Driver Setup 26.20.0 for Windows 10 and 11",
            "url": "https://www.vector.com/int/en/download/vector-driver-setup-26-20-0-for-windows-10-and-11/",
            "location": "Supported device and driver-version table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Driver Setup 26.20.0; observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-vector-vn1630a-independent_bus_validation",
          "field": "independent_bus_validation",
          "label": "Independent robot-bus validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received the interface, installed a driver/license, captured frames, injected faults or measured latency and timestamp behavior.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Vector Driver Setup 26.20.0 for Windows 10 and 11",
            "url": "https://www.vector.com/int/en/download/vector-driver-setup-26-20-0-for-windows-10-and-11/",
            "location": "Supported device and driver-version table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Driver Setup 26.20.0; observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This record intentionally omits specifications that RCI found only in non-Vector mirrors.",
        "Exact installed Piggybacks, cables, termination, licenses, databases and software configuration remain unknown.",
        "No RCI physical interface, capture, timing or fault-injection test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690",
      "slug": "maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-maxon",
      "officialModel": "EC 20 flat iE 688690",
      "name": "maxon EC 20 flat iE (688690)",
      "aliases": [
        "688690",
        "EC 20 flat iE 2 W IP40 Enable/CW"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated brushless speed-controlled drive",
      "architecture": "EC flat brushless motor with Hall commutation and integrated ESCON-based digital four-quadrant speed controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
      "summary": "The order number, enclosure and control-input variant are retained. The record describes a compact integrated drive, not a complete robot joint with gearing, bearing, feedback, brake or independent thermal validation.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-order_number",
          "field": "order_number",
          "label": "Order number",
          "originalValue": "688690",
          "condition": "IP40, Enable activation / CW, 2 W catalog variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-architecture",
          "field": "architecture",
          "label": "Control architecture",
          "originalValue": "Brushless 4-quadrant speed-controlled drive with integrated digital controller",
          "condition": "Controller electronics are described as based on the maxon ESCON platform.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-nominal_supply",
          "field": "nominal_supply",
          "label": "Nominal supply voltage",
          "originalValue": "24",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Manufacturer technical-data table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-nominal_speed",
          "field": "nominal_speed",
          "label": "Nominal speed",
          "originalValue": "6000",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer operating-point table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Maximum continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "3.55",
          "originalUnit": "mN·m",
          "condition": "2 W variant under the operating-range conditions in the manual.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-short_time_torque",
          "field": "short_time_torque",
          "label": "Maximum short-time torque",
          "originalValue": "5.46",
          "originalUnit": "mN·m",
          "condition": "Not a continuous rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-max_speed",
          "field": "max_speed",
          "label": "Maximum permissible drive speed",
          "originalValue": "10000",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer limit, not a recommended continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-protection",
          "field": "protection",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP40",
          "condition": "Exact 688690 enclosure variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-temperature",
          "field": "temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "-40 to +40",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "The manual separately identifies an extended +40 to +85 °C range with derating conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-speed_monitor",
          "field": "speed_monitor",
          "label": "Speed-monitor output",
          "originalValue": "6 pulses per mechanical revolution",
          "condition": "Digital speed-monitor output.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-robot_joint_configuration",
          "field": "robot_joint_configuration",
          "label": "Complete robot-joint configuration",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited manual does not select a gearhead, bearing, encoder, brake, coupling, housing, lubrication or load cycle.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec20-flat-ie-688690-independent_joint_test",
          "field": "independent_joint_test",
          "label": "Independent joint-level validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, instrumented or endurance-tested this drive in a robot joint.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC 20 flat iE Operating Manual",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/medias/sys_master/root/9450437345310/EC-20-flat-iE-Operating-Manual-En.pdf",
            "location": "Available catalog versions, technical data and protective functions for order number 688690",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Edition 2025-07, DocID rel13172"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 5.46 mN·m value is a short-time limit and must not be presented as continuous torque.",
        "An integrated motor controller does not establish a robot-axis safety or motion-control system.",
        "No RCI physical, thermal, gearing, accuracy or life test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60",
      "slug": "zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-zivid",
      "officialModel": "Zivid 2+ M60 (ZVD2P-M60)",
      "name": "Zivid 2+ M60",
      "aliases": [
        "ZVD2P-M60",
        "Z2+ M60",
        "Zivid Two+ M60"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Industrial color structured-light 3D camera",
      "architecture": "Factory-calibrated 5 MP color structured-light camera with 10 GigE transport and native XYZ, RGB, normals and SNR point-cloud output",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.zivid.com/zivid-2-plus",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "The exact M60 SKU, revisioned datasheet and conditioned accuracy definitions are retained. Typical precision is not generalized outside the published distance, temperature, lighting, aperture, gain, engine and warm-up conditions.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-sku",
          "field": "sku",
          "label": "Order code",
          "originalValue": "ZVD2P-M60",
          "condition": "Product identification table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-technology",
          "field": "technology",
          "label": "3D technology",
          "originalValue": "Structured light",
          "condition": "Exact-model general specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-imaging",
          "field": "imaging",
          "label": "Imaging resolution",
          "originalValue": "2448 × 2048",
          "originalUnit": "pixels",
          "condition": "5.0 MP native color sensor output.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-focus_distance",
          "field": "focus_distance",
          "label": "Focus distance",
          "originalValue": "600",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "M60 exact-model focus distance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-recommended_distance",
          "field": "recommended_distance",
          "label": "Recommended working distance",
          "originalValue": "300–1100",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer recommended range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-field_of_view",
          "field": "field_of_view",
          "label": "Field of view at focus distance",
          "originalValue": "570 × 460",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "At 600 mm.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-point_precision",
          "field": "point_precision",
          "label": "Typical point precision",
          "originalValue": "80",
          "originalUnit": "µm",
          "condition": "At 600 mm under the complete common conditions listed in the datasheet, including 10-minute warm-up and applied in-field correction.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data connection",
          "originalValue": "10 GigE, M12 X-coded 8-pin",
          "condition": "Slower 1 GigE is supported but can reduce capture speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-ingress",
          "field": "ingress",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP65",
          "condition": "Datasheet enclosure boundary and fan-duct note apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power consumption",
          "originalValue": "15 W idle / 45 W TDP / 100 (120) W peak",
          "condition": "Distinct operating conditions; values must not be merged.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "1000",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Exact-model physical specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-robot_cell_calibration",
          "field": "robot_cell_calibration",
          "label": "Robot-cell hand-eye and scene calibration",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "Factory camera calibration does not establish robot hand-eye calibration, illumination, mounting stability or scene performance.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-zivid-2-plus-m60-zvd2p-m60-independent_capture_benchmark",
          "field": "independent_capture_benchmark",
          "label": "Independent RCI capture benchmark",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not captured a physical specimen, audited a calibration certificate or measured repeatability and latency.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Zivid 2+ M60 Technical Specification",
            "url": "https://www.zivid.com/hubfs/User%20guides%20and%20datasheets/Zivid%202%2B%20M60%20Datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "General, optical, accuracy, physical and identification specifications for SKU ZVD2P-M60",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Revision 1.2, July 2025"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Typical accuracy values remain conditioned manufacturer specifications.",
        "The camera alone does not establish host, network, SDK, calibration or robot-guidance performance.",
        "No RCI physical capture, calibration, timing or robot-cell benchmark exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc",
      "slug": "amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-amd",
      "officialModel": "SM-K26-XCL2GC",
      "name": "AMD Kria K26 SOM Commercial",
      "aliases": [
        "Kria K26 Commercial",
        "SM-K26-XCL2GC"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Adaptive edge-compute system-on-module",
      "architecture": "Zynq UltraScale+ MPSoC system-on-module combining Arm application and real-time processors, programmable logic, video codec, memory and high-speed I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
      "summary": "The commercial-grade part number is separated from the industrial variant and from Kria starter kits. Product-page architecture claims do not prove a complete robot carrier, thermal design, firmware image or sustained workload.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-part_number",
          "field": "part_number",
          "label": "Part number",
          "originalValue": "SM-K26-XCL2GC",
          "condition": "Commercial-grade exact product.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-application_processor",
          "field": "application_processor",
          "label": "Application processor",
          "originalValue": "Quad-core Arm Cortex-A53 up to 1.5 GHz",
          "condition": "Manufacturer general specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-real_time_processor",
          "field": "real_time_processor",
          "label": "Real-time processor",
          "originalValue": "Dual-core Arm Cortex-R5F up to 600 MHz",
          "condition": "Manufacturer general specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "On-SOM memory",
          "originalValue": "4 GB 64-bit DDR4 non-ECC / 16 GB eMMC",
          "condition": "Exact commercial SOM product page.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-logic_cells",
          "field": "logic_cells",
          "label": "System logic cells",
          "originalValue": "256",
          "originalUnit": "K",
          "condition": "Programmable-logic resource count.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-dsp_slices",
          "field": "dsp_slices",
          "label": "DSP slices",
          "originalValue": "1248",
          "condition": "Programmable-logic resource count.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "General processing-system connectivity",
          "originalValue": "2× USB 2.0, 2× SD/SDIO, 2× UART, 2× CAN 2.0B, 2× I2C, 2× SPI, 4× 32-bit GPIO",
          "condition": "SOM connectivity; carrier implementation remains separate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Typical / maximum power",
          "originalValue": "7.5 / 15",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page values; workload and carrier conditions are not specified here.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions with heat spreader",
          "originalValue": "77 × 60 × 11",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Exact SOM mechanical envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-temperature_grade",
          "field": "temperature_grade",
          "label": "Commercial temperature range",
          "originalValue": "0 to 85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Commercial variant boundary; not the industrial-grade range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-robot_carrier_image",
          "field": "robot_carrier_image",
          "label": "Exact robot carrier, firmware and software image",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The SOM product record does not establish one carrier, power supply, I/O implementation, boot image, accelerator design or maintained robot software stack.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-amd-kria-k26-commercial-sm-k26-xcl2gc-independent_robot_benchmark",
          "field": "independent_robot_benchmark",
          "label": "Independent sustained robot workload benchmark",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not powered this SOM or measured inference, control, I/O latency, thermal throttling or sustained power.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "AMD Kria K26 System-on-Module Commercial",
            "url": "https://www.amd.com/en/products/system-on-modules/kria/k26/k26c-commercial.html",
            "location": "Commercial-grade part number and general specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The commercial SOM must not be merged with the industrial variant or a Kria starter kit.",
        "Resource counts and peak architecture claims are not robot-application throughput.",
        "No RCI physical carrier, software, thermal or robot workload benchmark exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101",
      "slug": "inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-inventus-power",
      "officialModel": "S-2S1P-18650 / P/N 57658-101",
      "name": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650",
      "aliases": [
        "57658-101",
        "S-Series 2S1P 7.2 V 3.35 Ah"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Rechargeable lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "Two-series one-parallel 18650 lithium-ion pack with protection circuitry, thermistor lead and three-wire JST connector",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://inventuspower.com/product/s-2s1p-18650-lithium-ion-battery-pack/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
      "summary": "The exact pack part number, electrical limits and connector are retained. The pack is not presented as a robot drop-in battery because charger, fuse, enclosure, duty, telemetry and system-safety evidence remain separate.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-part_number",
          "field": "part_number",
          "label": "Part number",
          "originalValue": "57658-101",
          "condition": "Exact datasheet identity.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "7.2",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Pack-level nominal value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-rated_capacity",
          "field": "rated_capacity",
          "label": "Rated capacity",
          "originalValue": "3.35",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Manufacturer rated capacity.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-nominal_energy",
          "field": "nominal_energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "24.12",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Lithium-ion Battery Pack",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/product/s-2s1p-18650-lithium-ion-battery-pack/",
            "location": "Exact model identity and product-level headline specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-charge_voltage",
          "field": "charge_voltage",
          "label": "Maximum / recommended charge voltage",
          "originalValue": "8.4 max / 8.2 recommended",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Use a compatible controlled charger.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-continuous_discharge",
          "field": "continuous_discharge",
          "label": "Continuous maximum discharge current",
          "originalValue": "5.0 A (-10 to 60 °C); 2.0 A (-30 to -10 °C); 0.68 A (-40 to -30 °C)",
          "condition": "Temperature-banded limits must remain attached.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-cycle_life",
          "field": "cycle_life",
          "label": "Cycle-life boundary",
          "originalValue": "70% initial capacity after 500 cycles",
          "condition": "Manufacturer statement; complete cycle conditions are not reproduced as an independent result.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Maximum dimensions",
          "originalValue": "67.2 × 38.2 × 22.0",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Pack envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "100 ± 5",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Manufacturer physical specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-connector",
          "field": "connector",
          "label": "Connector",
          "originalValue": "JST VHR-3N; red Pack+, yellow thermistor, black Pack−",
          "condition": "Connector and wire-function definition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-regulatory_boundary",
          "field": "regulatory_boundary",
          "label": "Regulatory statement",
          "originalValue": "Designed to meet UNDOT, IEC 62133-2:2017 and UL 2054; certification upon customer request",
          "condition": "The datasheet explicitly does not state completed certification for this configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-robot_power_system",
          "field": "robot_power_system",
          "label": "Robot charger, fuse, enclosure and duty configuration",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "No cited source defines a complete robot power system, load transients, regeneration path, protection coordination or mechanical enclosure.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inventus-s-2s1p-18650-57658-101-independent_cycle_safety_test",
          "field": "independent_cycle_safety_test",
          "label": "Independent cycle, abuse and safety validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, cycled, opened, fault-tested or abuse-tested this pack.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inventus Power S-2S1P-18650 Technical Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://inventuspower.com/wp-content/uploads/IP_TDS_2S1P-18650_Jan-2024_V1.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical, thermal, mechanical, connector and regulatory table for P/N 57658-101",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "January 2024, Version 1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Designed-to-meet language is not a completed certificate and must remain qualified.",
        "Current limits are temperature-conditioned and do not establish robot peak-load suitability.",
        "No RCI pack, charger, enclosure, cycle, transient or safety test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022",
      "slug": "peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-peak-system",
      "officialModel": "PCAN-USB FD IPEH-004022",
      "name": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD (USB-A)",
      "aliases": [
        "IPEH-004022",
        "PCAN-USB FD USB-A"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "USB-to-CAN/CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "Single high-speed CAN physical interface with FPGA CAN FD controller, NXP TJA1044GT transceiver, USB-A host connection and galvanic isolation",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
      "summary": "The USB-A order number is separated from the USB-C variant. Bus-rate, isolation and timestamp specifications do not establish a robot protocol, cabling, termination or end-to-end synchronized latency.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-order_number",
          "field": "order_number",
          "label": "Order number",
          "originalValue": "IPEH-004022",
          "condition": "USB-A connector variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "High-speed USB 2.0, USB-A",
          "condition": "USB 1.1 and USB 3.0 compatibility is also stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-can_standard",
          "field": "can_standard",
          "label": "CAN support",
          "originalValue": "CAN 2.0 A/B and CAN FD; ISO and non-ISO CAN FD switchable",
          "condition": "Manufacturer technical specifications.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-can_fd_rate",
          "field": "can_fd_rate",
          "label": "CAN FD data-field bit-rate range",
          "originalValue": "25 kbit/s to 12 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Up to 64 data bytes per CAN FD frame.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-classic_can_rate",
          "field": "classic_can_rate",
          "label": "Classic CAN bit-rate range",
          "originalValue": "25 kbit/s to 1 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "High-speed CAN physical layer.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-timestamp_resolution",
