{
  "title": "RCI Robot Component Evidence Catalog",
  "version": "0.3.0",
  "schemaVersion": 1,
  "released": "2026-08-10",
  "canonical": "https://robotcomponentindex.com/data/",
  "methodology": "https://robotcomponentindex.com/methodology/",
  "rightsNotice": "RCI provides original organization, normalization notes and editorial analysis. Manufacturer names, product names and linked source materials retain their respective rights. Values are factual transcriptions or explicitly marked RCI derivations; verify against the linked source before design or procurement.",
  "evidenceCodes": {
    "M": "Manufacturer claimed",
    "V": "Independently verified",
    "D": "RCI derived",
    "C": "Conflicting",
    "U": "Unknown"
  },
  "manufacturerCount": 25,
  "componentCount": 45,
  "claimCount": 298,
  "comparisonCount": 6,
  "manufacturers": [
    {
      "id": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "slug": "hebi-robotics",
      "name": "HEBI Robotics",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Modular robotic actuators, arms and software APIs for research and field systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-robotis",
      "slug": "robotis",
      "name": "ROBOTIS",
      "headquarters": "South Korea",
      "website": "https://www.robotis.us/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Developer of DYNAMIXEL networked actuators and robot development platforms."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-cubemars",
      "slug": "cubemars",
      "name": "CubeMars",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.cubemars.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Integrated planetary actuators, frameless motors and propulsion products for mobile robotics."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-realsense",
      "slug": "realsense",
      "name": "RealSense",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.realsenseai.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Stereo depth cameras, modules and computer-vision software for robotics and spatial applications."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-orbbec",
      "slug": "orbbec",
      "name": "Orbbec",
      "headquarters": "China / United States",
      "website": "https://www.orbbec.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "3D vision cameras and depth-sensing platforms for robotics and industrial systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "slug": "stereolabs",
      "name": "Stereolabs",
      "headquarters": "United States / France",
      "website": "https://www.stereolabs.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Stereo cameras and spatial AI software for robots, automation and digital twins."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-livox",
      "slug": "livox",
      "name": "Livox",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.livoxtech.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Compact 3D LiDAR sensors and software for mobile robots, mapping and autonomy."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-ouster",
      "slug": "ouster",
      "name": "Ouster",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://ouster.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Digital spinning and solid-state LiDAR hardware, software and perception products."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-hesai",
      "slug": "hesai",
      "name": "Hesai Technology",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.hesaitech.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Automotive and robotic LiDAR sensors spanning short-, mid- and long-range applications."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-nvidia",
      "slug": "nvidia",
      "name": "NVIDIA",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded-computing",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Jetson embedded AI modules and the associated JetPack, CUDA and robotics software stack."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi",
      "headquarters": "United Kingdom",
      "website": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Single-board computers and compute modules used in embedded and industrial systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-qualcomm",
      "slug": "qualcomm",
      "name": "Qualcomm",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.qualcomm.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Mobile and edge-compute platforms including robotics processors, connectivity and AI acceleration."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-rrc",
      "slug": "rrc-power-solutions",
      "name": "RRC power solutions",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Standard and custom smart batteries, chargers and power-management products."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "slug": "inspired-energy",
      "name": "Inspired Energy",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://inspired-energy.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "Rechargeable smart battery packs, chargers and portable-power accessories for OEM systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-molicel",
      "slug": "molicel",
      "name": "Molicel",
      "legalName": "E-One Moli Energy",
      "headquarters": "Taiwan / Canada",
      "website": "https://www.molicel.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "description": "High-power cylindrical lithium-ion cells for mobility, aviation and other demanding applications."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-myactuator",
      "slug": "myactuator",
      "name": "MYACTUATOR",
      "legalName": "Suzhou Micro Actuator Technology Co., Ltd.",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.myactuator.com/",
      "categories": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Integrated planetary, harmonic and direct-drive actuators with CAN, RS-485 and EtherCAT variants."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-basler",
      "slug": "basler",
      "name": "Basler",
      "legalName": "Basler AG",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.baslerweb.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial machine-vision cameras, 3D time-of-flight cameras and the pylon software ecosystem."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-sick",
      "slug": "sick",
      "name": "SICK",
      "legalName": "SICK AG",
      "headquarters": "Germany",
      "website": "https://www.sick.com/",
      "categories": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial sensing and safety products including 2D and multi-layer LiDAR for mobile robots."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-advantech",
      "slug": "advantech",
      "name": "Advantech",
      "legalName": "Advantech Co., Ltd.",
      "headquarters": "Taiwan",
      "website": "https://www.advantech.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial computers and rugged edge-AI systems with robotics-oriented networking and I/O."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-aaeon",
      "slug": "aaeon",
      "name": "AAEON",
      "legalName": "AAEON Technology Inc.",
      "headquarters": "Taiwan",
      "website": "https://www.aaeon.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial embedded computers and fanless edge-AI systems spanning NVIDIA and x86 platforms."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-seeed",
      "slug": "seeed-studio",
      "name": "Seeed Studio",
      "headquarters": "China",
      "website": "https://www.seeedstudio.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Embedded development and production hardware including Jetson-based industrial and robotics computers."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-toradex",
      "slug": "toradex",
      "name": "Toradex",
      "legalName": "Toradex AG",
      "headquarters": "Switzerland",
      "website": "https://www.toradex.com/",
      "categories": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial system-on-modules, carrier-board ecosystems and maintained embedded Linux platforms."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-ultralife",
      "slug": "ultralife",
      "name": "Ultralife",
      "legalName": "Ultralife Corporation",
      "headquarters": "United States",
      "website": "https://www.ultralifecorporation.com/",
      "categories": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Rugged primary and rechargeable batteries, smart packs, chargers and power systems."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-kvaser",
      "slug": "kvaser",
      "name": "Kvaser",
      "legalName": "Kvaser AB",
      "headquarters": "Sweden",
      "website": "https://kvaser.com/",
      "categories": [
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "CAN and CAN FD interfaces, embedded boards, data loggers, drivers and development APIs."
    },
    {
      "id": "mfr-hms",
      "slug": "hms-networks-ixxat",
      "name": "HMS Networks / Ixxat",
      "legalName": "HMS Networks AB",
      "headquarters": "Sweden / Germany",
      "website": "https://www.hms-networks.com/ixxat",
      "categories": [
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "description": "Industrial communication interfaces and embedded networking products sold under the Ixxat brand."