          "field": "timestamp_resolution",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Resolution is not the same as synchronized system accuracy.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-transceiver",
          "field": "transceiver",
          "label": "CAN transceiver",
          "originalValue": "NXP TJA1044GT",
          "condition": "Exact product-page hardware statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "Up to 500",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "PC-to-CAN-bus isolation claim.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-connector",
          "field": "connector",
          "label": "CAN connector",
          "originalValue": "D-Sub 9-pin, CiA 106",
          "condition": "Physical connector statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-temperature",
          "field": "temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature range",
          "originalValue": "-40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Manufacturer extended range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-robot_bus_configuration",
          "field": "robot_bus_configuration",
          "label": "Robot protocol, cable and termination configuration",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The interface product page does not establish CANopen/J1939/vendor protocol, database, bus topology, cable, termination, scheduler or host application.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-peak-pcan-usb-fd-ipeh-004022-independent_bus_test",
          "field": "independent_bus_test",
          "label": "Independent timing and fault-recovery validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not captured traffic, measured latency, synchronized timestamps or injected bus faults with this device.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "PEAK-System PCAN-USB FD",
            "url": "https://www.peak-system.com/products/hardware/external-pc-interfaces/pcan-usb-fd/?L=1",
            "location": "Technical specifications and exact USB-A scope-of-supply order number IPEH-004022",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The USB-A and USB-C order numbers must not be merged.",
        "Timestamp resolution is not an end-to-end timing-accuracy result.",
        "No RCI physical capture, latency, synchronization or fault-injection test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100",
      "slug": "beckhoff-cx5130-0100",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-beckhoff",
      "officialModel": "CX5130-0100",
      "name": "Beckhoff CX5130-0100",
      "aliases": [
        "CX5130 CPU module, no OS, no TwinCAT"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "DIN-rail embedded industrial PC",
      "architecture": "Passively cooled embedded PC with Intel Atom E3827, local storage slots, Ethernet/USB/display interfaces and direct E-bus or K-bus I/O attachment",
      "lifecycleStatus": "legacy",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
      "summary": "The exact -0100 order suffix is retained: no operating system and no TwinCAT are included. CPU-module specifications do not establish a complete real-time robot controller, I/O terminal set, licenses or deterministic performance.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-order_number",
          "field": "order_number",
          "label": "Order number",
          "originalValue": "CX5130-0100",
          "condition": "CPU module, no operating system, no TwinCAT.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-processor",
          "field": "processor",
          "label": "Processor",
          "originalValue": "Intel Atom E3827, 1.75 GHz",
          "condition": "Two-core processor.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Main memory",
          "originalValue": "4 GB DDR3 RAM, not expandable",
          "condition": "Base CPU-module specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "Storage interfaces",
          "originalValue": "CFast and microSD slots; cards not included",
          "condition": "No storage medium is included in the order suffix.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-interfaces",
          "field": "interfaces",
          "label": "Base interfaces",
          "originalValue": "2× Gigabit Ethernet, DVI-I, 4× USB 2.0, 1× optional interface",
          "condition": "Optional interface is not selected by -0100.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-io_connection",
          "field": "io_connection",
          "label": "I/O connection",
          "originalValue": "E-bus or K-bus with automatic recognition",
          "condition": "I/O terminals remain separately selected.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-power_supply",
          "field": "power_supply",
          "label": "Power supply",
          "originalValue": "24 VDC (-15% / +20%)",
          "condition": "Manufacturer power-input specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-max_power",
          "field": "max_power",
          "label": "Maximum power consumption",
          "originalValue": "14",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "20 W while loading the integrated UPS.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-temperature",
          "field": "temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "-25 to +60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Manufacturer environmental specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "142 × 100 × 92",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Width × height × depth.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "Approximately 1095",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Base module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-robot_controller_configuration",
          "field": "robot_controller_configuration",
          "label": "Complete robot-control configuration",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The -0100 module excludes OS and TwinCAT and does not identify I/O terminals, runtime licenses, fieldbus option, safety system, storage image or robot application.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-beckhoff-cx5130-0100-independent_realtime_test",
          "field": "independent_realtime_test",
          "label": "Independent real-time and jitter validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not run TwinCAT or another runtime, measured cycle jitter or validated a robot-control topology on this module.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Beckhoff CX5130 Embedded PC",
            "url": "https://www.beckhoff.com/en-us/products/ipc/embedded-pcs/cx5100-intel-atom-r/cx5130.html",
            "location": "Technical data and exact CX5130-0100 ordering row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The cited product family is not recommended for new projects; this exact order suffix is retained as a legacy selection boundary.",
        "No operating system or TwinCAT runtime is included in CX5130-0100.",
        "No RCI physical, I/O, real-time, thermal or robot-control test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57",
      "slug": "nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-nabtesco",
      "officialModel": "RV-20E (ratio 57)",
      "name": "Nabtesco RV-20E, ratio 57",
      "aliases": [
        "RV-20E 57:1",
        "RV-E size 20 ratio 57"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Cycloidal precision reduction-gear component",
      "architecture": "RV-E component reducer with internal main bearing; the customer integrates the input, housing, lubrication and robot-side structure",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/download/pdf/Product_guide_en.pdf",
      "summary": "The RV-20E size and ratio-57 row are kept together so ratings from another ratio or RV product form cannot silently migrate into this record. It remains a customer-integrated reducer component, not a complete robot joint or actuator.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-model_configuration",
          "field": "model_configuration",
          "label": "Model and selected ratio",
          "originalValue": "RV-20E, ratio 57",
          "condition": "Exact RV-E table row; the public table does not expose a complete option-suffixed purchase code.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-product_form",
          "field": "product_form",
          "label": "Product form",
          "originalValue": "Component reducer with internal main bearing",
          "condition": "Customer integrates the component into its own design.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "167",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Ratio-57 RV-20E row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-momentary_max_torque",
          "field": "momentary_max_torque",
          "label": "Momentary maximum allowable torque",
          "originalValue": "412",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table rating; not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-rated_output_speed",
          "field": "rated_output_speed",
          "label": "Rated output speed",
          "originalValue": "15",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-rated_life",
          "field": "rated_life",
          "label": "Rated life",
          "originalValue": "6000",
          "originalUnit": "h",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table value; load spectrum, mounting and lubrication must still match the selection conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "Less than 1",
          "originalUnit": "arc.min",
          "condition": "Exact-series public table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-lost_motion",
          "field": "lost_motion",
          "label": "Lost motion",
          "originalValue": "Less than 1",
          "originalUnit": "arc.min",
          "condition": "Exact-series public table; not a measured assembled-joint result.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-torsional_rigidity",
          "field": "torsional_rigidity",
          "label": "Torsional rigidity",
          "originalValue": "49",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/arc.min",
          "condition": "Ratio-57 RV-20E row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "4.7",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-complete_purchase_suffix",
          "field": "complete_purchase_suffix",
          "label": "Complete option-suffixed purchase code and current availability",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited public table identifies model and ratio but does not expose a complete regional order code, revision, price, lead time or PCN/EOL state.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-20e-ratio-57-independent_joint_test",
          "field": "independent_joint_test",
          "label": "Independent assembled-joint validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, instrumented, lubricated, loaded or life-tested this reducer in a robot joint.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-E product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-E",
            "location": "RV-20E ratio-57 selection row, product form, ratings, rigidity, life and integration boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The ratio-57 ratings must not be generalized to another RV-20E ratio or another RV product form.",
        "Backlash and lost-motion table values are manufacturer specifications, not RCI joint measurements.",
        "No complete order suffix, current supply confirmation or RCI physical test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robosense-m2",
      "slug": "robosense-m2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robosense",
      "officialModel": "M2",
      "name": "RoboSense M2",
      "aliases": [
        "RoboSense M Platform M2",
        "RS M2 mid-range LiDAR"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Automotive-grade mid-range digital LiDAR",
      "architecture": "M-platform two-dimensional scanning LiDAR with a shared modular form factor and a high-density region of interest",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
      "summary": "The exact M2 page is retained, including the 10% reflectivity range condition, average angular sampling and single-return point rate. Platform-level qualification and supplier test-hour statements are not promoted to an independent M2 robot benchmark.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-model",
          "field": "model",
          "label": "Model",
          "originalValue": "M2",
          "condition": "Third mid-range LiDAR in the RoboSense M platform.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-maximum_range",
          "field": "maximum_range",
          "label": "Headline maximum range",
          "originalValue": "250",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer headline value; target and detection conditions are not stated beside this number.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-range_10_percent",
          "field": "range_10_percent",
          "label": "Range at 10% reflectivity",
          "originalValue": "200",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer comparison table condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-angular_resolution",
          "field": "angular_resolution",
          "label": "Average angular resolution (H × V)",
          "originalValue": "0.1 × 0.2",
          "originalUnit": "deg",
          "condition": "General scan field.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-roi_angular_resolution",
          "field": "roi_angular_resolution",
          "label": "Average ROI angular resolution (H × V)",
          "originalValue": "0.1 × 0.1",
          "originalUnit": "deg",
          "condition": "Region-of-interest value, not the entire scan field.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "1,575,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Single-return mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "111 × 110 × 45",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Depth × width × height.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass without cable",
          "originalValue": "690 ± 20",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Manufacturer comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-platform_commonality",
          "field": "platform_commonality",
          "label": "M1 Plus component commonality statement",
          "originalValue": "More than 90%",
          "condition": "Manufacturer platform statement; this is not a field-replaceability or interoperability result.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-qualification_boundary",
          "field": "qualification_boundary",
          "label": "Qualification statement",
          "originalValue": "M platform ISO 26262 ASIL B; scanning chip AEC-Q100",
          "condition": "Platform- and chip-level boundary exactly as stated; not generalized to a complete robot system.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-robot_integration_identity",
          "field": "robot_integration_identity",
          "label": "Exact firmware, packet, clock, cable and robot integration identity",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited public page does not publish a complete firmware/SDK/packet version, timestamp path, synchronization accuracy, connector pinout or robot calibration.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robosense-m2-independent_sensor_benchmark",
          "field": "independent_sensor_benchmark",
          "label": "Independent RCI range and perception benchmark",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received an M2, captured packets, measured range, audited calibration or validated localization and obstacle detection.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "RoboSense M2 product specification",
            "url": "https://www.robosense.ai/en/rslidar/M2",
            "location": "M2 range, angular sampling, point rate, mass, dimensions and platform-level qualification boundary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 250 m headline and 200 m at 10% reflectivity are separate claims and must remain separate.",
        "Average ROI sampling is not whole-field angular resolution or object-detection accuracy.",
        "No RCI physical sensor, packet, timing, calibration or robot-perception test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el",
      "slug": "moxa-eds-2008-el",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-moxa",
      "officialModel": "EDS-2008-EL",
      "name": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL",
      "aliases": [
        "EDS-2008-EL 8-port copper",
        "EDS-2008-EL standard-temperature"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "DIN-rail unmanaged Fast Ethernet switch",
      "architecture": "Eight-port copper store-and-forward industrial Ethernet switch with DIP-selectable QoS and broadcast-storm protection",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.moxa.com/getmedia/30991451-ee98-494a-b889-046bca37678e/moxa-eds-2008-el-series-datasheet-v1.7.pdf",
      "summary": "The standard-temperature eight-copper-port EDS-2008-EL is separated from fiber and -T variants. Industrial Ethernet support and QoS controls do not establish deterministic robot-control latency, synchronization, redundancy or cybersecurity.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-model",
          "field": "model",
          "label": "Exact model",
          "originalValue": "EDS-2008-EL",
          "condition": "Eight RJ45 copper ports; no fiber suffix and no -T suffix.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-ports",
          "field": "ports",
          "label": "Copper Ethernet ports",
          "originalValue": "8 × 10/100BaseT(X) RJ45",
          "condition": "Full/half duplex, auto MDI/MDI-X and auto negotiation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-standards",
          "field": "standards",
          "label": "Ethernet standards",
          "originalValue": "IEEE 802.3, 802.3u, 802.3x and 802.1p",
          "condition": "Manufacturer standards list.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-forwarding",
          "field": "forwarding",
          "label": "Processing type",
          "originalValue": "Store and forward",
          "condition": "Switch property.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-mac_table",
          "field": "mac_table",
          "label": "MAC table size",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "originalUnit": "K entries",
          "condition": "Switch property.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-packet_buffer",
          "field": "packet_buffer",
          "label": "Packet buffer size",
          "originalValue": "768",
          "originalUnit": "kbit",
          "condition": "Switch property.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-power_input",
          "field": "power_input",
          "label": "Nominal input options",
          "originalValue": "12 / 24 / 48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Single removable two-contact terminal block.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-operating_voltage",
          "field": "operating_voltage",
          "label": "Operating voltage range",
          "originalValue": "9.6 to 60",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Manufacturer electrical range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "36 × 81 × 65",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Exact copper-only model.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-temperature",
          "field": "temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "-10 to +60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Standard model; the -T variant is a separate -40 to +75 °C product.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-protection",
          "field": "protection",
          "label": "Electrical protection",
          "originalValue": "Overload-current and reverse-polarity protection supported",
          "condition": "Product-page statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-deterministic_robot_network",
          "field": "deterministic_robot_network",
          "label": "Deterministic robot-network behavior and synchronization",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited source does not publish robot-cycle latency, jitter, PTP/PTCP accuracy, redundancy recovery or a validated controller topology.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-moxa-eds-2008-el-independent_network_test",
          "field": "independent_network_test",
          "label": "Independent traffic, fault and security validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received this switch, saturated ports, measured latency, injected faults or reviewed its deployed security configuration.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Moxa EDS-2008-EL product specification",
            "url": "https://www.moxa.com/en/products/industrial-network-infrastructure/ethernet-switches/unmanaged-switches/eds-2008-el-series/eds-2008-el",
            "location": "Exact copper-port variant, switching, power, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live exact-model page observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Fiber and wide-temperature suffixes are separate products and must not be merged into this record.",
        "QoS and PROFINET-related controls do not prove deterministic robot motion performance.",
        "No RCI physical traffic, timing, failover or cybersecurity test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00",
      "slug": "kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kollmorgen",
      "officialModel": "TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
      "name": "Kollmorgen TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
      "aliases": [
        "TBM2G-07608A",
        "TBM2G 76 frame 08 stack A winding NNAA-00"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Low-voltage frameless brushless torque motor kit",
      "architecture": "Separate armature/sensor and field assemblies requiring customer-provided bearings, shaft, housing, rotor retention, feedback integration and thermal path",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/en-us/products/motors/direct-drive/tbm2g-series-frameless",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
      "summary": "The full catalog example configuration freezes frame, stack, winding, thermal-device, sensor, connection, field and custom fields. Published torque is retained with winding-temperature rise, ambient, housing, heatsink and sinusoidal-commutation conditions.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-configuration_code",
          "field": "configuration_code",
          "label": "Configuration code",
          "originalValue": "TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
          "condition": "Catalog ordering-code example: 076 frame, 08 stack, A winding, NNAA options, standard custom code 00.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-supplied_form",
          "field": "supplied_form",
          "label": "Supplied form",
          "originalValue": "Two separate components: armature/sensor assembly and field assembly",
          "condition": "Customer supplies the finished actuator structure.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-equivalent_line_voltage",
          "field": "equivalent_line_voltage",
          "label": "Rated equivalent line voltage",
          "originalValue": "48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "A-winding 07608 performance table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-max_continuous_torque_130c",
          "field": "max_continuous_torque_130c",
          "label": "Maximum continuous torque at 130 °C winding rise",
          "originalValue": "0.89",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "25 °C ambient, housing and specified heatsink; may be limited by Vbus.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-max_continuous_torque_60c",
          "field": "max_continuous_torque_60c",
          "label": "Maximum continuous torque at 60 °C winding rise",
          "originalValue": "0.70",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "25 °C ambient, housing and specified heatsink; separate thermal boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-peak_torque",
          "field": "peak_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "2.23",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer peak rating; drive current can limit realization.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-max_speed",
          "field": "max_speed",
          "label": "Maximum mechanical speed",
          "originalValue": "8000",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Mechanical limit, not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-hot_torque_constant",
          "field": "hot_torque_constant",
          "label": "Hot torque constant",
          "originalValue": "0.193 ±10%",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/Arms",
          "condition": "A winding, with housing and heatsink, without leads.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-cold_torque_constant",
          "field": "cold_torque_constant",
          "label": "Cold torque constant",
          "originalValue": "0.216 ±10%",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/Arms",
          "condition": "Measured at 25 °C without leads.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Estimated motor-kit mass",
          "originalValue": "0.236",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "07608 stack estimated value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-pole_pairs",
          "field": "pole_pairs",
          "label": "Pole pairs",
          "originalValue": "10",
          "condition": "07608 series parameter.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-complete_joint_configuration",
          "field": "complete_joint_configuration",
          "label": "Complete bearing, shaft, housing, feedback, brake and drive configuration",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The frameless motor code does not establish a finished robot joint, air gap, rotor retention, encoder, brake, drive, cable, tuning or safety architecture.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-07608-a-nnaa-00-independent_joint_test",
          "field": "independent_joint_test",
          "label": "Independent assembled-joint thermal and torque validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, assembled, commutated, loaded or thermally tested this motor kit.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G-07608A performance data and full example configuration TBM2G-07608-A-NNAA-00",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev A"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Continuous torque is conditional on winding-temperature rise, ambient, housing, heatsink and commutation.",
        "The frameless kit is not a finished actuator and does not include the customer joint structure.",
        "No RCI physical assembly, torque, thermal, ripple, tuning or life test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t",
      "slug": "robotis-xm430-w210-t",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XM430-W210-T",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T",
      "aliases": [
        "XM430-W210-T/R family — TTL T variant",
        "DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "TTL networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, 212.6:1 full-metal gearing, absolute encoder, current sensing and embedded controller with TTL half-duplex multidrop communication",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
      "summary": "This record freezes the TTL “T” communication suffix used by the TurtleBot3 Waffle Pi BOM. The official page combines T/R mechanical performance, so RCI carries only the explicitly suffix-specific TTL interface into this exact T record and keeps stall torque separate from continuous output.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-13",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-model_interface_suffix",
          "field": "model_interface_suffix",
          "label": "Exact model and communication suffix",
          "originalValue": "XM430-W210-T; TTL half-duplex multidrop",
          "condition": "The T suffix is selected; the R suffix is the separate RS-485 interface variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-mcu",
          "field": "mcu",
          "label": "Microcontroller",
          "originalValue": "32-bit ARM Cortex-M3 at 72 MHz",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Position sensor",
          "originalValue": "AS5045 contactless absolute encoder, 12-bit over 360°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-resolution",
          "field": "resolution",
          "label": "Position resolution",
          "originalValue": "4096",
          "originalUnit": "pulse/rev",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15",
          "originalUnit": "arcmin",
          "condition": "Manufacturer also expresses this as 0.25°; no RCI measurement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "82",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Actuator only; external brackets and cables are not included.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "28.5 × 46.5 × 34",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Width × height × depth.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "212.6:1",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall-torque references",
          "originalValue": "2.7 N·m at 11.1 V / 2.1 A; 3.0 N·m at 12.0 V / 2.3 A; 3.7 N·m at 14.8 V / 2.7 A",
          "condition": "Momentary stall references only. ROBOTIS explicitly warns that stall torque differs from continuous output and expected real-world performance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load-speed references",
          "originalValue": "70 rpm at 11.1 V; 77 rpm at 12.0 V; 95 rpm at 14.8 V",
          "condition": "No-load endpoints; they are not loaded operating points and cannot be combined with stall torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "10.0–14.8; 12.0 recommended",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Manufacturer electrical range and recommended value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical communication",
          "originalValue": "TTL half-duplex asynchronous serial; 8 data bits, 1 stop bit, no parity; 9,600 bps–4.5 Mbps",
          "condition": "Exact T-suffix interface boundary; packet protocol, baud setting, bus topology and firmware still must be fixed for one robot.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-operating_temperature",
          "field": "operating_temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−5 to +80",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Published device range; not a thermal duty envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous or thermally rated output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited official evidence publishes stall and performance-graph references but no continuous or thermally rated torque envelope, duty-cycle limit, cooling condition or allowable stall duration.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-actuator robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, serialised, loaded, thermally instrumented or endurance-tested an XM430-W210-T or a TurtleBot3 Waffle Pi.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM430-W210-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm430-w210/",
            "location": "XM430-W210 specifications, T/R interface boundary, performance-reference warning and control-table surface",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official e-Manual observed 2026-08-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-13",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The T and R suffixes share mechanical specifications but use different physical communication interfaces; this record selects TTL T only.",
        "Stall torque and no-load speed are opposite endpoints and must not be presented as a simultaneous or continuous operating point.",
        "No continuous-duty envelope, serialised specimen, RCI torque test, thermal test or Waffle Pi physical rebuild exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6",
      "slug": "unitree-go-m8010-6",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-unitree",
      "officialModel": "GO-M8010-6",
      "name": "Unitree GO-M8010-6",
      "aliases": [
        "GO Motor",
        "GO1 joint motor"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated rotary joint actuator",
      "architecture": "Permanent magnet synchronous motor with 6.33:1 reduction, built-in FOC control, absolute encoder, temperature sensor and RS-485 communication in one joint module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
      "summary": "The joint module Unitree uses twelve of in the Go1 quadruped, sold as a standalone actuator. The official page publishes maximum torque and speed as endpoints tied to the 6.33 reduction ratio and a 24°C measurement note; no continuous or thermally rated torque envelope is published.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Maximum torque",
          "originalValue": "23.7",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Endpoint value only. The official page states the maximum torque of 23.7 NM is reached at a reduction ratio of 6.33 and notes “Measured at 24°C”; it is not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum rotational speed",
          "originalValue": "30",
          "originalUnit": "rad/s",
          "condition": "At 24 VDC; no-load-style endpoint at the 6.33 reduction ratio, not a loaded operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "1:6.33",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-torque_constant",
          "field": "torque_constant",
          "label": "Torque constant",
          "originalValue": "0.63895",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/A",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification; the page does not state whether this is rotor-side or output-side.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-max_current",
          "field": "max_current",
          "label": "Maximum current",
          "originalValue": "40",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Published as “Maximum Current”; duty and thermal boundary are not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Working voltage",
          "originalValue": "12V～30VDC, 24VDC recommend",
          "condition": "Transcribed as published in the Product Parameters table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "About 530",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Published with the “About” qualifier.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Size",
          "originalValue": "96.5 × 92.5 × 42.3",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "RS-485; 4 Mbps baud rate; 6000 Hz communication control frequency",
          "condition": "Physical bus and published rates; packet protocol and multidrop termination requirements must still be fixed from the SDK documentation for one robot.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Motor encoder resolution",
          "originalValue": "15",
          "originalUnit": "bit",
          "condition": "The description names an absolute value encoder; the parameter table gives motor-encoder resolution only.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-operating_temperature",
          "field": "operating_temperature",
          "label": "Operation environment",
          "originalValue": "−5 to +40",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Published device range; not a thermal duty envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-control_interface",
          "field": "control_interface",
          "label": "Feedback and control quantities",
          "originalValue": "Feedback: torque, angle, angular velocity, temperature. Commands: torque, angle, angular velocity, stiffness, damping",
          "condition": "As listed in the Product Parameters table; command values address the rotor side per the official actuator SDK.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous or thermally rated output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited official evidence publishes a maximum-torque endpoint with a 24°C measurement note but no continuous or thermally rated torque envelope, duty-cycle limit, cooling condition or allowable stall duration.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-unitree-go-m8010-6-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-actuator robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, serialised, loaded, thermally instrumented or endurance-tested a GO-M8010-6.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Unitree GO Motor — Bionic Robot Joint Motor product page",
            "url": "https://www.unitree.com/mobile/go1/motor/",
            "location": "Product Parameters table and driving-force description section",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Maximum torque and maximum speed are opposite endpoints tied to the 6.33 reduction ratio and a 24°C note; they must not be combined into one operating point or read as continuous ratings.",
        "No continuous-duty torque envelope is published on the cited official page.",
        "The official actuator SDK addresses commands to the rotor side; output-side gains and torques require explicit conversion that this record does not encode.",
        "No serialised specimen, RCI torque test or thermal test exists for this record."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3",
      "slug": "mjbots-qdd100-beta-3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-mjbots",
      "officialModel": "qdd100 beta 3",
      "name": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3",
      "aliases": [
        "qdd100",
        "qdd100 beta 3 servo"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "Quasi-direct-drive brushless servo: outrunner motor with 6x planetary reduction and integrated high-rate FOC controller communicating over CAN-FD",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
      "summary": "This record freezes the third beta revision of the mjbots quasi-direct-drive servo. The official page is unusually explicit about torque-versus-time behaviour, publishing a four-step torque-duration ladder down to an indefinite 3.3 N·m point under one stated thermal condition. The page also states the unit is not currently stocked and carries a 50-unit minimum order.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "16",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Endpoint held for less than 1 s, “measured at zero speed, ambient 20C lab, 24V input, no airflow or heatsink until limiting occurs”; not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Indefinite-duration torque",
          "originalValue": "3.3",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Published as “3.3 Nm - Indefinite” under the same stated condition: zero speed, ambient 20°C lab, 24 V input, no airflow or heatsink until limiting occurs.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-torque_endurance",
          "field": "torque_endurance",
          "label": "Intermediate torque-duration steps",
          "originalValue": "10 N·m for 60 s; 6 N·m for 400 s",
          "condition": "Same stated measurement condition as the peak and indefinite points.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Peak speed",
          "originalValue": "3,600 dps at 36 V; 2,300 dps at 24 V",
          "condition": "Peak endpoints; they cannot be combined with the torque figures into one operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Planetary reduction",
          "originalValue": "6x",
          "condition": "The official accessory page describes the M0.5 steel gearset as “for a 6x planetary gearbox, like used in the qdd100”; the qdd100 beta 3 product page itself does not restate the ratio.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots M0.5 6x Reduction Planetary Gearset product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/m05-6x-planetary-gearset",
            "location": "Product description identifying the 6x planetary gearbox as used in the qdd100",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official accessory page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "507",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Envelope",
          "originalValue": "100 mm outer diameter × 44 mm thickness",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification; test method is not disclosed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Voltage input range",
          "originalValue": "10–44",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-peak_power",
          "field": "peak_power",
          "label": "Peak power",
          "originalValue": "500",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Peak value; no continuous power rating is published.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication and control rate",
          "originalValue": "5 Mbps CAN-FD; 15–30 kHz control rate",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification; register protocol and host tooling must still be fixed for one robot.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-connectors",
          "field": "connectors",
          "label": "Connectors",
          "originalValue": "2× XT-30 (power); 2× JST PH-3 (data)",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-availability",
          "field": "availability",
          "label": "Published availability status",
          "originalValue": "NOT CURRENTLY STOCKED, MINIMUM ORDER QTY 50",
          "condition": "Availability banner on the official product page on the verification date; contact address given as info@mjbots.com.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-mjbots-qdd100-beta-3-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-actuator robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, serialised, loaded, thermally instrumented or endurance-tested a qdd100 beta 3.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "mjbots qdd100 beta 3 servo product page",
            "url": "https://mjbots.com/products/qdd100-beta-3",
            "location": "Specifications list and availability banner on the product page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official Shopify product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "All published torque points, including the indefinite 3.3 N·m value, apply only at zero speed, 20°C ambient, 24 V input, no airflow and no heatsink; moving-load and enclosed-joint behaviour is not covered.",
        "Peak torque and peak speed are endpoints and must not be presented as a simultaneous or continuous operating point.",
        "The official page states the unit is not currently stocked and carries a 50-unit minimum order; procurement status must be re-verified before design-in.",
        "No serialised specimen, RCI torque test or thermal test exists for this record."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2",
      "slug": "myactuator-x8-25-v2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-myactuator",
      "officialModel": "RMD-X8-P9-25-C-N",
      "name": "MYACTUATOR X8-25 V2 (previously RMD-X8 Pro 1:9)",
      "aliases": [
        "X8-25",
        "RMD-X8-Pro 1:9",
        "RMD-X8-P9-25-R-N (RS-485 variant)"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "9:1 planetary reduction, brushless motor, 18-bit encoder and FOC driver in a Ø98 mm actuator module with CAN and RS-485 communication",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-25-details",
      "summary": "This record freezes the CAN-bus, no-brake product code RMD-X8-P9-25-C-N. The official details page states the previous name of this actuator was RMD-X8 Pro 1:9 and today lists it under the V2 single-encoder generation, not V3; the RS-485 code RMD-X8-P9-25-R-N shares the same parameter table. Unusually for this vendor, the parameter image defines the rated-torque test method as a thermal-balance long-term working point.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-model_identity",
          "field": "model_identity",
          "label": "Exact product codes and previous name",
          "originalValue": "RMD-X8-P9-25-C-N (code 1102030090130100); RMD-X8-P9-25-R-N (code 1102030090230100); previous name RMD-X8-Pro 1:9",
          "condition": "N designates without brake; the page states the standard motor does not support a brake or IP54 and supports CAN BUS and RS485.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V2-X8-25 details page",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-25-details",
            "location": "Product-number table, previous-name statement and nomenclature key",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official details page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "9",
          "condition": "P9 in the model name is defined by the nomenclature key as the planetary reduction ratio; the parameter table lists gear ratio 9.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "48",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Single published value; no tolerance band is given in the parameter table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque with published thermal test method",
          "originalValue": "10",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "The table footnote defines the rated-torque test: ambient 24°C with no other heat dissipation methods, tested at rated speed, torque at temperature balance under a 60°C temperature rise, stated as “the long-term working point”.",
          "note": "RCI carries this as the manufacturer-defined thermally balanced long-term point; it is not an RCI measurement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "25",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak endpoint (peak current 8 A); the trailing 25 in the model name is defined as peak torque. Not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "110",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Rated speed at which the rated-torque thermal test is performed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-rated_power",
          "field": "rated_power",
          "label": "Rated power and rated current",
          "originalValue": "125 W; 3.2 A",
          "condition": "Parameter-table values; efficiency listed as 80%.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "0.71",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "Parameter-table value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Envelope",
          "originalValue": "Ø98 × 51",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "From the installation drawing on the parameter image; mounting interfaces are M4/M5 patterns on PCD 84/28/31.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "10",