    }
  ],
  "components": [
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus",
      "slug": "hebi-r8-9-plus",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "R8-9+",
      "name": "HEBI R8-9+ Actuator",
      "aliases": [
        "R8–9+"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated rotary joint actuator",
      "architecture": "Sealed modular actuator with reduction, sensing, controller and optical-Ethernet daisy chain",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/robotic-actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A field-oriented modular actuator whose official datasheet separates continuous torque from peak torque and publishes environmental and sensing information.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "10",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Datasheet headline rating; speed–torque envelope still governs simultaneous torque and speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "23",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak rating; duration is not stated in the headline table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "39",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed; not simultaneously available with peak torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "685",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI R+ Actuator Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/R-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2025-03-13"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The headline peak-torque duration is not stated in the summary table.",
        "Torque and speed maxima must not be treated as a simultaneous operating point."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r",
      "slug": "robotis-xh540-w270-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XH540-W270-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XH540-W270-R",
      "aliases": [
        "XH540-W270-T/R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, high-ratio metal gearing, encoder and embedded controller in a networked servo",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
      "summary": "A compact networked servo whose highest torque figure is explicitly a stall value at a specified voltage and current—not a continuous joint rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "9.9",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "At 12.0 V and 4.9 A; the e-Manual warns that stall torque is not a continuous output rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "39",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 12.0 V; no load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "165",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "272.5:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "R suffix; T variant uses TTL.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15",
          "originalUnit": "arcmin",
          "condition": "Equivalent value shown by manufacturer as 0.25°.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS e-Manual — XH540-W270-T/R",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xh540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and performance graph",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No continuous output torque is published in the main specification table.",
        "The stall and no-load values describe opposite ends of the operating curve."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak80-9-v3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK80-9 V3.0 KV100",
      "name": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0",
      "aliases": [
        "AK80-9 V3.0 KV100"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated rotary joint actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 9:1 planetary gearbox, driver and encoder in an integrated module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
      "summary": "A low-ratio integrated actuator marketed for legged robots, exoskeletons and AGVs with rated and peak torque published separately.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "9",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer calls this rated torque; thermal duty conditions are not stated in the product comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "22",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 28 A; duration not stated in the visible specification table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "390",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At the published rated operating point.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "490",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "9:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control/data interface",
          "originalValue": "CAN + serial setup port",
          "condition": "XT30 2+2 combines power and CAN; CJT 3-pin is used for setup communication.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK80-9 V3.0 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak80-9-v3-0-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Specification and product comparison tables",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The visible page does not define the thermal test behind rated torque.",
        "Peak torque duration is not stated in the headline specification table."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-realsense-d455",
      "slug": "realsense-d455",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-realsense",
      "officialModel": "D455",
      "name": "RealSense Depth Camera D455",
      "aliases": [
        "D455f family"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active IR stereo depth camera with RGB global shutter and IMU",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
      "summary": "A USB stereo-depth camera with a 95 mm baseline, global shutters and a published ideal range tied to accuracy context.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.6–6",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-described ideal range; not a hard detection limit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 720 up to 30 fps; 848 × 480 up to 90 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum frame rate depends on resolution.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "87 × 58",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data connector",
          "originalValue": "USB-C 3.1 Gen 1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<2% at 4 m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer condition shown on the product page; see datasheet footnote for full method.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d455-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Motion sensing / synchronization",
          "originalValue": "Bosch BMI055 IMU; multi-camera use described",
          "condition": "Product page does not turn this into a universal host-level synchronization guarantee.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense D455 product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/real-sense-depth-camera-d455f/",
            "location": "Tech Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The stated ideal range and accuracy are not interchangeable with maximum detectable distance.",
        "Resolution and frame-rate maxima cannot be combined arbitrarily."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335",
      "slug": "orbbec-gemini-335",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-orbbec",
      "officialModel": "Gemini 335",
      "name": "Orbbec Gemini 335",
      "aliases": [
        "G40155-170"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Stereo depth camera using Orbbec MX6800 processing ASIC with RGB, IMU and trigger support",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
      "summary": "A wide-field stereo camera whose product page distinguishes theoretical reach, recommended operating range and a precision claim at 2 m.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.10–20+",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Optimal range 0.26–3 m; manufacturer also states a theoretical maximum up to 65 m.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 800 @ 30 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum published depth mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "90 × 65",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data connection",
          "originalValue": "USB 3.0 Type-C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Spatial precision",
          "originalValue": "≤1.5% RMSE",
          "condition": "1280 × 800 at 2 m over a 90% × 90% region of interest.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "Depth/color sync, multi-device sync and hardware trigger supported",
          "condition": "Host, cable and SDK configuration still determine achieved timing.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 335 product page",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/products/stereo-vision-camera/gemini-335/",
            "location": "Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Theoretical maximum distance is not the same as the optimal range.",
        "Published precision is tied to distance, resolution and ROI."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x",
      "slug": "stereolabs-zed-x",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "officialModel": "ZED X",
      "name": "Stereolabs ZED X",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo camera",
      "architecture": "Dual global-shutter color sensors with GMSL2 transport, IMU and external frame sync",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
      "summary": "A rugged GMSL2 stereo camera intended for robotics and field automation, with frame-rate claims tied to sensor resolution.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Stereo video modes",
          "originalValue": "1920 × 1200 @ 60 fps; 960 × 600 @ 120 fps",
          "condition": "The two maxima are separate operating modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Lens options",
          "originalValue": "2 mm wide-FOV or 4 mm long-range lens",
          "condition": "Field of view depends on ordered lens option.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data connection",
          "originalValue": "GMSL2",
          "condition": "Requires a compatible deserializer or capture platform.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress rating",
          "originalValue": "IP67",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "originalValue": "External frame sync",