          "originalUnit": "arcmin",
          "condition": "Parameter-table value; test method is not disclosed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-backdrive_torque",
          "field": "backdrive_torque",
          "label": "Anti-force (back-drive) torque",
          "originalValue": "0.61",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Parameter-table value; test method is not disclosed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder",
          "originalValue": "18-bit encoder type; single-encoder generation",
          "condition": "The details page carries a “Single Encoder” banner for this V2 product; the table lists encoder type 18 bit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN: 1 M; RS485: 115200 / 500 K / 1 M / 2.5 M",
          "condition": "Parameter-table row; this record freezes the CAN product code, with the RS-485 code sharing the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-load_ratings",
          "field": "load_ratings",
          "label": "Payload and inertia figures",
          "originalValue": "Axial payload 985 N; radial payload 1250 N; inertia 30.6 kg·cm²; pole pairs 21",
          "condition": "Parameter-table values; load-rating test methods are not disclosed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-25-v2-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-actuator robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, serialised, loaded, thermally instrumented or endurance-tested an RMD-X8-P9-25-C-N.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR X8-25-V2-en technical-parameter image",
            "url": "https://static.wixstatic.com/media/cab28a_6f8e8ce41b4b46889c2e5b29056a3871~mv2.jpg",
            "location": "Product-parameters table, installation drawing and rated-torque test-method note embedded as an image on the V2-X8-25 details page",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Image file X8-25-V2-en.jpg served from the official details page, observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The task-relevant marketing name “RMD-X8 Pro” is a previous name; the official site currently lists this actuator only as V2-X8-25 with single encoder, and no V3 X8 Pro details page exists on myactuator.com as of the verification date.",
        "The technical-parameter table is image-based (X8-25-V2-en.jpg) and shows no document revision number.",
        "Peak torque and peak current are endpoints; only the rated 10 N·m point carries the published thermal-balance definition.",
        "No serialised specimen, RCI torque test or thermal test exists for this record."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001",
      "slug": "feetech-st-3215-c001",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-feetech",
      "officialModel": "ST-3215-C001",
      "name": "FEETECH ST-3215-C001",
      "aliases": [
        "STS3215",
        "7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215",
        "7.4V 19KG. Dual axis TTL string servo"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "TTL networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, metal gearbox in a plastic case, 12-bit magnetic encoder and FEETECH TTL serial-bus control board with multi-turn 360° position modes",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
      "summary": "This record freezes the 7.4 V-class variant ST-3215-C001 of the STS3215 family and preserves the official page’s voltage wording exactly: the title and description market the servo as “7.4V 19KG”, while the specification table states an operating voltage range of 6-7.4V and attaches its only stall-torque figure, 19.5kg.cm, to 6V. RCI does not resolve this internal tension (documented voltage-conflict note RCI 049). The 12 V variant ST-3215-C018 is a separate record.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-model_identity",
          "field": "model_identity",
          "label": "Exact model and family title",
          "originalValue": "ST-3215-C001; page title “7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215”",
          "condition": "The page mixes the order code ST-3215-C001 with the family name STS3215; this record freezes the C001 order code.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Operating voltage",
          "originalValue": "6-7.4V",
          "condition": "Transcribed exactly from the row “工作电压Operating Voltage Range: 6-7.4V”. The page title and description simultaneously describe the servo as a “7.4V 19KG” serial bus smart servo.",
          "note": "Voltage-conflict note RCI 049: the marketing designation is 7.4 V, the published range is 6-7.4 V, and all tabulated performance points are conditioned at 6 V. RCI preserves all three statements without resolving them.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak stall torque",
          "originalValue": "19.5kg.cm@6V",
          "condition": "Momentary stall endpoint, published as “堵转扭矩 Peak stall torque: 19.5kg.cm@6V”; not a continuous operating point. The description separately states “The stall torque is 19kg.cm” without a voltage qualifier.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "6.5kg.cm@6V",
          "condition": "Published as “额定扭矩 Rated torque”; the page does not define rated torque as a thermally qualified continuous duty point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "0.238sec/60°@6V",
          "condition": "No-load endpoint; it cannot be combined with stall torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-current",
          "field": "current",
          "label": "Stall and no-load current",
          "originalValue": "Stall 2000mA@6V; no-load 150 mA@6V",
          "condition": "Published endpoints at 6 V.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "55±1",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "45.2 × 24.7 × 35",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Published as A/B/C body dimensions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Position sensor and resolution",
          "originalValue": "12 bit high precision magnetic coding sensor; 360° mapped to 0–4096",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification; multi-turn continuous rotation and stepping modes are listed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical communication",
          "originalValue": "Half-duplex asynchronous serial (TTL bus); 38400bps ~ 1 Mbps",
          "condition": "Bus protocol, IDs and host adapter must still be fixed for one robot.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-operating_temperature",
          "field": "operating_temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Published device range; not a thermal duty envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-gear_material",
          "field": "gear_material",
          "label": "Gear material and case",
          "originalValue": "Copper gears; metal gearbox in plastic case; 25T horn spline",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification; the 12 V C018 variant instead lists steel gears.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Numeric gear reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited official product page does not publish a numeric reduction ratio for the C001 variant; the widely circulated 1:345 figure is not stated on this page and is therefore not carried as manufacturer evidence.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous or thermally rated output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited official evidence publishes stall and rated torque values at 6 V but no continuous or thermally rated torque envelope, duty-cycle limit, cooling condition or allowable stall duration.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c001-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-actuator robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, serialised, loaded, thermally instrumented or endurance-tested an ST-3215-C001.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 7.4V 19KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C001) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/74v-19-kgcm-plastic-case-metal-tooth-magnetic-code-double-axis-ttl-series-steering-gear.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description and specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The official page carries an internal voltage tension: “7.4V 19KG” marketing designation, a 6-7.4V operating range, and torque/speed/current figures conditioned only at 6 V; RCI preserves all statements verbatim and does not interpolate 7.4 V performance.",
        "ST-3215-C001 (6-7.4 V, copper gears) and ST-3215-C018 (12 V-class, steel gears) are separate order codes and are never merged into one record.",
        "Stall torque, no-load speed and stall current are opposite endpoints and must not be presented as continuous operating points.",
        "No serialised specimen, RCI torque test or thermal test exists for this record."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018",
      "slug": "feetech-st-3215-c018",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-feetech",
      "officialModel": "ST-3215-C018",
      "name": "FEETECH ST-3215-C018",
      "aliases": [
        "STS3215",
        "12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215",
        "12V 30KG. Dual axis TTL string servo"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "TTL networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, steel-gear metal gearbox in a plastic case, 12-bit magnetic encoder and FEETECH TTL serial-bus control board with multi-turn 360° position modes",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.feetechrc.com/Data/feetechrc/upload/file/20260622/6391772519923113075854851.pdf",
      "summary": "This record freezes the 12 V-class variant ST-3215-C018 of the STS3215 family as a separate record from the 7.4 V-class ST-3215-C001, demonstrating the variant-split rule. The official page markets the servo as “12V 30KG” while its specification table states an operating voltage range of 4-14V; RCI preserves both statements without resolving them.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-model_identity",
          "field": "model_identity",
          "label": "Exact model and family title",
          "originalValue": "ST-3215-C018; page title “12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215”",
          "condition": "The page mixes the order code ST-3215-C018 with the family name STS3215; this record freezes the C018 order code.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Operating voltage",
          "originalValue": "4-14V",
          "condition": "Transcribed exactly from the row “工作电压Operating Voltage Range: 4-14V”. The page title and description simultaneously describe the servo as a “12V 30KG” serial bus smart servo, and all tabulated performance points are conditioned at 12 V.",
          "note": "Companion to voltage-conflict note RCI 049: the marketing designation (12 V) and the published range (4-14V) are both preserved verbatim.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak stall torque",
          "originalValue": "30kg.cm@12V",
          "condition": "Momentary stall endpoint published as “堵转扭矩 Peak stall torque”; not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "10kg.cm@12V",
          "condition": "Published as “额定扭矩 Rated torque”; the page does not define rated torque as a thermally qualified continuous duty point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "0.222sec/60°@12V",
          "condition": "No-load endpoint; it cannot be combined with stall torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-current",
          "field": "current",
          "label": "Stall and no-load current",
          "originalValue": "Stall 2.7A@12V; no-load 180 mA@12V",
          "condition": "Published endpoints at 12 V.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "55±1",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "45.2 × 24.7 × 35",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Published as A/B/C body dimensions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Position sensor and resolution",
          "originalValue": "12 bit high precision magnetic coding sensor; 360° mapped to 0–4096",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification; multi-turn continuous rotation and stepping modes are listed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical communication",
          "originalValue": "Half-duplex asynchronous serial (TTL bus); 38400bps ~ 1 Mbps; ID range 0-253",
          "condition": "Bus protocol, IDs and host adapter must still be fixed for one robot.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-operating_temperature",
          "field": "operating_temperature",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Published device range; note the C001 variant instead lists −20 to +70°C.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-gear_material",
          "field": "gear_material",
          "label": "Gear material and case",
          "originalValue": "Steel gears; metal gearbox in plastic case; 25T/OD5.9mm horn",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification; the 7.4 V-class C001 variant instead lists copper gears.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "1/345",
          "condition": "Published as item 6-10 “减速比 Gear Ratio 1/345” in the ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet linked from the official product page; the product-page table itself does not state the ratio.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH ST-3215-C018 datasheet (ST-3215-C018.pdf)",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/Data/feetechrc/upload/file/20260622/6391772519923113075854851.pdf",
            "location": "Specification table item 6-10, gear ratio row",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous or thermally rated output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited official evidence publishes stall and rated torque values at 12 V but no continuous or thermally rated torque envelope, duty-cycle limit, cooling condition or allowable stall duration.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-feetech-st-3215-c018-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-actuator robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, serialised, loaded, thermally instrumented or endurance-tested an ST-3215-C018.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "FEETECH 12V 30KG.CM magnetic encoding servo STS3215 (ST-3215-C018) product page",
            "url": "https://www.feetechrc.com/525603.html",
            "location": "Bilingual product description, specification table and linked ST-3215-C018.pdf datasheet",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The official page markets a 12 V servo while its specification table publishes a 4-14V operating range; RCI preserves both statements verbatim and does not certify performance across that range.",
        "ST-3215-C018 and ST-3215-C001 are separate order codes with different voltage classes, gear materials and temperature ranges; they are never merged into one record.",
        "Stall torque, no-load speed and stall current are opposite endpoints and must not be presented as continuous operating points.",
        "No serialised specimen, RCI torque test or thermal test exists for this record."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec",
      "slug": "damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-v1-2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-damiao",
      "officialModel": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 (24V)",
      "name": "Damiao DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 (24 V)",
      "aliases": [
        "DM4310",
        "DM-J4310-2EC",
        "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 (48V) — separate higher-voltage variant"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "10:1 reduction brushless joint motor with integrated driver, dual 16-bit single-turn magnetic encoders (output-shaft absolute feedback), CAN control and UART configuration",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
      "summary": "This record freezes the 24 V column of the official V1.2 user manual; the manual publishes 24 V and 48 V variants side by side and RCI carries 48 V-only values solely as variant notes. The current hardware revision on the official dmBots repository is V1.2 (the V1.0 manual is filed with a discontinued marker), so the informal “DM4310 V4” designation is not used. There is no “V4” revision on the official surface.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-model_identity",
          "field": "model_identity",
          "label": "Exact model and revision",
          "originalValue": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2（24V）",
          "condition": "The manual tabulates DM-J4310-2EC V1.2（24V）and DM-J4310-2EC V1.2（48V）as separate columns; this record freezes the 24 V variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "3.5",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Shared value for the 24 V and 48 V columns; the manual does not attach a thermal test method or duty definition to it.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "12.5",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak endpoint (peak phase/supply current 20A/16.5A@24V); not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated and no-load speed",
          "originalValue": "Rated 120 rpm; maximum no-load 200 rpm",
          "condition": "24 V column; the 48 V variant lists 450 rpm maximum no-load speed. No-load values are endpoints.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "10:1",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Operating voltage",
          "originalValue": "Rated 24V; operating range 24V–28V, minimum 20V, maximum 28V",
          "condition": "Operating-voltage section for the 24 V motor driver; the 48 V driver instead lists 24V–48V with a 58V maximum.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-current",
          "field": "current",
          "label": "Rated current",
          "originalValue": "4.9A/3.1A@24V",
          "condition": "Published as rated phase current / rated supply current.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "~325",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Published with the approximation qualifier.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Envelope",
          "originalValue": "Outer diameter 57 mm; height 46 mm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoders",
          "originalValue": "2× magnetic encoders (single-turn), 16-bit resolution; output-shaft single-turn absolute position retained after power loss",
          "condition": "Specifications table plus motor-features section.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication interfaces",
          "originalValue": "Control: CAN@1Mbps; configuration: UART@921600bps; XT30(2+2)-F power connector with CAN, daisy-chainable",
          "condition": "Specifications table and interface description; CAN protocol frames must still be fixed from the manual for one robot.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-control_modes",
          "field": "control_modes",
          "label": "Control modes",
          "originalValue": "MIT mode; position-velocity mode; velocity mode; force-position hybrid mode",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-operating_temperature",
          "field": "operating_temperature",
          "label": "Thermal protection thresholds",
          "originalValue": "Driver over-temperature shutdown at 120°C; motor over-temperature configurable, recommended ≤100°C",
          "condition": "Protection thresholds, not an ambient operating-range statement; both exit Enable Mode when triggered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous or thermally rated output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited official manual publishes a rated torque of 3.5NM but no thermal test method, duty-cycle limit, cooling condition or allowable stall duration defining it as a continuous envelope; the published T–N curve is conditioned at 24 V, 36 rpm constant speed and 25°C ambient only.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-damiao-dm-j4310-2ec-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-actuator robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, serialised, loaded, thermally instrumented or endurance-tested a DM-J4310-2EC V1.2.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "DM-J4310-2EC V1.2 User Manual V1.2 (2026-04-09), official dmBots GitHub repository",
            "url": "https://github.com/dmBots/DM-J4310-2EC/blob/master/manual/DM-J4310-2EC%20V1.2%20User%20Manual%20V1.2%20%202026-04-09.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table (pages 6-7), operating-voltage section and interface description",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "User Manual V1.2, dated 2026-04-09"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The official manual mixes 24 V and 48 V variants in one table; this record freezes the 24 V variant and carries 48 V figures only as notes, never merged.",
        "Peak torque, peak current and no-load speed are endpoints and must not be presented as continuous operating points; rated torque carries no published thermal definition.",
        "The current official revision is V1.2; records or listings labeled V1.0/V1.1 or an informal “V4” refer to other revisions and are not covered here.",
        "No serialised specimen, RCI torque test or thermal test exists for this record."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh",
      "slug": "harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-harmonic-drive",
      "officialModel": "SHG-20-100-2UH",
      "name": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH",
      "aliases": [
        "SHG-2UH size 20 ratio 100",
        "SHG-20-100-2UH hollow shaft gear unit"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Strain-wave gear unit",
      "architecture": "Housed SHG-series high-torque strain-wave gear unit with hollow shaft, integrated output bearing, size 20 and 100:1 nominal ratio",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/_hd/content/documents1/SHG-SHF_GearUnits.pdf",
      "summary": "An exact size-and-ratio gear-unit record frozen from the official exact-model page. Rated, average, repeated-peak and momentary-peak torques are four separately conditioned catalog values and are transcribed separately; none of them is an RCI robot-joint duty-cycle, thermal or life result.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-order_code",
          "field": "order_code",
          "label": "Exact unit order code",
          "originalValue": "SHG-20-100-2UH",
          "condition": "Series SHG, size 20, ratio 100, unit type 2UH; option suffixes (for example coatings) are separate orderable variants.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-ratio",
          "field": "ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "100:1",
          "condition": "Exact order-code segment and table row; size 20 frame.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "52",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer L10-rated value for the exact table row; the catalog rating conditions, including the defined rated input speed, apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-limit_average_torque",
          "field": "limit_average_torque",
          "label": "Limit for average torque",