          "condition": "Integration details depend on host hardware and cable topology.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED X product page",
            "url": "https://www.stereolabs.com/products/zed-x",
            "location": "Technical Specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "A host-side depth range figure is not published in the same visible specification block used here.",
        "GMSL2 is not plug-compatible with USB cameras."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360",
      "slug": "livox-mid-360",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-livox",
      "officialModel": "MID-360",
      "name": "Livox MID-360",
      "aliases": [
        "Mid-360"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Compact non-repetitive scanning 360-degree LiDAR with Ethernet, IMU and PTPv2/GPS synchronization",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
      "summary": "A compact panoramic LiDAR whose official range is explicitly split by target reflectivity under 100 klx ambient illumination.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Detection range",
          "originalValue": "40 m @ 10%; 70 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity; 100 klx ambient illumination.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "200,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "First return.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "360 × 59",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal 360°; vertical −7° to +52°.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Average power",
          "originalValue": "6.5",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Manufacturer average.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "265",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-mid-360-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Data synchronization",
          "originalValue": "IEEE 1588-2008 PTPv2 / GPS",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox MID-360 specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/mid-360/specs",
            "location": "Basic Specs",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Range changes materially with reflectivity.",
        "Point rate is stated for first return; return mode matters."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ouster-os1",
      "slug": "ouster-os1",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ouster",
      "officialModel": "OS1",
      "name": "Ouster OS1",
      "aliases": [
        "OS1-128"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Digital spinning LiDAR family with configurable channel count and frame rate",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os1",
      "summary": "A mid-range spinning LiDAR family whose top-line density depends on selecting the 128-channel configuration and maximum frame mode.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range",
          "originalValue": "90 m at 10% reflectivity; 200 m maximum",
          "condition": "Reflectivity is stated for the 90 m figure; maximum-range condition differs.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS1 product page",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os1",
            "location": "Key specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Maximum point rate",
          "originalValue": "5.2 million",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Maximum published family configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS1 product page",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os1",
            "location": "Key specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Vertical field of view",
          "originalValue": "45",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal field is panoramic for the spinning sensor.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS1 product page",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os1",
            "location": "Key specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Maximum channel resolution",
          "originalValue": "128",
          "originalUnit": "channels",
          "condition": "Family maximum; ordered SKU matters.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS1 product page",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os1",
            "location": "Key specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP68 / IP69K",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS1 product page",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os1",
            "location": "Key specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os1-frame_rate",
          "field": "frame_rate",
          "label": "Maximum frame rate",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Maximum published configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS1 product page",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os1",
            "location": "Key specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "OS1 is a configurable family; channel count and operating mode must be fixed before comparison.",
        "The 90 m and 200 m figures are not stated under the same target condition."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32",
      "slug": "hesai-xt32",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hesai",
      "officialModel": "XT32",
      "name": "Hesai XT32",
      "aliases": [
        "XT32M/32/16 family"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "32-channel mechanical spinning LiDAR with Ethernet and PTP/GPS timing",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
      "summary": "A 32-channel panoramic mid-range LiDAR with separate instrument range, reflectivity-conditioned capability and return-mode point rates.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Instrumented range",
          "originalValue": "0.05–120",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-table range; user manual additionally conditions capability by reflectivity and channel.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "640,000",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Single return; dual-return rate differs.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "360 × 31",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Channels",
          "originalValue": "32",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "800",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hesai-xt32-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Clock source",
          "originalValue": "GPS / PTP",
          "condition": "The user manual lists ≤1 μs PTP clock accuracy under its stated conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Hesai XT32/16 product page",
            "url": "https://www.hesaitech.com/product/xt16-32-32m/",
            "location": "XT32 specification details",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Instrument range is not the same as guaranteed detection at low reflectivity.",
        "Point rate changes with return mode."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb",
      "slug": "nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-nvidia",
      "officialModel": "Jetson AGX Orin 64GB",
      "name": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin 64GB",
      "aliases": [
        "P3701-0005"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded AI system-on-module",
      "architecture": "Ampere GPU, Arm Cortex-A78AE CPU, NVDLA and PVA accelerators on a production SoM",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
      "summary": "A high-end Jetson module whose headline TOPS value is an INT8 sparse throughput claim and must be paired with its power mode and workload precision.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "275 INT8 sparse TOPS",
          "condition": "Vendor theoretical peak with sparsity; not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "12-core Arm Cortex-A78AE",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "64 GB LPDDR5, 204.8 GB/s",
          "condition": "Production 64 GB module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Module power modes",
          "originalValue": "15–60",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Configured module power modes; carrier and peripherals add system power.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera I/O",
          "originalValue": "16 MIPI CSI-2 lanes / 16 virtual channels",
          "condition": "Module interface capability; carrier routing determines exposed ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin Developer Kit Reviewer’s Guide",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/sites/default/files/akamai/Jetson_AGX_Orin_Developer_Kit_RG_0.pdf",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin specifications, table 4",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Primary software stack",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA JetPack / CUDA / Isaac",
          "condition": "Exact compatibility depends on JetPack and Jetson Linux release.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson modules lineup",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
            "location": "Jetson AGX Orin Series",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "TOPS is precision- and sparsity-specific.",
        "Module power is not total robot-compute-system power.",
        "Carrier-board I/O exposure varies."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi-compute-module-5",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "officialModel": "Compute Module 5",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5",
      "aliases": [
        "CM5"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded compute module",
      "architecture": "BCM2712 quad-core Arm compute module with optional eMMC, wireless and carrier-board I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
      "summary": "A general-purpose embedded compute module with unusually long published production availability and flexible carrier-board integration.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A76 at 2.4 GHz",
          "condition": "Broadcom BCM2712.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory options",
          "originalValue": "2 / 4 / 8 / 16 GB LPDDR4-4267 with ECC",
          "condition": "Ordered variant determines installed memory.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera/display I/O",
          "originalValue": "2 × four-lane MIPI DSI/CSI-2 ports",
          "condition": "Carrier-board routing and software configuration required.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "High-speed I/O",
          "originalValue": "PCIe Gen 2 x1; 2 × USB 3.0; Gigabit Ethernet PHY with IEEE 1588",
          "condition": "Module capabilities; connectors depend on carrier.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Production commitment",
          "originalValue": "Until at least January 2036",
          "condition": "Manufacturer availability statement, not a warranty for every variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Module dimensions",
          "originalValue": "55 × 40 × 4.7",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 5 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-5/",
            "location": "Specification",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No dedicated NPU TOPS figure is claimed for the module itself.",
        "Real-time control and camera exposure depend on OS, carrier and configuration.",
        "Power consumption is workload- and carrier-dependent and is not reduced to one headline value here."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5",
      "slug": "qualcomm-robotics-rb5",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-qualcomm",
      "officialModel": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform",
      "name": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform",
      "aliases": [
        "RB5",
        "QRB5165 platform"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Robotics development platform",
      "architecture": "Heterogeneous mobile-derived robotics platform with CPU, Adreno GPU, Hexagon DSP/HTA, ISP and wireless connectivity",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
      "summary": "A robotics platform emphasizing heterogeneous imaging and AI pipelines rather than a directly comparable single TOPS headline.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "Kryo 585 up to 2.84 GHz",
          "condition": "Four high-performance and four low-power cores are described in the brief.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory support",
          "originalValue": "Up to 16 GB LPDDR5 / LPDDR4x",
          "condition": "Implementation and board variant determine installed memory.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera support",
          "originalValue": "12 D-PHY or 18 C-PHY cameras; 7 concurrent",
          "condition": "Platform maximum stated by vendor; board routing and sensors constrain actual combinations.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI acceleration",
          "originalValue": "Hexagon 698 DSP with HVX and Tensor Accelerator",
          "condition": "The cited brief does not state a directly comparable TOPS figure.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Software support in cited brief",
          "originalValue": "Ubuntu 18.04; Yocto Dunfell; Linux 4.19; ROS 2",
          "condition": "This is the document’s published baseline, not proof of current distribution support.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Wireless connectivity",
          "originalValue": "Wi-Fi 6 family / Bluetooth 5.1; optional 5G ecosystem",
          "condition": "Capabilities depend on platform configuration and mezzanine.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Qualcomm Robotics RB5 Platform Product Brief",
            "url": "https://www.qualcomm.com/content/dam/qcomm-martech/dm-assets/documents/qualcomm-robotics-rb5-platform-product-brief.pdf",
            "location": "Platform Specifications, page 2",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "87-PU787-1 Rev. B"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The official brief does not publish one TOPS value comparable to NVIDIA’s INT8 sparse number.",
        "The software versions in the brief require a current support-status check before design-in."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2",
      "slug": "rrc2054-2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-rrc",
      "officialModel": "RRC2054-2",
      "name": "RRC2054-2 Smart Battery Pack",
      "aliases": [
        "P/N 1100640"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "14.4 V removable smart pack with SMBus communication and integrated protection",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
      "summary": "A standardized smart battery pack with published electrical, thermal, communication and mechanical limits.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.40",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Nominal capacity",
          "originalValue": "≥6.80",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Datasheet minimum/nominal wording retained.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy, RCI derived",
          "originalValue": "97.9",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "normalizedValue": "97.9",
          "normalizedUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "14.40 V × 6.80 Ah; not usable energy and does not include voltage sag or cut-off.",
          "note": "RCI multiplication of the two manufacturer-stated nominal values.",
          "evidence": "D",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "rci-derived"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum discharge current",
          "originalValue": "10.0",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Thermal and protection limits still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication interface",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2054-2-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Typical weight",
          "originalValue": "450",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2054-2 Product Data Sheet",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/fileadmin/Dokumente/Data-Sheets/DS_RRC2054-2.pdf",
            "location": "Electrical Parameters and Characteristics",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Derived nominal energy is not the same as usable energy under a robot duty cycle.",
        "Connector pinout, charger compatibility and pack authentication must be checked separately."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29",
      "slug": "inspired-energy-nd2054hd29",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "officialModel": "ND2054HD29",
      "name": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "4S1P removable smart pack using four 18650 cells with fuel-gauge display",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
      "summary": "A compact smart pack with a published energy figure, connector family and UN 38.3 documentation link.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.4",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Capacity",
          "originalValue": "2.9",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Energy",
          "originalValue": "42",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Published current",
          "originalValue": "4.0",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Product-page headline; consult the data sheet for operating boundary and protection behavior.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-connector",
          "field": "connector",
          "label": "Mating connector",
          "originalValue": "AMP 5787422-1 or 5787446-1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Transport documentation",
          "originalValue": "UN 38.3 test summary linked",
          "condition": "Document availability is not a substitute for checking exact revision and shipment configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy ND2054HD29 product page",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/component/fabrik/details/3/57-nd2054hd29?Itemid=101",
            "location": "Details and data downloads",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product page does not establish robot-specific duty-cycle performance.",
        "Host communication behavior and charger compatibility require the linked data sheet."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b",
      "slug": "molicel-inr-21700-p45b",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-molicel",
      "officialModel": "INR-21700-P45B",
      "name": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B",
      "aliases": [
        "P45B"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "21700 lithium-ion cell",
      "architecture": "High-power cylindrical 21700 lithium-ion cell requiring an external pack, BMS, thermal design and protection system",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
      "summary": "A high-power cell record included to make the cell-versus-pack boundary explicit; it is not a drop-in robot battery.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-09",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "3.6",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Typical capacity",
          "originalValue": "4.5",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Typical energy",
          "originalValue": "16.2",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Single cell.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Continuous discharge current",
          "originalValue": "45",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Manufacturer datasheet applies an 80°C cut-off; pack thermal constraints may be lower.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Maximum weight",
          "originalValue": "70",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Official datasheet value; product page lists a nearby rounded value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p45b-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Listed test reports",
          "originalValue": "UL / UN / IEC / SDS",
          "condition": "Exact report and pack-level applicability must be verified.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P45B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p45b/",
            "location": "Product specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-09",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a cell, not a protected pack.",
        "A robot battery requires cell matching, interconnect, BMS, fusing, enclosure, thermal design and pack-level certification."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4",
      "slug": "myactuator-x8-32-v4",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-myactuator",
      "officialModel": "RMD-X8-P9-32-R",
      "name": "MYACTUATOR X8-32 V4",
      "aliases": [
        "X8-32",