          "originalValue": "64",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer rating-table value; a load-spectrum boundary, not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-repeated_peak_torque",
          "field": "repeated_peak_torque",
          "label": "Limit for repeated peak torque",
          "originalValue": "107",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer rating-table value; not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-momentary_peak_torque",
          "field": "momentary_peak_torque",
          "label": "Limit for momentary peak torque",
          "originalValue": "191",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer rating-table value; duration and occurrence limits must be checked in catalog engineering guidance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-starting_torque",
          "field": "starting_torque",
          "label": "Starting torque",
          "originalValue": "32",
          "originalUnit": "Ncm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table value at the input; lubrication and temperature conditions apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-backdriving_torque",
          "field": "backdriving_torque",
          "label": "Backdriving torque",
          "originalValue": "38",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table value; integration, lubrication and temperature can affect system behavior.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-average_input_speed",
          "field": "average_input_speed",
          "label": "Average input speed",
          "originalValue": "3,500",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Published \"Ave. Input Speed\" table value; not a guaranteed continuous operating point at any load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-standard_accuracy",
          "field": "standard_accuracy",
          "label": "Standard accuracy",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "originalUnit": "arc min",
          "condition": "Published standard-accuracy table value, not mounted-system accuracy.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "1.38",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "Exact table row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-torsional_stiffness",
          "field": "torsional_stiffness",
          "label": "Torsional stiffness K1 / K2 / K3",
          "originalValue": "1.6 / 2.5 / 2.9 ×10^4",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/rad",
          "condition": "Piecewise manufacturer table values for the exact model (K1 below T1 = 7 N·m, K2 below T2 = 25 N·m).",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-output_moment_stiffness",
          "field": "output_moment_stiffness",
          "label": "Output-bearing moment stiffness Km",
          "originalValue": "25.2 ×10^4",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/rad",
          "condition": "Exact table row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-allowable_moment_load",
          "field": "allowable_moment_load",
          "label": "Allowable moment load Mc",
          "originalValue": "187",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Output-bearing rating; combined-load checks per catalog method still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG-20-100-2UH Hollow Shaft Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/hollow-shaft-gear-units/shg-2uh/shg-20-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for SHG-20-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "field": "robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "label": "Robot-joint thermal duty envelope",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited catalog does not define one universal robot-joint motor, housing, lubrication, cooling, ambient and motion-cycle envelope for this record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG/SHF Gear Units Catalog",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/_hd/content/documents1/SHG-SHF_GearUnits.pdf",
            "location": "SHG-2UH series engineering, rating-definition and application boundaries",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Official series catalog linked from the exact-model page, observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-shg-20-100-2uh-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-unit robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, instrumented, endurance-tested or teardown-inspected this gear unit in a robot joint.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive SHG/SHF Gear Units Catalog",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/_hd/content/documents1/SHG-SHF_GearUnits.pdf",
            "location": "SHG-2UH series engineering, rating-definition and application boundaries",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Official series catalog linked from the exact-model page, observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Rated, average, repeated-peak and momentary-peak torque are separately conditioned catalog values and must not be collapsed into one output figure.",
        "Gear-unit ratings do not establish a complete motor, encoder, brake, housing, lubrication or thermal design.",
        "No RCI physical specimen, joint integration, life test or teardown evidence exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh",
      "slug": "harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-harmonic-drive",
      "officialModel": "CSG-17-100-2UH",
      "name": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH",
      "aliases": [
        "CSG-2UH size 17 ratio 100",
        "CSG-17-100-2UH gear unit"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Strain-wave gear unit",
      "architecture": "Housed CSG-series high-torque strain-wave gear unit with integrated output bearing, size 17 and 100:1 nominal ratio",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/_hd/content/documents1/CSG-CSF_GearUnits.pdf",
      "summary": "An exact size-and-ratio gear-unit record for the high-torque CSG unit family, frozen from the official exact-model page. All torque figures remain separately conditioned rating-table claims, not RCI robot-joint measurements.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-order_code",
          "field": "order_code",
          "label": "Exact unit order code",
          "originalValue": "CSG-17-100-2UH",
          "condition": "Series CSG, size 17, ratio 100, unit type 2UH; option suffixes are separate orderable variants.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-ratio",
          "field": "ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "100:1",
          "condition": "Exact order-code segment and table row; size 17 frame.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "31",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer L10-rated value for the exact table row; the catalog rating conditions, including the defined rated input speed, apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-limit_average_torque",
          "field": "limit_average_torque",
          "label": "Limit for average torque",
          "originalValue": "51",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer rating-table value; a load-spectrum boundary, not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-repeated_peak_torque",
          "field": "repeated_peak_torque",
          "label": "Limit for repeated peak torque",
          "originalValue": "70",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer rating-table value; not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-momentary_peak_torque",
          "field": "momentary_peak_torque",
          "label": "Limit for momentary peak torque",
          "originalValue": "143",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer rating-table value; duration and occurrence limits must be checked in catalog engineering guidance.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-starting_torque",
          "field": "starting_torque",
          "label": "Starting torque",
          "originalValue": "3.7",
          "originalUnit": "Ncm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table value at the input; lubrication and temperature conditions apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-backdriving_torque",
          "field": "backdriving_torque",
          "label": "Backdriving torque",
          "originalValue": "3.6",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table value; integration, lubrication and temperature can affect system behavior.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-average_input_speed",
          "field": "average_input_speed",
          "label": "Average input speed",
          "originalValue": "3,500",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Published \"Ave. Input Speed\" table value; not a guaranteed continuous operating point at any load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-standard_accuracy",
          "field": "standard_accuracy",
          "label": "Standard accuracy",
          "originalValue": "1.5",
          "originalUnit": "arc min",
          "condition": "Published standard-accuracy table value, not mounted-system accuracy.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "0.68",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "Exact table row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-torsional_stiffness",
          "field": "torsional_stiffness",
          "label": "Torsional stiffness K1 / K2 / K3",
          "originalValue": "1.0 / 1.4 / 1.6 ×10^4",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/rad",
          "condition": "Piecewise manufacturer table values for the exact model (K1 below T1 = 3.9 N·m, K2 below T2 = 12 N·m).",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-output_moment_stiffness",
          "field": "output_moment_stiffness",
          "label": "Output-bearing moment stiffness Km",
          "originalValue": "7.75 ×10^4",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/rad",
          "condition": "Exact table row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-allowable_moment_load",
          "field": "allowable_moment_load",
          "label": "Allowable moment load Mc",
          "originalValue": "64",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Output-bearing rating; combined-load checks per catalog method still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG-17-100-2UH Gear Unit",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/products/gear-units/gear-units/csg-2uh/csg-17-100-2uh",
            "location": "Exact-model performance, torsional-stiffness and output-bearing tables for CSG-17-100-2UH",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official exact-model page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "field": "robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "label": "Robot-joint thermal duty envelope",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited catalog does not define one universal robot-joint motor, housing, lubrication, cooling, ambient and motion-cycle envelope for this record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG/CSF Gear Units Catalog",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/_hd/content/documents1/CSG-CSF_GearUnits.pdf",
            "location": "CSG-2UH series engineering, rating-definition and application boundaries",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Official series catalog linked from the exact-model page, observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-harmonic-drive-csg-17-100-2uh-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-unit robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, instrumented, endurance-tested or teardown-inspected this gear unit in a robot joint.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Harmonic Drive CSG/CSF Gear Units Catalog",
            "url": "https://www.harmonicdrive.net/_hd/content/documents1/CSG-CSF_GearUnits.pdf",
            "location": "CSG-2UH series engineering, rating-definition and application boundaries",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Official series catalog linked from the exact-model page, observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The CSG high-torque unit must not be merged with the dimensionally related CSF unit of the same size and ratio; ratings differ.",
        "Peak values must not be represented as continuous output capability.",
        "No RCI physical specimen, joint integration, life test or teardown evidence exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81",
      "slug": "nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-nabtesco",
      "officialModel": "RV-25N (ratio 81)",
      "name": "Nabtesco RV-25N, ratio 81",
      "aliases": [
        "RV-25N 81:1",
        "RV-N size 25 ratio 81"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Cycloidal precision reduction-gear component",
      "architecture": "RV-N compact component reducer; the customer integrates the input gear, housing, lubrication and robot-side structure",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/download/pdf/Product_guide_en.pdf",
      "summary": "The RV-25N size and the ratio-81 selection column are kept together so ratings from another ratio or RV product form cannot silently migrate into this record. Rated torque is defined at the published rated output speed; the acceleration/deceleration and momentary maxima are separate allowable values with their own conditions.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-model_configuration",
          "field": "model_configuration",
          "label": "Model and selected ratio",
          "originalValue": "RV-25N, ratio 81",
          "condition": "Exact RV-N table column; the public table does not expose a complete option-suffixed purchase code.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "245",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Ratio-81 RV-25N column; defined together with the published rated output speed of 15 rpm.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-rated_output_speed",
          "field": "rated_output_speed",
          "label": "Rated output speed",
          "originalValue": "15",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table rating; the speed condition attached to the rated torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-acceleration_deceleration_torque",
          "field": "acceleration_deceleration_torque",
          "label": "Allowable acceleration/deceleration torque",
          "originalValue": "612",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table rating for start/stop events; the product guide labels the same value \"Allowable starting/stopping torque\". Not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-momentary_max_torque",
          "field": "momentary_max_torque",
          "label": "Momentary maximum allowable torque",
          "originalValue": "1,225",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "RV-N specification page of the official product guide; an emergency-event boundary, not an operating point. The live RV-N web table leaves this cell unpopulated for RV-25N.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Reduction Gear RV Product Guide",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/download/pdf/Product_guide_en.pdf",
            "location": "RV-N specification page: RV-25N column with momentary maximum allowable torque, allowable moment and thrust",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Official product guide PDF observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-rated_life",
          "field": "rated_life",
          "label": "Rated life",
          "originalValue": "6,000",
          "originalUnit": "h",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table value; load spectrum, mounting and lubrication must still match the selection conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "less than 1",
          "originalUnit": "arc.min.",
          "condition": "Exact-series public table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-lost_motion",
          "field": "lost_motion",
          "label": "Lost motion",
          "originalValue": "less than 1",
          "originalUnit": "arc.min.",
          "condition": "Exact-series public table; not a measured assembled-joint result.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-torsional_rigidity",
          "field": "torsional_rigidity",
          "label": "Torsional rigidity",
          "originalValue": "61",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/arc.min.",
          "condition": "RV-25N table value; the product guide qualifies it as a central value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-moment_rigidity",
          "field": "moment_rigidity",
          "label": "Moment rigidity",
          "originalValue": "530",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/arc.min.",
          "condition": "RV-25N table value; a stiffness quantity, distinct from the allowable-moment load rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-allowable_moment",
          "field": "allowable_moment",
          "label": "Allowable moment",
          "originalValue": "784",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "RV-N specification page of the official product guide; static load-rating boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Reduction Gear RV Product Guide",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/download/pdf/Product_guide_en.pdf",
            "location": "RV-N specification page: RV-25N column with momentary maximum allowable torque, allowable moment and thrust",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Official product guide PDF observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-allowable_thrust",
          "field": "allowable_thrust",
          "label": "Allowable thrust load",
          "originalValue": "2,610",
          "originalUnit": "N",
          "condition": "RV-N specification page of the official product guide.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Reduction Gear RV Product Guide",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/download/pdf/Product_guide_en.pdf",
            "location": "RV-N specification page: RV-25N column with momentary maximum allowable torque, allowable moment and thrust",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Official product guide PDF observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-startup_efficiency",
          "field": "startup_efficiency",
          "label": "Start-up efficiency",
          "originalValue": "80",
          "originalUnit": "%",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table value; operating efficiency varies with load, speed and temperature.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-moment_of_inertia",
          "field": "moment_of_inertia",
          "label": "Moment of inertia (input conversion)",
          "originalValue": "0.00000679",
          "originalUnit": "kg·m^2",
          "condition": "Ratio-81 RV-25N column; ratio-specific value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-complete_purchase_suffix",
          "field": "complete_purchase_suffix",
          "label": "Complete option-suffixed purchase code, mass and current availability",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited public surfaces identify model and ratio but do not expose a complete regional order code, unit mass, revision, price, lead time or PCN/EOL state for RV-25N.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "field": "robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "label": "Robot-joint thermal duty envelope",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited surfaces do not define one universal robot-joint motor, housing, lubrication, cooling, ambient and motion-cycle envelope for this record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Reduction Gear RV Product Guide",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/download/pdf/Product_guide_en.pdf",
            "location": "RV-N specification page: RV-25N column with momentary maximum allowable torque, allowable moment and thrust",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Official product guide PDF observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nabtesco-rv-25n-ratio-81-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent assembled-joint validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, instrumented, lubricated, loaded or life-tested this reducer in a robot joint.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Nabtesco Precision Equipment RV-N product specification",
            "url": "https://precision.nabtesco.com/en/products/detail/RV-N",
            "location": "RV-25N ratio-81 selection column: ratings, rigidity, life, backlash, lost motion and inertia",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live product table observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The ratio-81 record must not be generalized to another RV-25N ratio or another RV product form; only the inertia value is ratio-specific in the cited table, but that separation must be preserved.",
        "Rated torque at 15 rpm, allowable acceleration/deceleration torque and momentary maximum allowable torque are three separately conditioned values and must not be collapsed.",
        "No complete order suffix, published unit mass on the cited surfaces, current supply confirmation or RCI physical test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100",
      "slug": "leaderdrive-lcs-20-100",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-leaderdrive",
      "officialModel": "LCS series, size 20, ratio 100",
      "name": "Leaderdrive LCS-20 ratio 100 strain wave gear",
      "aliases": [
        "LCS-20-100",
        "LCS size 20 ratio 100 (input types LCS-I / LCS-II)"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Strain-wave gear unit",
      "architecture": "Standard cup-shaped flexspline strain-wave gear composed of flexspline, rigid circular spline, wave generator and bearing; LCS-I keyed input and LCS-II Oldham-coupling input variants",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
      "summary": "The official LCS page publishes a series-size-ratio parameter grid without one orderable purchase code, so this record freezes the grid coordinates size 20, ratio 100. All values are Leaderdrive catalog-table claims; substitution for or interchangeability with any other manufacturer’s strain-wave product is not established by this record.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-series_grid_configuration",
          "field": "series_grid_configuration",
          "label": "Series grid coordinates",
          "originalValue": "LCS series, size 20, ratio 100; input variants LCS-I (flat key) and LCS-II (Oldham coupling)",
          "condition": "The cited page defines a size-and-ratio parameter grid and two input-connection variants; it does not publish one complete orderable code.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "40",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row; the same table carries a \"Rated Input Speed\" column reading 3,500 r/min for size 20.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-rated_input_speed",
          "field": "rated_input_speed",
          "label": "Rated input speed",
          "originalValue": "3,500",
          "originalUnit": "r/min",
          "condition": "Size-20 table value published alongside the rated-torque column.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-start_stop_peak_torque",
          "field": "start_stop_peak_torque",