        "RMD-X8-P9-32-R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "Planetary reduction, motor, controller and encoder in a compact RS-485 actuator module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
      "summary": "A current MYACTUATOR V4 module whose product code exposes peak torque, ratio and interface, while several continuous-duty fields remain image-only or unpublished in machine-readable form.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque encoded in model name",
          "originalValue": "32",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "The manufacturer’s naming guide defines the final number as peak torque; this is not a continuous rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Planetary reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "9:1",
          "condition": "P9 in the current model name.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication variant",
          "originalValue": "RS-485",
          "condition": "R suffix on the cited current product configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder configuration",
          "originalValue": "Single encoder",
          "condition": "Current X8-32 listing and X-series family grouping.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR V4 X8-32 Details",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/x8-32-details",
            "location": "Model definition and current product identity",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Replacement relationship",
          "originalValue": "Replaces RMD-X8-P6-20 / X8-20",
          "condition": "The manufacturer’s discontinuation notice names X8-32 as the replacement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "MYACTUATOR product discontinuation notice for X8-20",
            "url": "https://www.myactuator.com/%E5%89%AF%E6%9C%AC-news-5",
            "location": "Replacement notice",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The visible technical-parameter table is image-based; RCI has not transcribed speed, mass or thermal limits without a separately versioned document.",
        "Peak torque is encoded in the model name and does not establish continuous-duty output."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101",
      "slug": "basler-blaze-101",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-basler",
      "officialModel": "blaze-101",
      "name": "Basler blaze-101",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Time-of-flight 3D camera",
      "architecture": "Sony DepthSense IMX556 time-of-flight sensor with 940 nm VCSEL illumination and GigE Vision transport",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
      "summary": "An industrial ToF camera whose official documentation publishes unusually specific accuracy, warm-up, reflectivity and ambient-light conditions.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Measurement range",
          "originalValue": "Short 0.3–1.5; long 0.3–10",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Separate short- and long-range modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "640 × 480 at 20 fps default / 30 fps FastMode",
          "condition": "FastMode changes the operating mode; it is not the default.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "67 × 51",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Typical accuracy",
          "originalValue": "±5",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "0.5–5.5 m; 20-minute warm-up; flat white 90% target; no ambient light; 22°C; central 40 × 40 pixels; 25-image average.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "originalValue": "Gigabit Ethernet / GigE Vision",
          "condition": "1000 Mbit/s communication interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization modes",
          "originalValue": "PTP IEEE 1588, hardware trigger, software trigger, free run",
          "condition": "Multi-camera operation is supported, but achieved timing depends on network and configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-basler-blaze-101-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Camera power",
          "originalValue": "<15 mean; <55 peak",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "24 VDC ±10%; typical values are lower in the cited documentation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Basler blaze-101 Product Documentation",
            "url": "https://docs.baslerweb.com/blaze-101",
            "location": "General Specifications and Accuracy Test Conditions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The ±5 mm claim is not valid outside its stated target, temperature, warm-up and ambient-light test conditions.",
        "A 10 m range figure does not imply ±5 mm accuracy at 10 m."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100",
      "slug": "sick-picoscan100-family",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-sick",
      "officialModel": "picoScan100 family",
      "name": "SICK picoScan100 Family",
      "aliases": [
        "picoScan120",
        "picoScan150"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "2D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "HDDM+ multi-echo 2D scanning LiDAR with configurable Dynamic Sensing Profiles and Ethernet data interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
      "summary": "A configurable 2D LiDAR family whose range, resolution and scan rate vary together by model and sensing profile.",
      "comparisonGroups": [],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Working / scanning range",
          "originalValue": "0.05–120 m working; up to 75 m at 90% and 40 m at 10%",
          "condition": "Family and profile dependent; remission figures are at 10 klx.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Horizontal aperture angle",
          "originalValue": "276",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Family overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-scan_rate",
          "field": "scan_rate",
          "label": "Scanning frequency",
          "originalValue": "15–50",
          "originalUnit": "Hz",
          "condition": "Depends on variant and Dynamic Sensing Profile.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-angular_resolution",
          "field": "angular_resolution",
          "label": "Angular resolution",
          "originalValue": "0.05–0.5",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Resolution and scan rate are linked through the selected profile.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data integration",
          "originalValue": "Ethernet; ROS, C++ and Python drivers listed",
          "condition": "Exact native and host-side interfaces depend on model and firmware.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "220",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "Family technical overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-sick-picoscan100-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ambient operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−33 to +50",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Indoor/outdoor family rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "SICK picoScan100 Product Overview",
            "url": "https://www.sick.com/media/productoverview/0/70/970/productoverview_picoScan100_g574970_en.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2026-05-20"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a family record, not proof that every picoScan120/150 SKU supports every maximum.",
        "Range, angular resolution and scan frequency must be compared at the same Dynamic Sensing Profile."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao",
      "slug": "advantech-mic-733-ao",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-advantech",
      "officialModel": "MIC-733-AO",
      "name": "Advantech MIC-733-AO",
      "aliases": [
        "MIC-733-AO5A1",
        "MIC-733-AO6A1"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Rugged edge-AI computer",
      "architecture": "Fanless industrial system around NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin with modular networking, storage and optional GMSL/PoE expansion",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
      "summary": "A complete industrial computer that adds wide-input power, rugged I/O and expansion around an AGX Orin module; module TOPS must not be mistaken for whole-system performance.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "Up to 275",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "Maximum advertised AGX Orin configuration; precision, sparsity and application conditions are not a system benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Module memory options",
          "originalValue": "32 or 64 GB",
          "condition": "Depends on ordered AGX Orin system part number.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "4 × GbE; optional PoE",
          "condition": "Optional PoE module changes exposed capability.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Optional camera expansion",
          "originalValue": "4-channel GMSL2 frame grabber",
          "condition": "Optional IC-FG-4G2C1 module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-host_io",
          "field": "host_io",
          "label": "USB",
          "originalValue": "4 × USB 3.2 Gen 2 plus USB 2.0",
          "condition": "System-level external I/O.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "9–36",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Whole-system input range; consumption depends on configuration and load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "87 × 229.8 × 191.6",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Datasheet drawing.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Advantech MIC-733-AO Datasheet",
            "url": "https://advdownload.advantech.com/productfile/PIS/MIC-733/file/MIC-733-AO_DS%28030425%2920250306092757.pdf",
            "location": "Features, specifications and dimensions",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2025-03-04"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 275 TOPS headline belongs to a configured AGX Orin module and is not an end-to-end robotics workload result.",
        "PoE, GMSL2, storage and cellular features depend on optional modules."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai",
      "slug": "aaeon-boxer-8641ai",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-aaeon",
      "officialModel": "BOXER-8641AI",
      "name": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Fanless edge-AI computer",
      "architecture": "Compact fanless system with Jetson AGX Orin, removable storage and industrial serial/DIO interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
      "summary": "A rugged complete computer offered with 32 GB and 64 GB AGX Orin variants, making ordered configuration part of every comparison.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU by module variant",
          "originalValue": "8-core Cortex-A78AE (32 GB) / 12-core Cortex-A78AE (64 GB)",
          "condition": "Ordered AGX Orin variant determines CPU configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "System memory options",
          "originalValue": "32 or 64 GB LPDDR5",
          "condition": "Soldered on the selected Jetson module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet",
          "originalValue": "2 × Gigabit Ethernet",
          "condition": "RJ-45 system ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-host_io",
          "field": "host_io",
          "label": "Industrial and USB I/O",
          "originalValue": "3 × USB 3.2 Gen 2; USB 2.0; 2 × RS-232/422/485; 8-bit DIO",
          "condition": "External system interfaces.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "Storage expansion",
          "originalValue": "64 GB eMMC; microSD; SATA bay; M.2 NVMe",
          "condition": "Availability and capacity depend on installed media.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "12",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "Lockable DC jack; no single workload power figure is published in the selected table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +55",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "With 0.5 m/s airflow.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "180 × 136 × 79.1",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Specification table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8641AI Specifications",
            "url": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8641ai/specification",
            "location": "System, power supply, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The product family has two materially different compute modules.",
        "The selected specification table does not provide a whole-system power envelope or workload benchmark."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012",
      "slug": "seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-seeed",
      "officialModel": "reComputer Industrial J4012",
      "name": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial J4012",
      "aliases": [
        "J4012"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial edge-AI computer",
      "architecture": "Jetson Orin NX 16 GB industrial carrier and enclosure with Ethernet, CAN, serial and digital I/O",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
      "summary": "An industrial Jetson system whose robotics value comes from exposed CAN, serial, Ethernet and digital I/O in addition to module AI throughput.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-module",
          "field": "module",
          "label": "Compute module",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16 GB",
          "condition": "J4012 configuration in the family table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI performance",
          "originalValue": "100",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "Vendor family-table value for J4012; not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "8-core Arm Cortex-A78AE v8.2 64-bit",
          "condition": "Jetson Orin NX 16 GB configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Network and host I/O",
          "originalValue": "2 × LAN; 3 × USB 3.2; 2 × USB 2.0",
          "condition": "One LAN port is identified with PSE in the hardware overview.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "Industrial I/O",
          "originalValue": "CAN; RS-232/422/485; 4 DI; 4 DO",
          "condition": "Exposed system interfaces.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "12–24",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "System input; actual consumption depends on module power mode and peripherals.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Seeed Studio reComputer Industrial User Manual",
            "url": "https://files.seeedstudio.com/products/NVIDIA/reComputer-Industrial-Reference-Guide.pdf",
            "location": "Specifications table and hardware overview",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 100 TOPS figure is a module-level vendor throughput number.",
        "PSE, peripheral loads and Jetson power mode affect whole-system power and thermal behavior."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb",
      "slug": "toradex-verdin-imx8m-plus-quad-4gb-wb-it",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-toradex",
      "officialModel": "Verdin iMX8M Plus Quad 4GB WB IT",
      "name": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus Quad 4GB WB IT",
      "aliases": [
        "Product 0058"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial system-on-module",
      "architecture": "NXP i.MX 8M Plus heterogeneous Arm SoM with Cortex-A53 application cores, Cortex-M7 real-time core, NPU and industrial interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "An industrial SoM whose real-time core, CAN-FD and maintained OS ecosystem may matter more to a robot controller than a large TOPS headline.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "Application / real-time CPUs",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A53 plus Cortex-M7",
          "condition": "Heterogeneous SoC; clocks and workloads must be checked in the datasheet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "NPU performance",
          "originalValue": "2.3",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "NXP i.MX 8M Plus NPU vendor figure; not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory and flash",
          "originalValue": "4 GB LPDDR4 at 4000 MT/s; 32 GB eMMC",
          "condition": "4 GB WB IT variant; eMMC vendor can change by hardware revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "CAN",
          "originalValue": "2 × CAN-FD",
          "condition": "Pin multiplexing and carrier-board routing still apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Approximate module dissipation",
          "originalValue": "1.5–6.3",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Datasheet approximation; workload, peripherals and carrier losses are additional.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Module temperature range",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Wi-Fi/Bluetooth portion validated from −30°C to +85°C; other components cover the full range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Module dimensions",
          "originalValue": "69.6 × 35 × 6",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Supported OS families",
          "originalValue": "Torizon OS; Toradex Yocto reference images; Android",
          "condition": "Exact support status depends on release and hardware revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin iMX8M Plus V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116795-verdin_imx8mp_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Features, interfaces, memory and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Carrier-board design determines accessible interfaces and compliance.",
        "The NPU TOPS figure is not comparable to a full robot workload or to sparse INT8 headlines without shared conditions."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01",
      "slug": "ultralife-ubbl13-01",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ultralife",
      "officialModel": "UBBL13-01",
      "name": "Ultralife UBI-2590 High Capacity Smart Battery",
      "aliases": [
        "UBBL13",
        "UBI-2590 HC SMBus"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Rugged smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "Two independently addressable battery sections that the host can connect in series or parallel, with SMBus and dual state-of-charge displays",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
      "summary": "A rugged dual-section smart pack used in robotics and unmanned systems, illustrating why series/parallel host wiring is part of the battery specification.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Voltage modes",
          "originalValue": "28.8 average series / 14.4 average parallel",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Series range 20.0–33.6 V; parallel range 10.0–16.8 V.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Capacity by connection mode",
          "originalValue": "10 series / 20 parallel",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "The same two sections are reconfigured; energy does not double in parallel mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Smart-battery communication",
          "originalValue": "SMBus v1.1 / SBD v1.1",
          "condition": "Host implementation and section addressing still need integration validation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "3.2",
          "originalUnit": "lb",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−32 to +60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Product-page range; charge limits can be narrower.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Design / transport evidence",
          "originalValue": "MIL-PRF-32383/3; UN 38.3; IEC/UL/CSA 62133-2; CB scheme",
          "condition": "The page says designed to meet; exact certificate and shipped suffix must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ultralife UBI-2590 10.0Ah High Capacity Smart Battery",
            "url": "https://ecommerce.ultralifecorporation.com/ECommerce/product/ubi-2590/bb-2590-rechargeable-batteries/ubbl13-01/ubi-2590-high-capacity",
            "location": "Product specifications, key features and certifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The host determines series versus parallel connection and therefore voltage/capacity presentation.",
        "Operating-temperature range is not the same as charge-temperature range.",
        "Military form-factor compatibility does not guarantee every robot host pinout or charger is compatible."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2",
      "slug": "kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "USBcan Pro 2xHS v2",
      "name": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "Dual isolated high-speed CAN/CAN FD channels with FPGA control, USB host transport and on-device t-script execution",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/kvaser_usbcan_pro_2xhs_v2_userguide_2_3_180916.pdf",