          "label": "Allowable peak torque at start/stop",
          "originalValue": "82",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row; a start/stop event boundary, not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-max_average_load_torque",
          "field": "max_average_load_torque",
          "label": "Allowable maximum value of average load torque",
          "originalValue": "49",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row; a load-spectrum boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-max_peak_torque",
          "field": "max_peak_torque",
          "label": "Maximum allowable peak torque",
          "originalValue": "147",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row; an emergency-event boundary with its own occurrence conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-max_input_speed",
          "field": "max_input_speed",
          "label": "Maximum allowable input speed",
          "originalValue": "6,500",
          "originalUnit": "r/min",
          "condition": "Size-20 table value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-max_backlash",
          "field": "max_backlash",
          "label": "Maximum backlash",
          "originalValue": "≤10",
          "originalUnit": "arcsec",
          "condition": "Size-20 table value labeled \"Max. Backlash\"; a component specification, not a mounted-joint measurement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-hysteresis_loss",
          "field": "hysteresis_loss",
          "label": "Hysteresis loss",
          "originalValue": "60",
          "originalUnit": "arcsec",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row of the second LCS parameter table; a quantity distinct from backlash.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-backdriving_torque",
          "field": "backdriving_torque",
          "label": "Backdriving torque",
          "originalValue": "5.1",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-ratcheting_torque",
          "field": "ratcheting_torque",
          "label": "Ratcheting torque",
          "originalValue": "260",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row; exceeding it can cause tooth-jump damage per strain-wave engineering practice.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-torsional_stiffness",
          "field": "torsional_stiffness",
          "label": "Torsional rigidity K1 / K2 / K3",
          "originalValue": "1.6 / 2.5 / 2.9 ×10^4",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/rad",
          "condition": "Piecewise size-20 ratio-100 table values.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-angle_transmission_accuracy",
          "field": "angle_transmission_accuracy",
          "label": "Angle transmission accuracy",
          "originalValue": "60",
          "originalUnit": "arcsec",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row; a transmission-error specification distinct from backlash and hysteresis loss.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-buckling_torque",
          "field": "buckling_torque",
          "label": "Buckling torque",
          "originalValue": "560",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Size-20 table value; a flexspline destruction boundary, not an operating rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "field": "robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "label": "Robot-joint thermal duty envelope",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited page does not define one universal robot-joint motor, housing, lubrication, cooling, ambient and motion-cycle envelope for this record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-leaderdrive-lcs-20-100-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-gear robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, instrumented, endurance-tested or teardown-inspected this strain wave gear in a robot joint.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Leaderdrive LCS(G) Standard Cup-shaped Strain Wave Gear",
            "url": "https://www.leaderdrive.com/product/6.html",
            "location": "LCS Series Technical Parameter tables: size-20 ratio-100 rows for ratings, backlash, hysteresis loss, stiffness and accuracy",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The cited official page publishes a series-size-ratio grid without one orderable purchase code; an exact order code, mass and lubrication specification must be fixed with Leaderdrive before procurement.",
        "Substitution for or interchangeability with Harmonic Drive or any other manufacturer’s strain-wave product is not established by this record.",
        "Start/stop, average-load, maximum-peak, ratcheting and buckling torques are separately conditioned boundaries and must not be collapsed.",
        "No RCI physical specimen, joint integration, life test or teardown evidence exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100",
      "slug": "laifual-fss-20-100",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-laifual",
      "officialModel": "FSS series, size 20, ratio 100",
      "name": "Laifual FSS-20 ratio 100 harmonic reducer",
      "aliases": [
        "FSS-20-100",
        "FSS size 20 ratio 100 (build types FSS-I/II, FSS-C)"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Strain-wave gear unit",
      "architecture": "Cup-type standard harmonic reducer; the official table covers unit builds FSS-I/II and the FSS-C component set at shared size-and-ratio ratings",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
      "summary": "The official FSS page publishes a series-size-ratio specification grid with per-build weights but no single orderable purchase code, so this record freezes the grid coordinates size 20, ratio 100. Rated torque is explicitly defined at 2,000 r/min input. Substitution for or interchangeability with any other manufacturer’s strain-wave product is not established by this record.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-series_grid_configuration",
          "field": "series_grid_configuration",
          "label": "Series grid coordinates",
          "originalValue": "FSS series, size 20, ratio 100; table weights cover FSS-I/II, FSS-C, FSN-I/II and FSSF-I builds",
          "condition": "The cited page defines a size-and-ratio specification grid; it does not publish one complete orderable code.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque at 2,000 r/min input",
          "originalValue": "40",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Exact column label \"Rated torque at 2000r/min input\"; size-20 ratio-100 row. The table also states 4.1 kgf·m.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-start_stop_peak_torque",
          "field": "start_stop_peak_torque",
          "label": "Permissible peak torque at start and stop",
          "originalValue": "82",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row; a start/stop event boundary, not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-max_average_load_torque",
          "field": "max_average_load_torque",
          "label": "Permissible maximum value for average load torque",
          "originalValue": "49",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row; a load-spectrum boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-max_momentary_torque",
          "field": "max_momentary_torque",
          "label": "Permissible maximum momentary torque",
          "originalValue": "147",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row; an emergency-event boundary with its own occurrence conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-max_input_speed",
          "field": "max_input_speed",
          "label": "Permissible maximum input rotational speed",
          "originalValue": "6,500",
          "originalUnit": "r/min",
          "condition": "Size-20 table value; the column is qualified for grease lubrication.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-average_input_speed",
          "field": "average_input_speed",
          "label": "Permissible average input rotational speed",
          "originalValue": "3,500",
          "originalUnit": "r/min",
          "condition": "Size-20 table value; the column is qualified for grease lubrication.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "≤20",
          "originalUnit": "Arc Sec",
          "condition": "Size-20 table value with the manufacturer’s exact unit notation; a component specification, not a mounted-joint measurement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-weight",
          "field": "weight",
          "label": "Weight by build type",
          "originalValue": "FSS-I/II: 0.96; FSS-C: 0.28; FSN-I/II: 0.73; FSSF-I: 0.96",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "Size-20 table cell listing per-build weights; the FSS-C component set excludes the unit housing and bearing structure of the I/II builds.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-design_life",
          "field": "design_life",
          "label": "Design life",
          "originalValue": "15,000",
          "originalUnit": "Hour",
          "condition": "Size-20 ratio-100 row; the ratio-50 row of the same size states 10,000 hours, so the value is ratio-specific. Life definition and load conditions are not detailed on the cited page.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-stiffness_accuracy_surface",
          "field": "stiffness_accuracy_surface",
          "label": "Torsional stiffness, transmission accuracy and hysteresis values",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited official FSS page does not publish torsional-stiffness, transmission-accuracy or hysteresis figures for the size-20 ratio-100 grid position.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "field": "robot_joint_thermal_envelope",
          "label": "Robot-joint thermal duty envelope",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited page does not define one universal robot-joint motor, housing, lubrication, cooling, ambient and motion-cycle envelope for this record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-laifual-fss-20-100-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-gear robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, instrumented, endurance-tested or teardown-inspected this harmonic reducer in a robot joint.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Laifual Drive FSS Standard Harmonic Reducer",
            "url": "https://www.laifualdrive.com/fss/",
            "location": "FSS series specification table: size-20 ratio-100 row for ratings, input speeds, backlash, weight and design life",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live official product page observed 2026-08-19"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The cited official page publishes a series-size-ratio grid without one orderable purchase code; an exact order code and lubrication specification must be fixed with Laifual before procurement.",
        "Substitution for or interchangeability with Harmonic Drive or any other manufacturer’s strain-wave product is not established by this record.",
        "The 15,000-hour design life is a manufacturer statement whose test definition and load conditions are not published on the cited page.",
        "No RCI physical specimen, joint integration, life test or teardown evidence exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00",
      "slug": "kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kollmorgen",
      "officialModel": "TBM2G-05013-A-NNAA-00",
      "name": "Kollmorgen TBM2G-05013-A-NNAA-00",
      "aliases": [
        "TBM2G-05013A",
        "TBM2G 050 frame 13 stack A winding NNAA-00"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Low-voltage frameless brushless torque motor kit",
      "architecture": "Separate armature/sensor and field assemblies requiring customer-provided bearings, shaft, housing, rotor retention, feedback integration and thermal path",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/en-us/products/motors/direct-drive/tbm2g-series-frameless",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
      "summary": "This record freezes the 50 mm frame, 12.7 mm stack, A-winding TBM2G size with the standard NNAA-00 option string (no thermal device, no Halls, 0.5 m leads, standard field, custom code 00), clearly separated from the already-cataloged TBM2G-07608 size. Published torque values carry their winding-temperature-rise, ambient, housing, heatsink and sinusoidal-commutation conditions.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-configuration_code",
          "field": "configuration_code",
          "label": "Configuration code",
          "originalValue": "TBM2G-05013-A-NNAA-00",
          "condition": "Nomenclature: 050 frame (50 mm OD), 13 stack (12.7 mm), A winding, N thermal device, N sensor, A connection (0.5 m leads), A field, custom code 00.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-equivalent_line_voltage",
          "field": "equivalent_line_voltage",
          "label": "Rated equivalent line voltage",
          "originalValue": "48",
          "originalUnit": "Vdc",
          "condition": "TBM2G-05013 performance table, all windings.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-max_continuous_torque_130c",
          "field": "max_continuous_torque_130c",
          "label": "Maximum continuous torque at 130 °C winding rise",
          "originalValue": "0.38",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "A winding; motor winding at 130 °C temperature rise, 25 °C ambient, with housing and heatsink, sinusoidal commutation; may be limited at some values of Vbus.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-max_continuous_current_130c",
          "field": "max_continuous_current_130c",
          "label": "Maximum continuous current at 130 °C winding rise",
          "originalValue": "3.09",
          "originalUnit": "Arms",
          "condition": "A winding, same thermal boundary as the 130 °C continuous-torque rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-max_continuous_torque_60c",
          "field": "max_continuous_torque_60c",
          "label": "Maximum continuous torque at 60 °C winding rise",
          "originalValue": "0.30",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "A winding; motor winding at 60 °C temperature rise, 25 °C ambient, with housing and heatsink; separate thermal boundary.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-peak_torque",
          "field": "peak_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "1.03",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "A winding; manufacturer peak rating; may be limited at some values of Vbus.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-peak_current",
          "field": "peak_current",
          "label": "Peak current",
          "originalValue": "9.2",
          "originalUnit": "Arms",
          "condition": "A winding; values measured without leads; with housing and heatsink.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-max_speed",
          "field": "max_speed",
          "label": "Maximum mechanical speed",
          "originalValue": "8000",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Mechanical limit, not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-rated_point_48v_85c",
          "field": "rated_point_48v_85c",
          "label": "Rated torque, speed and power at 48 Vdc and 85 °C",
          "originalValue": "0.26 N·m at 3400 rpm; 0.094 kW",
          "condition": "A winding, 48 Vdc bus, 85 °C table; one published operating point, not the full envelope.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-hot_torque_constant",
          "field": "hot_torque_constant",
          "label": "Hot torque constant",
          "originalValue": "0.122 ±10%",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/Arms",
          "condition": "A winding, winding at 130 °C rise over 25 °C ambient, sinusoidal commutation, measured without leads.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-cold_torque_constant",
          "field": "cold_torque_constant",
          "label": "Cold torque constant",
          "originalValue": "0.136 ±10%",
          "originalUnit": "N·m/Arms",
          "condition": "A winding, measured at 25 °C without leads.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-resistance_line_line",
          "field": "resistance_line_line",
          "label": "Resistance (line-line)",
          "originalValue": "1.78 ±10%",
          "originalUnit": "Ω",
          "condition": "A winding, measured at 25 °C without leads.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Estimated motor-kit weight",
          "originalValue": "0.149",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "05013 stack; manufacturer-flagged estimated value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-pole_pairs",
          "field": "pole_pairs",
          "label": "Pole pairs",
          "originalValue": "7",
          "condition": "050 series parameter; differs from the 10 pole pairs of the 076 frame.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Frame dimensions",
          "originalValue": "Outer diameter 50; inner diameter 24.75; axial \"A\" max 24.34",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "050 frame, 13 stack column of the official series dimension table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motors product page",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/en-us/products/motors/direct-drive/tbm2g-series-frameless",
            "location": "Specifications dimension table (050 frame, 13 stack column) and TBM2G feature statements",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-complete_joint_configuration",
          "field": "complete_joint_configuration",
          "label": "Complete bearing, shaft, housing, feedback, brake and drive configuration",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The frameless motor code does not establish a finished robot joint, air gap, rotor retention, encoder, brake, drive, cable, tuning or safety architecture.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kollmorgen-tbm2g-05013-a-nnaa-00-independent_joint_test",
          "field": "independent_joint_test",
          "label": "Independent assembled-joint thermal and torque validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, assembled, commutated, loaded or thermally tested this motor kit.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kollmorgen TBM2G Frameless Motor Selection Guide",
            "url": "https://www.kollmorgen.com/sites/default/files/TBM2G-KM_SG_00396_RevA_EN.pdf",
            "location": "TBM2G 50 Series performance data and motor parameters tables, TBM2G-05013 A-winding column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "KM_SG_00396_RevA"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Continuous torque is conditional on winding-temperature rise, ambient, housing, heatsink and commutation; the 130 °C and 60 °C rise ratings are separate thermal boundaries.",
        "Weight and inertia are manufacturer-flagged estimated values for the bare kit.",
        "The frameless kit is not a finished actuator; no RCI physical assembly, torque, thermal, ripple, tuning or life test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13",
      "slug": "tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-tq-robodrive",
      "officialModel": "ILM-E85x13",
      "name": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E85x13",
      "aliases": [
        "ILM-E85×13",
        "ILM-E 85x13 frameless servo kit"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Low-voltage frameless hollow-shaft servo motor kit",
      "architecture": "Frameless stator-rotor kit with hollow shaft; customer supplies bearings, housing, feedback, drive electronics and the thermal path; electrical values below are for the star-serial interconnection",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.tq-group.com/en/products/tq-robodrive/servo-kits/ilm-e85x13/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
      "summary": "This record freezes the 85 mm diameter, 13-class stack size of the ILM-E series in the star-serial interconnection published in the official data sheet. Rated torque carries the manufacturer condition that thermal behavior depends strongly on the installation situation, and peak torque carries its 20%-deviation-from-linearity definition.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-model_interconnection",
          "field": "model_interconnection",
          "label": "Exact size and cited interconnection",
          "originalValue": "ILM-E85x13; star-serial winding interconnection",
          "condition": "The data sheet also publishes delta-serial and star-parallel tables with different current, torque-constant, resistance and no-load-speed values; this record cites star-serial only.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-rated_voltage",
          "field": "rated_voltage",
          "label": "Rated voltage",
          "originalValue": "48",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Data-sheet basic data.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-rated_power",
          "field": "rated_power",
          "label": "Power",
          "originalValue": "404",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Data-sheet basic data.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-rated_torque",
          "field": "rated_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "1.37",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "At nominal current; the manufacturer states thermal behavior is strongly dependent on the installation situation; nominal operational stator temperature −40 °C to 125 °C.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-peak_torque",
          "field": "peak_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "4.43",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "At 20% deviation from linearity; not a continuous rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-max_speed",
          "field": "max_speed",
          "label": "Maximum rotation speed",
          "originalValue": "7,900",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum rotation speed due to mechanical structure; theoretical no-load rotation speed at rated voltage; variations can arise with different inverters.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-rated_current_star_serial",
          "field": "rated_current_star_serial",
          "label": "Rated current (star-serial)",
          "originalValue": "9.79",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Star-serial interconnection table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-torque_constant_star_serial",
          "field": "torque_constant_star_serial",
          "label": "Torque constant (star-serial)",
          "originalValue": "141",
          "originalUnit": "mN·m/A",
          "condition": "At 20 °C, at nominal current.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-terminal_resistance_star_serial",
          "field": "terminal_resistance_star_serial",
          "label": "Terminal resistance (star-serial)",
          "originalValue": "228",
          "originalUnit": "mΩ",
          "condition": "At 20 °C.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-no_load_speed_star_serial",
          "field": "no_load_speed_star_serial",
          "label": "No-load speed (star-serial)",
          "originalValue": "2,810",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Theoretical no-load speed at rated voltage; the ILM-E85x13 product page states 2811 rpm for the same quantity.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Mounting dimensions",
          "originalValue": "Stator diameter 85 (js8); stator length 25.7; rotor hollow-shaft diameter 52 (H8); rotor length 15.8",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Data-sheet mounting-dimension table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "356",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Kit weight from the basic-data table; stator and rotor masses are not published separately.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-pole_pairs",
          "field": "pole_pairs",
          "label": "Number of pole pairs",
          "originalValue": "10",
          "condition": "Data-sheet basic data.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-rotor_inertia",
          "field": "rotor_inertia",
          "label": "Rotor inertia",
          "originalValue": "0.621",
          "originalUnit": "kg·cm²",
          "condition": "Data-sheet basic data.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Thermally conditioned continuous-torque envelope",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited evidence publishes a rated torque at nominal current but no reference mounting, heatsink, ambient or winding-temperature-rise condition set for a continuous thermal envelope; the manufacturer explicitly states thermal behavior depends strongly on the installation situation.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-tq-robodrive-ilm-e85x13-independent_joint_test",
          "field": "independent_joint_test",
          "label": "Independent assembled-joint thermal and torque validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, assembled, commutated, loaded or thermally tested this servo kit.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "TQ-RoboDrive ILM-E Series Frameless Servo Kits Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.tq-group.com/filedownloads/files/products/robodrive/data-sheets/en/DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107_Web.pdf",
            "location": "Basic data, star-serial interconnection and mounting-dimension tables, ILM-E85x13 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "DRVA_DB_Servo-Kits_ILM-E_EN_Rev0107"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Electrical values are interconnection-specific; delta-serial and star-parallel variants of the same size have different current, torque-constant and resistance values.",
        "Rated torque has no published reference mounting or heatsink condition; the installation determines the real thermal envelope.",
        "The frameless kit is not a finished actuator; no RCI physical assembly, torque, thermal or life test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439",
      "slug": "maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-maxon",
      "officialModel": "EC frameless DT 50 S 734439",
      "name": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439)",
      "aliases": [
        "734439",
        "EC frameless DT 50 S, Ø54 mm, brushless, 220 W"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Frameless brushless DC motor kit",
      "architecture": "Internal-rotor BLDC motor kit; rotor and stator delivered separately without bearings or motor shaft; sensorless design without Hall sensor signals per the EC frameless DT installation manual",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
      "summary": "This record freezes maxon ordering number 734439 from the current EC frameless DT range; the older EC frameless flat parts (for example 548273 and 588849) are marked NRND in the same catalog and are deliberately not selected. Values are the catalog figures at 48 V nominal voltage; stall figures are electrical endpoints, not thermal ratings.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-order_number",
          "field": "order_number",
          "label": "Ordering number",
          "originalValue": "734439",
          "condition": "EC frameless DT 50 S, Ø54 mm, brushless, 220 W catalog product.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "48",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Values-at-nominal-voltage table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Nominal torque (max. continuous torque)",
          "originalValue": "368",
          "originalUnit": "mN·m",
          "condition": "Catalog rating at nominal voltage; the mounting and heat-dissipation situation of the installed kit governs the real thermal envelope.",
          "note": "The May 2025 catalog-page PDF for the same part (EC-frameless-DT-50-S-EN-05-2025) lists 322 mNm; the live 2026 catalog value is carried here and the discrepancy is unresolved.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-continuous_current",
          "field": "continuous_current",
          "label": "Nominal current (max. continuous current)",
          "originalValue": "4.9",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Catalog rating paired with the nominal-torque figure.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-nominal_speed",
          "field": "nominal_speed",
          "label": "Nominal speed",
          "originalValue": "5510",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Values-at-nominal-voltage table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-no_load_speed",
          "field": "no_load_speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "6650",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "No-load endpoint; not a loaded operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-stall_torque",
          "field": "stall_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "1890",
          "originalUnit": "mN·m",
          "condition": "Electrical stall endpoint at nominal voltage (stall current 81.2 A); not a continuous or thermally sustainable rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-max_speed",
          "field": "max_speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "7000",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Mechanical-data limit, not a recommended continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-torque_constant",
          "field": "torque_constant",
          "label": "Torque constant",
          "originalValue": "68.5",
          "originalUnit": "mN·m/A",
          "condition": "Characteristics table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-terminal_resistance",
          "field": "terminal_resistance",
          "label": "Terminal resistance",
          "originalValue": "0.591",
          "originalUnit": "Ω",
          "condition": "Characteristics table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-thermal_data",
          "field": "thermal_data",
          "label": "Thermal resistances and time constants",
          "originalValue": "Housing–ambient 4.02 K/W; winding–housing 0.572 K/W; winding time constant 7.81 s; motor time constant 453 s",
          "condition": "Catalog thermal data; reference mounting conditions of the catalog measurement are not restated on the product page.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-temperature_limits",
          "field": "temperature_limits",
          "label": "Ambient and winding temperature limits",
          "originalValue": "Ambient −40 to +100 °C; max. winding temperature +155 °C",
          "condition": "Thermal-data table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-pole_pairs",
          "field": "pole_pairs",
          "label": "Number of pole pairs",
          "originalValue": "10",
          "condition": "Other-specifications table; 3 phases.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "225",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Catalog product weight for the kit as delivered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-kit_reference_mounting",
          "field": "kit_reference_mounting",
          "label": "Reference mounting condition behind the continuous rating",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The product page publishes nominal (continuous) torque and thermal resistances but does not restate the reference mounting, heatsink or cooling condition under which the frameless kit sustains the continuous rating in a customer housing.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-maxon-ec-frameless-dt50s-734439-independent_joint_test",
          "field": "independent_joint_test",
          "label": "Independent assembled-joint thermal and torque validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, assembled, commutated, loaded or thermally tested this motor kit.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "maxon EC frameless DT 50 S (734439) online catalog product page",
            "url": "https://www.maxongroup.com/maxon/view/product/734439",
            "location": "Specifications tab: values at nominal voltage, characteristics, thermal data, mechanical data and product weight",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Live online catalog observed on the verification date; catalog-page download listed as version 2026"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Stall torque and no-load speed are opposite electrical endpoints and must not be combined into an operating point.",
        "The live 2026 catalog nominal torque (368 mNm) differs from the May 2025 catalog-page PDF (322 mNm); the conflict is recorded, not resolved.",
        "The frameless kit is delivered without bearings or shaft; the customer housing determines the real thermal envelope. No RCI physical test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4",
      "slug": "faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-faulhaber",
      "officialModel": "3268 G024 BX4",
      "name": "FAULHABER 3268 G024 BX4",
      "aliases": [
        "3268G024BX4",
        "Series 3268 … BX4, 24 V winding"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Four-pole brushless DC servomotor",
      "architecture": "Slotless 4-pole brushless DC servomotor with digital Hall sensors, preloaded ball bearings and stainless-steel housing; drive electronics are external",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://eshop.faulhaber.com/en/3268-...-BX4/Serie-3268-...-BX4",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
      "summary": "This record freezes the 24 V winding of the Series 3268 … BX4 (62 W, 96 mNm series headline). Datasheet values are at 22 °C and nominal voltage; the continuous ratings are the manufacturer-calculated rated values with the Rth2 thermal resistance reduced by 25%, and stall torque is kept separate from the continuous rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-model_winding",
          "field": "model_winding",
          "label": "Exact model and winding",
          "originalValue": "3268 G024 BX4 (24 V winding)",
          "condition": "Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet column; other windings (18–48 V) are separate variants.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "24",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Values at 22 °C and nominal voltage.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque for continuous operation",
          "originalValue": "72",
          "originalUnit": "mN·m",
          "condition": "Rated values calculated with nominal voltage at 22 °C ambient; the Rth2 value reduced by 25%.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-rated_current",
          "field": "rated_current",
          "label": "Rated current (thermal limit)",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Same rated-value condition set as the rated torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-rated_speed",
          "field": "rated_speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "4 890",
          "originalUnit": "min⁻¹",
          "condition": "Same rated-value condition set as the rated torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-stall_torque",
          "field": "stall_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "705",
          "originalUnit": "mN·m",
          "condition": "Electrical endpoint at 22 °C and nominal voltage; not a continuous or thermally sustainable rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-no_load_speed",
          "field": "no_load_speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "5 500",
          "originalUnit": "min⁻¹",
          "condition": "No-load endpoint at nominal voltage.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-torque_constant",
          "field": "torque_constant",
          "label": "Torque constant",
          "originalValue": "43.3",
          "originalUnit": "mN·m/A",
          "condition": "24 V winding characteristic.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-terminal_resistance",
          "field": "terminal_resistance",
          "label": "Terminal resistance, phase-phase",
          "originalValue": "1.47",
          "originalUnit": "Ω",
          "condition": "24 V winding characteristic.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-max_speed",
          "field": "max_speed",
          "label": "Speed up to",
          "originalValue": "12 000",
          "originalUnit": "min⁻¹",
          "condition": "Series mechanical limit, not a continuous operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-thermal_parameters",
          "field": "thermal_parameters",
          "label": "Thermal resistances and time constants",
          "originalValue": "Rth1/Rth2 1.7/8.8 K/W; τw1/τw2 16/1 080 s",
          "condition": "Series thermal parameters used in the rated-value calculation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-temperature_limits",
          "field": "temperature_limits",
          "label": "Operating temperature range",
          "originalValue": "Motor −40 to +100 °C; winding max. +125 °C",
          "condition": "Series limits; a 150 °C-lead option changes the winding limit and is a separate option code.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "290",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Series value, motor only.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Body dimensions",
          "originalValue": "Ø32 × 70.2 (body length, excluding shaft)",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Dimensional drawing; shaft Ø5 mm.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-sensors_poles",
          "field": "sensors_poles",
          "label": "Commutation sensing and poles",
          "originalValue": "Digital Hall sensors; 2 pole pairs (4-pole technology)",
          "condition": "Series specification; analog-Hall and SIN-COS variants are separate option codes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-faulhaber-3268-g024-bx4-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-motor robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, serialised, loaded, thermally instrumented or endurance-tested a 3268 G024 BX4, and no drive-electronics pairing is fixed by this record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "FAULHABER Brushless DC-Servomotors Series 3268 … BX4 datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.faulhaber.com/fileadmin/Import/Media/EN_3268_BX4_DFF.pdf",
            "location": "3268 G024 BX4 column: values at 22 °C and nominal voltage, rated values for continuous operation, dimensional drawing",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "Edition 2025 Nov. 26"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Rated (continuous) values are manufacturer calculations at 22 °C ambient with a 25%-reduced Rth2; a fully insulated mounting reduces the real envelope.",
        "Stall torque and no-load speed are opposite endpoints and must not be combined into an operating point.",
        "The motor requires external drive electronics; no RCI physical torque, thermal or life test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro",
      "slug": "odrive-robotics-odrive-pro",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-odrive-robotics",
      "officialModel": "ODrive Pro",
      "name": "ODrive Robotics ODrive Pro",
      "aliases": [
        "ODrive Pro servo drive"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Low-voltage single-axis FOC servo drive",
      "architecture": "Single-axis field-oriented brushless motor controller with onboard magnetic encoder, isolated interfaces and heat-spreader/case mechanical options; a drive, not a motor",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://shop.odriverobotics.com/products/odrive-pro",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
      "summary": "This record covers the ODrive Pro servo drive with drive-specific fields: DC bus voltage range, cooling-conditioned continuous and peak phase-current ratings, and published interface and encoder-support lists. The official datasheet and the official shop page publish different voltage and continuous-current boundaries; both are recorded and the conflict is left unresolved.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-dc_bus_voltage",
          "field": "dc_bus_voltage",
          "label": "DC bus voltage range",
          "originalValue": "15–58",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Datasheet electrical table; all specifications stated for 0 °C ≤ TA ≤ 40 °C unless otherwise noted.",
          "note": "The official shop page states \"12-56V Operation (58V max)\"; the discrepancy between the two official surfaces is unresolved.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro Datasheet — ODrive Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
            "location": "Electromechanical specifications (electrical, physical, connectors, environmental) and pinout notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "ODrive Documentation 0.6.12"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-continuous_current_free_air",
          "field": "continuous_current_free_air",
          "label": "Operating motor current, free air",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Free air, TA 25 °C.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro Datasheet — ODrive Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
            "location": "Electromechanical specifications (electrical, physical, connectors, environmental) and pinout notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "ODrive Documentation 0.6.12"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-continuous_current_active_cooling",
          "field": "continuous_current_active_cooling",
          "label": "Operating motor current, active cooling",
          "originalValue": "80",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Active cooling, TA 25 °C.",
          "note": "The official shop page states \"Up to 70A continuous … with heatsink and fan\"; the discrepancy between the two official surfaces is unresolved.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro Datasheet — ODrive Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
            "location": "Electromechanical specifications (electrical, physical, connectors, environmental) and pinout notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "ODrive Documentation 0.6.12"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-peak_current",
          "field": "peak_current",
          "label": "Peak motor current",
          "originalValue": "100",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "3 second maximum.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro Datasheet — ODrive Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
            "location": "Electromechanical specifications (electrical, physical, connectors, environmental) and pinout notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "ODrive Documentation 0.6.12"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-peak_power",
          "field": "peak_power",
          "label": "Peak and continuous power statement",
          "originalValue": "Up to 5 kW peak; 3 kW continuous with appropriate cooling",
          "condition": "Shop-page marketing statement; the datasheet headline states 5 kW peak power without a continuous-power table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro product page (ODrive Robotics shop)",
            "url": "https://shop.odriverobotics.com/products/odrive-pro",
            "location": "Product description: power and cooling statements, control interfaces, onboard encoder, encoder support, control modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-modulation_depth",
          "field": "modulation_depth",
          "label": "Maximum modulation depth",
          "originalValue": "99",
          "originalUnit": "%",
          "condition": "Utilizable percentage of DC bus voltage.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro Datasheet — ODrive Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
            "location": "Electromechanical specifications (electrical, physical, connectors, environmental) and pinout notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "ODrive Documentation 0.6.12"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control and communication interfaces",
          "originalValue": "USB; isolated UART; isolated STEP/DIR; isolated PWM; analog voltage; isolated CAN (CAN baudrate up to 12 Mbit/s, additional firmware limitations apply)",
          "condition": "Shop-page control-options list combined with the datasheet CAN-baudrate line; the CAN protocol is ODrive’s own CAN-Simple, not CANopen.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro product page (ODrive Robotics shop)",
            "url": "https://shop.odriverobotics.com/products/odrive-pro",
            "location": "Product description: power and cooling statements, control interfaces, onboard encoder, encoder support, control modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-onboard_encoder",
          "field": "onboard_encoder",
          "label": "Onboard encoder",
          "originalValue": "MA702 magnetic encoder",
          "condition": "Requires a diametrically magnetized magnet on the motor shaft per the documentation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro product page (ODrive Robotics shop)",
            "url": "https://shop.odriverobotics.com/products/odrive-pro",
            "location": "Product description: power and cooling statements, control interfaces, onboard encoder, encoder support, control modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-encoder_support",
          "field": "encoder_support",
          "label": "External encoder support",
          "originalValue": "Offboard quadrature, Hall, SPI, SSI and RS485 encoders; experimental BiSS-C support",
          "condition": "Shop-page list; the datasheet adds RS422 differential pins supporting SSI, BiSS or RS422 SPI (half duplex only).",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro product page (ODrive Robotics shop)",
            "url": "https://shop.odriverobotics.com/products/odrive-pro",
            "location": "Product description: power and cooling statements, control interfaces, onboard encoder, encoder support, control modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-control_modes",
          "field": "control_modes",
          "label": "Control modes",
          "originalValue": "Torque, velocity, position and trajectory control",
          "condition": "Shop-page list, matching the documentation controller structure.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro product page (ODrive Robotics shop)",
            "url": "https://shop.odriverobotics.com/products/odrive-pro",