      "summary": "A dual-channel CAN FD interface with a small but material minimum-bitrate conflict between two current official documents.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "High-speed CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "condition": "Two galvanically isolated channels.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "20–1000 (product page) / 50–1000 (user guide)",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "Two official current-facing documents publish different minimum bitrates.",
          "note": "RCI preserves the conflict instead of choosing one value; confirm hardware/firmware revision with Kvaser.",
          "evidence": "C",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "additionalSources": [
            {
              "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 User’s Guide",
              "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/kvaser_usbcan_pro_2xhs_v2_userguide_2_3_180916.pdf",
              "location": "Technical data, table 6",
              "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
              "revision": "2.3"
            }
          ],
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk",
          "conflictGroup": "kvaser-usbcan-min-bitrate"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Requires a correct physical-layer implementation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB Hi-Speed",
          "condition": "USB bus powered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/kvaser_usbcan_pro_2xhs_v2_userguide_2_3_180916.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data, table 6",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2.3"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Device technical data.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "Yes, both channels",
          "condition": "Isolation present; voltage withstand is not stated in the selected product table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-message_rate",
          "field": "message_rate",
          "label": "Maximum message rate",
          "originalValue": "20,000 per channel",
          "originalUnit": "messages/s",
          "condition": "Receive and send headline values.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser USBcan Pro 2xHS v2 product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Official sources disagree on the minimum classical-CAN bitrate.",
        "CAN FD at 8 Mbit/s depends on the network physical layer, cable and termination.",
        "USB interface timing is not identical to deterministic fieldbus control timing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
      "slug": "ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hms",
      "officialModel": "Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional",
      "name": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 Professional",
      "aliases": [
        "1.01.0283.22002"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "USB-to-CAN interface",
      "architecture": "Dual isolated classical-CAN interfaces with USB 2.0 host transport and VCI/ECI driver ecosystem",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
      "summary": "A dual-channel classical-CAN adapter whose selected product specification does not claim CAN FD, making protocol-generation boundaries explicit.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "High-speed CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "condition": "Two RJ45 interfaces with supplied D-Sub 9 adapter cables.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "CAN high-speed ISO 11898-2:2016.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-bus_protocol",
          "field": "bus_protocol",
          "label": "CAN controller mode",
          "originalValue": "CAN 2.0 A/B",
          "condition": "The selected configuration does not list CAN FD support.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 2.0 Hi-Speed, 480 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Compatible with USB 1.1 and USB 3.x according to family documentation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamping",
          "originalValue": "High-precision on-board timestamping",
          "condition": "No numeric resolution is published in the selected product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Isolation",
          "originalValue": "1 kV DC for 1 s / 500 V AC for 1 min",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver interfaces",
          "originalValue": "Windows VCI; Linux ECI / SocketCAN family support",
          "condition": "Exact platform support must be checked against the current driver release.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN V2 professional product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0283-22002-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
            "location": "Technical specifications and ordering information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The selected V2 professional record is classical CAN; do not infer CAN FD from other Ixxat products.",
        "Timestamp precision is described qualitatively in the selected source.",
        "Supplied adapter cables affect the physical connector seen by the robot."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus",
      "slug": "hebi-t8-16-plus",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "T8-16+",
      "name": "HEBI T8-16+ Actuator",
      "aliases": [
        "T8–16+"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Series-elastic integrated rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, gear train, elastic element, encoders and controller in a networked continuous-rotation module",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A current T8+ series-elastic module with continuous and peak torque separated in the same family table.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "T8-16+ configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "44",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "20",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed; not simultaneous with peak torque.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "575",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "condition": "T8 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "±0.25",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "T-Series family specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "24–48",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "T5/T8 family input range.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI T-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/T-Series%2BDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, T8-16+ column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Updated 2024-07-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Peak-torque duration is not stated in the selected table.",
        "Series elasticity and controller tuning affect achieved joint stiffness and bandwidth.",
        "Maximum speed and peak torque are not a simultaneous operating point."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90",
      "slug": "hebi-h25-90",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hebi-robotics",
      "officialModel": "H25-90",
      "name": "HEBI H25-90 Actuator",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated harmonic-drive rotary actuator",
      "architecture": "Brushless motor, harmonic reduction, encoders and controller with optional power-off brake",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hebirobotics.com/actuators",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A higher-torque H-Series module with a harmonic reducer, published continuous torque and an optional fail-locked brake.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "90",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "H25-90 configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "180",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak duration is not stated in the table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Maximum speed",
          "originalValue": "50",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Maximum headline speed.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "originalValue": "2.9",
          "originalUnit": "kg",
          "condition": "H25 family mass.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "2 × 100 Mbps plastic optical fiber",
          "condition": "OptoLock fiber Ethernet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "None — harmonic-type reducer",
          "condition": "Manufacturer table wording; this is not an independent lost-motion test.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-hebi-h25-90-brake",
          "field": "brake",
          "label": "Safety brake option",
          "originalValue": "Optional; locked on power-off",
          "condition": "Optional configuration, not present in every unit.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HEBI H-Series Actuator Technical Specifications",
            "url": "https://docs.hebi.us/resources/datasheets/H-SeriesDatasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Technical specifications table, H25-90 column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "“No backlash” is a manufacturer description and does not establish zero lost motion or torsional compliance.",
        "The brake is optional.",
        "Peak-torque duration and cooling conditions are not stated in the selected table."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r",
      "slug": "robotis-ph54-200-s500-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "PH54-200-S500-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL PH54-200-S500-R",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked industrial smart actuator",
      "architecture": "Maxon BLDC motor, high-ratio reduction, encoder and embedded RS-485 controller",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
      "summary": "A 24 V DYNAMIXEL-P actuator whose continuous values are published but explicitly calculated from the core-motor specification.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous torque",
          "originalValue": "44.7",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Calculated from core-motor specifications; manufacturer advises checking the performance graph and consulting for long-duration use.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Continuous speed",