            "location": "Product description: power and cooling statements, control interfaces, onboard encoder, encoder support, control modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "140 (full case); 72 (heat spreader); 32 (bare board)",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Datasheet physical table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro Datasheet — ODrive Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
            "location": "Electromechanical specifications (electrical, physical, connectors, environmental) and pinout notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "ODrive Documentation 0.6.12"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "51 × 64 × 17.5",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Width × length × height, datasheet physical table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro Datasheet — ODrive Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
            "location": "Electromechanical specifications (electrical, physical, connectors, environmental) and pinout notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "ODrive Documentation 0.6.12"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-ingress_protection",
          "field": "ingress_protection",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP20 (with case); humidity non-condensing",
          "condition": "Datasheet environmental table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro Datasheet — ODrive Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
            "location": "Electromechanical specifications (electrical, physical, connectors, environmental) and pinout notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "ODrive Documentation 0.6.12"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-operating_temperature_range",
          "field": "operating_temperature_range",
          "label": "Full operating-temperature specification",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The datasheet states specifications apply for 0 °C ≤ TA ≤ 40 °C but publishes no full operating- or storage-temperature range for the drive itself.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro Datasheet — ODrive Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
            "location": "Electromechanical specifications (electrical, physical, connectors, environmental) and pinout notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "ODrive Documentation 0.6.12"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-odrive-robotics-odrive-pro-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-drive robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, loaded, thermally instrumented or endurance-tested an ODrive Pro, and no motor pairing, tuning or safety architecture is fixed by this record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ODrive Pro Datasheet — ODrive Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.odriverobotics.com/v/latest/hardware/pro-datasheet.html",
            "location": "Electromechanical specifications (electrical, physical, connectors, environmental) and pinout notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary",
            "revision": "ODrive Documentation 0.6.12"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The datasheet (15–58 V; 80 A active cooling) and the shop page (12–56 V operation, 58 V max; 70 A continuous with heatsink and fan) publish different boundaries; the conflict is recorded, not resolved.",
        "Continuous phase current is cooling-conditioned; the 100 A peak is limited to 3 seconds.",
        "The drive uses ODrive’s own CAN protocol, not CANopen or EtherCAT; no RCI physical test exists."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100",
      "slug": "elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-elmo-motion-control",
      "officialModel": "G-TWI 25/100",
      "name": "Elmo Gold Twitter G-TWI 25/100",
      "aliases": [
        "Gold Twitter 25/100",
        "G-TWI25/100"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Miniature PCB-mount servo drive",
      "architecture": "PCB-mounted miniature servo drive for brushless/DC motors with EtherCAT or CANopen network variants and multi-protocol feedback support; heatsink and host board are customer-provided",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
      "summary": "This record freezes the 25 A / 100 V rating point of the Gold Twitter family from the official product page, which publishes numeric model-level tables without a form gate. Continuous current is carried in both amplitude and RMS forms as published, and the peak rating is recorded exactly as the published 2 × Ic multiple because no duration is stated on the cited page.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-19",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-model_rating_point",
          "field": "model_rating_point",
          "label": "Exact model rating point",
          "originalValue": "G-TWI 25/100: 25 A, 100 V family column",
          "condition": "One of multiple Gold Twitter current/voltage variants; other ratings (60 V, 200 V and R-variants) are separate models.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-supply_voltage",
          "field": "supply_voltage",
          "label": "Supply voltage range",
          "originalValue": "10–95",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "100 VDC-class variant; nominal 85 VDC.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-continuous_current",
          "field": "continuous_current",
          "label": "Continuous current",
          "originalValue": "25 A amplitude; 17.7 A RMS sinusoidal",
          "condition": "Published model rating; thermal realization depends on customer heatsinking of the PCB-mounted drive.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-peak_current",
          "field": "peak_current",
          "label": "Peak current",
          "originalValue": "2 × Ic (50 A)",
          "condition": "Published as a multiple of continuous current; the cited page states no peak duration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-max_output_power",
          "field": "max_output_power",
          "label": "Maximum continuous power output",
          "originalValue": "2000",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Published under the exact label “Maximum continuous power output” for the 25/100 model; larger family models reach up to 5.6 kW.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-output_voltage",
          "field": "output_voltage",
          "label": "Maximum output voltage",
          "originalValue": "Up to 96% of DC bus voltage",
          "condition": "Family electrical statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Network variants",
          "originalValue": "EtherCAT (with USB, RS232) or CANopen (with RS232)",
          "condition": "The network interface is fixed by the ordered variant; EtherCAT and CANopen are distinct hardware versions with different heights and masses.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-feedback_support",
          "field": "feedback_support",
          "label": "Feedback support",
          "originalValue": "BiSS, EnDat 2.2/2.1/3, HIPERFACE, Hiperface DSL, incremental encoders, digital Halls, resolver, SSI, SIN/COS, Tamagawa, Panasonic, Sanyo Denki, Bosch and others",
          "condition": "Published family feedback list; single, dual and gantry loop configurations.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions without heatsink",
          "originalValue": "35 × 30 × 11.5 (CAN version); 35 × 30 × 14.4 (EtherCAT version)",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Family physical data; PCB-mounted via direct solder pins.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight without heatsink",
          "originalValue": "18.6 (CAN version); 22.2 (EtherCAT version)",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Family physical data.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-efficiency",
          "field": "efficiency",
          "label": "Efficiency statement",
          "originalValue": ">99% at rated power under nominal conditions",
          "condition": "Manufacturer statement tied to its switching technology; no third-party measurement is cited.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-peak_current_duration",
          "field": "peak_current_duration",
          "label": "Peak-current duration and thermal condition",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited page publishes peak current only as 2 × Ic without a duration, ambient or heatsink condition; the model datasheet behind the page was not verified on the verification date.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-operating_temperature_range",
          "field": "operating_temperature_range",
          "label": "Operating temperature range",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "The cited page does not publish an ambient operating-temperature range for the drive.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-elmo-motion-control-g-twi-25-100-independent_robot_validation",
          "field": "independent_robot_validation",
          "label": "Independent exact-drive robot validation",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited public evidence",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official public evidence on the verification date.",
          "note": "RCI has not received, loaded, thermally instrumented or endurance-tested a G-TWI 25/100, and no motor pairing, tuning or safety architecture is fixed by this record.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Elmo Motion Control Gold Twitter product page",
            "url": "https://www.elmomc.com/product/gold-twitter/",
            "location": "Gold Twitter specifications table, G-TWI 25/100 row, family electrical data, feedback list and physical data",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-19",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Continuous and peak currents are published without ambient, heatsink or duration conditions on the cited page; the customer host board and heatsink govern real thermal capability.",
        "EtherCAT and CANopen versions are distinct hardware variants with different heights and masses; this record does not select one.",
        "No RCI physical current, thermal, network-timing or safety test exists."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
    {
      "slug": "integrated-joint-actuators",
      "title": "Integrated joint actuator evidence table",
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 01",
      "summary": "A condition-preserving comparison of twenty networked actuator configurations.",
      "scope": "Public manufacturer specifications for HEBI, ROBOTIS, CubeMars and MYACTUATOR modules spanning series-elastic, harmonic, planetary and high-ratio servo architectures.",
      "caution": "Peak, stall and rated torque are different claims. Backlash signs, limits and methods also differ; missing values stay unknown instead of inferred.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus",
        "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3",
        "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4",
        "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus",
        "cmp-hebi-h25-90",
        "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r",
        "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3",
        "cmp-hebi-t8-3-plus",
        "cmp-hebi-t25-20",
        "cmp-hebi-h25-45",
        "cmp-robotis-xh540-w150-r",
        "cmp-robotis-xw540-t260-r",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak60-6-v3",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak80-64",
        "cmp-cubemars-aka60-6",
        "cmp-robotis-xl330-m077-t",
        "cmp-robotis-xl330-m288-t",
        "cmp-robotis-xm430-w210-t"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous / rated torque",
          "guidance": "The manufacturer’s exact label and missing thermal conditions remain visible."
        },
        {
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak or stall torque",
          "guidance": "Not a continuous operating point; read the condition."
        },
        {
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Speed claim",
          "guidance": "Maximum, no-load and rated speed are not equivalent."
        },
        {
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "guidance": "Accessory, cable and mounting mass may be excluded."
        },
        {
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "guidance": "Unknown when absent from the cited summary source."
        },
        {
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "guidance": "Protocol and physical medium both affect integration."
        },
        {
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash claim",
          "guidance": "Manufacturer wording is preserved; ±, unsigned, upper-bound and categorical “none” values are not ranked without a shared test method."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-depth-cameras",
      "title": "Robot stereo and depth camera evidence table",
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 02",
      "summary": "Range, resolution, transport and timing claims without collapsing unlike camera architectures.",
      "scope": "USB active/passive stereo cameras, rugged GMSL/GMSL2 cameras, PoE GigE stereo systems and industrial GigE time-of-flight cameras.",
      "caution": "Maximum range, ideal range, optimal range and accuracy-tested range are not interchangeable.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-realsense-d455",
        "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335",
        "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x",
        "cmp-basler-blaze-101",
        "cmp-realsense-d435i",
        "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2",
        "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i",
        "cmp-realsense-d457",
        "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-xl",
        "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-mini-22",
        "cmp-basler-blaze-102"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Published range",
          "guidance": "Range wording and conditions are preserved."
        },
        {
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Resolution / frame rate",
          "guidance": "Mode combinations matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view / lens",
          "guidance": "Lens option and axis definitions matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "guidance": "GMSL2 and USB require different host hardware."
        },
        {
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Accuracy / precision",
          "guidance": "Only comparable with the same distance, target and metric."
        },
        {
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Timing / sync",
          "guidance": "Feature support is not proof of achieved multi-sensor timing."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-3d-lidar",
      "title": "Robot 3D LiDAR evidence table",
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 03",
      "summary": "Panoramic LiDAR specifications with reflectivity, return mode and configuration attached.",
      "scope": "Compact and long-range Livox, configurable Ouster and 32-channel Hesai sensors used in robotic perception stacks.",
      "caution": "A single “range” number is misleading unless reflectivity, ambient light, channel and detection criterion match.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-livox-mid-360",
        "cmp-ouster-os1",
        "cmp-hesai-xt32",
        "cmp-livox-avia",
        "cmp-ouster-os0",
        "cmp-livox-mid-70",
        "cmp-ouster-os2",
        "cmp-hesai-qt128",
        "cmp-sick-multiscan136-1140133"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range claim",
          "guidance": "Reflectivity and instrument-range distinctions remain visible."
        },
        {
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "guidance": "Return mode and family configuration matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "guidance": "Horizontal and vertical axes are not collapsed."
        },
        {
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Channels",
          "guidance": "Not every scanning architecture uses channels the same way."
        },
        {
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power",
          "guidance": "Unknown is shown when the selected citation does not support the field."
        },
        {
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "guidance": "Protocol support is only one layer of timing performance."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-main-compute",
      "title": "Robot main-compute platform evidence table",
      "category": "compute-control",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 04",
      "summary": "Compute modules and complete industrial systems compared beyond an unsupported single TOPS ranking.",
      "scope": "Production SoMs, a robotics development platform and rugged Jetson systems; module capability and system-exposed I/O remain distinct.",
      "caution": "TOPS values are precision-, sparsity- and workload-specific. Absence of a TOPS number is not zero AI capability.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb",
        "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5",
        "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5",
        "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao",
        "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai",
        "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012",
        "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb",
        "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb",
        "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4",
        "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb",
        "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai",
        "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-8gb",
        "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb3",
        "cmp-advantech-mic-713-ox",
        "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8646ai",
        "cmp-seeed-recomputer-mini-j4012",
        "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx95-hexa-8gb-wb-it"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "guidance": "Core architecture and clocks do not replace workload benchmarks."
        },
        {
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI acceleration claim",
          "guidance": "Preserves TOPS conditions or the vendor’s architectural description."
        },
        {
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "guidance": "Capacity, bandwidth and ordered variant all matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera I/O",
          "guidance": "Module capability differs from carrier-exposed ports."
        },
        {
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power envelope",
          "guidance": "Module modes exclude some carrier and peripheral loads."
        },
        {
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Software baseline",
          "guidance": "Support windows and exact release compatibility require ongoing tracking."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-battery-packs",
      "title": "Robot battery and cell evidence table",
      "category": "power-energy",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 05",
      "summary": "Pack-level and cell-level records shown together specifically to expose their integration boundary and revision drift.",
      "scope": "Eight removable packs and three high-power cylindrical cells used as pack-design inputs, including one legacy pack and explicit connector/BOM fields.",
      "caution": "A cell is not a battery pack. Nominal watt-hours do not establish usable robot runtime, peak power or pack safety.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-rrc2054-2",
        "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29",
        "cmp-molicel-p45b",
        "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01",
        "cmp-rrc2040-2",
        "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34",
        "cmp-molicel-p50b",
        "cmp-rrc2057",
        "cmp-inspired-nl2024hd22",
        "cmp-molicel-p42a",
        "cmp-ultralife-ubbl24"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "guidance": "Operating and cut-off ranges still need verification."
        },
        {
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Capacity",
          "guidance": "Test rate, temperature and end voltage affect the claim."
        },
        {
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Energy",
          "guidance": "Derived values are labeled and are not usable-energy measurements."
        },
        {
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Discharge current",
          "guidance": "Thermal cut-offs and pack protection matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Pack communication",
          "guidance": "Cells have no pack-level communication."
        },
        {
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Safety / transport evidence",
          "guidance": "Document availability must match the exact shipped configuration."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-can-interfaces",
      "title": "Robot host-to-CAN interface evidence table",
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 06",
      "summary": "Host-to-CAN adapters compared at the protocol, timestamp, isolation, environmental and driver layers.",
      "scope": "USB, Ethernet and PCIe host interfaces with single- or dual-channel classical CAN and CAN FD used for robot commissioning, control and diagnostics.",
      "caution": "CAN, CAN FD, CANopen and device-specific application protocols are different layers. A USB adapter does not make host timing deterministic.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2",
        "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
        "cmp-kvaser-u100p",
        "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
        "cmp-kvaser-leaf-v3",
        "cmp-kvaser-ethercan-hs",
        "cmp-kvaser-pciecan-hs",
        "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-compact"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "guidance": "Channel count does not establish isolation or synchronized timing."
        },
        {
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "guidance": "Official-document conflicts remain visible."
        },
        {
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD support",
          "guidance": "Unknown means the selected record does not support a positive claim."
        },
        {
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "guidance": "USB, Ethernet and PCIe create different scheduling, security and driver boundaries."
        },
        {
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp capability",
          "guidance": "Numeric resolution and qualitative claims are not equivalent."
        },
        {
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "guidance": "Presence and withstand rating are distinct facts."
        },
        {
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver / API baseline",
          "guidance": "Current OS and driver releases require continuing verification."
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}