          "originalValue": "29.0",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "Calculated from core-motor specifications.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "855",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "501.923:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "<6 arcmin / 0.1°",
          "condition": "Manufacturer specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "Asynchronous serial digital packet.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Input voltage",
          "originalValue": "24.0",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS PH54-200-S500-R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/p/ph54-200-s500-r/",
            "location": "Specifications and continuous-rating footnote",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Continuous torque and speed are calculated from the core motor rather than reported as an actuator thermal endurance test.",
        "The manufacturer recommends separate consultation for long-duration use.",
        "The high ratio changes backdrivability and efficiency."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r",
      "slug": "robotis-xm540-w270-r",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-robotis",
      "officialModel": "XM540-W270-R",
      "name": "ROBOTIS DYNAMIXEL XM540-W270-R",
      "aliases": [
        "XM540-W270-T/R"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Networked smart servo actuator",
      "architecture": "Coreless motor, metal gearing, absolute encoder and Protocol 2.0 controller in a compact servo",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
      "summary": "A compact current-controllable servo whose page explicitly warns that the headline stall torque is not a continuous rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous output torque",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The e-Manual publishes stall torque and warns that it differs from continuous and real-world output.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Stall torque",
          "originalValue": "10.6",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "12.0 V and 4.4 A; momentary stall condition.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "No-load speed",
          "originalValue": "30",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "12.0 V; no load.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "165",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Gear ratio",
          "originalValue": "272.5:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Physical connection",
          "originalValue": "RS-485 multidrop",
          "condition": "R variant; T variant uses TTL.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r-backlash",
          "field": "backlash",
          "label": "Backlash",
          "originalValue": "15 arcmin / 0.25°",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "ROBOTIS XM540-W270-T/R e-Manual",
            "url": "https://emanual.robotis.com/docs/en/dxl/x/xm540-w270/",
            "location": "Specifications and stall-torque warning",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No continuous torque is published in the selected specification.",
        "Stall torque and no-load speed are opposite endpoints and cannot be multiplied as an operating point.",
        "Protocol compatibility does not establish deterministic system-level timing."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak70-10",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK70-10 KV100",
      "name": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100",
      "aliases": [
        "AK70-10"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 10:1 planetary reduction, encoder and integrated driver with CAN control",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
      "summary": "A 24/48 V low-ratio actuator whose rated speed is published separately for the two supply voltages.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "8.3",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-rated value; thermal duration is not stated in the comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "24.8",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 23.2 A; duration not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "148 / 310",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "At 24 / 48 V respectively.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "521",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "10:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN, 1 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "AK-series manual control protocol.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK Series Driver and Control Manual",
            "url": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
            "location": "CAN control protocol and model parameter ranges",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.0.14"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder configuration",
          "originalValue": "Single encoder",
          "condition": "Product comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The rated-torque thermal test and duration are not stated in the selected product table.",
        "Peak duration is not stated.",
        "Rated speed changes with supply voltage."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3",
      "slug": "cubemars-ak10-9-v3",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-cubemars",
      "officialModel": "AK10-9 V3.0 KV60",
      "name": "CubeMars AK10-9 V3.0",
      "aliases": [
        "AK10-9 V3.0 KV60"
      ],
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "subcategory": "Integrated planetary actuator",
      "architecture": "BLDC motor, 9:1 planetary reduction, dual encoders and integrated CAN driver",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
      "summary": "A larger AK-series module with dual encoders and distinct rated, peak and no-load rows in the same comparison source.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "integrated-joint-actuators"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-continuous_torque",
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Rated torque",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-rated value; thermal duration is not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-headline_torque",
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak torque",
          "originalValue": "53",
          "originalUnit": "N·m",
          "condition": "Peak current 31.9 A; duration not stated.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-speed",
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Rated speed",
          "originalValue": "235",
          "originalUnit": "rpm",
          "condition": "48 V product row.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "940",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-gear_ratio",
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "originalValue": "9:1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-communications",
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Control communication",
          "originalValue": "CAN, 1 Mbit/s",
          "condition": "AK-series manual control protocol.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK Series Driver and Control Manual",
            "url": "https://img.cubemars.com/products/cubemars-product-parameter/AK-Series-Driver-and-Control-Manual-v1.0.14.pdf",
            "location": "CAN control protocol and model parameter ranges",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.0.14"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3-encoder",
          "field": "encoder",
          "label": "Encoder configuration",
          "originalValue": "Dual encoder",
          "condition": "Product comparison table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "CubeMars AK70-10 KV100 product page",
            "url": "https://www.cubemars.com/product/ak70-10-kv100-robotic-actuator.html",
            "location": "Core specifications and product comparison table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The rated-torque thermal test is not stated.",
        "Peak duration is not stated.",
        "The product page row and protocol manual must both match the shipped firmware revision."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i",
      "slug": "realsense-d435i",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-realsense",
      "officialModel": "D435i",
      "name": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active IR stereo depth camera with global-shutter depth sensors, RGB camera and 6-DoF IMU",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
      "summary": "A short-baseline USB depth camera whose ideal range and accuracy are tied to a closer operating distance than D455.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.3–3",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer-described ideal range, not a hard maximum.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-min_depth",
          "field": "min_depth",
          "label": "Minimum depth at maximum resolution",
          "originalValue": "~0.28",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Min-Z at maximum resolution.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "Up to 1280 × 720; up to 90 fps",
          "condition": "Resolution and frame-rate maxima are listed separately and are mode-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "87 × 58",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<2%",
          "condition": "At 2 m; manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-imu",
          "field": "imu",
          "label": "Motion sensing",
          "originalValue": "6-DoF IMU",
          "condition": "D435i configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-realsense-d435i-dimensions",
          "field": "dimensions",
          "label": "Dimensions",
          "originalValue": "90 × 25 × 25",
          "originalUnit": "mm",
          "condition": "Length × depth × height.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RealSense Depth Camera D435i product page",
            "url": "https://www.realsenseai.com/products/depth-camera-d435i/",
            "location": "Depth, RGB, major components and physical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Ideal range is not maximum detectable distance.",
        "Accuracy is stated at 2 m and should not be extrapolated linearly.",
        "The listed maximum resolution and maximum frame rate are not necessarily one simultaneous mode."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2",
      "slug": "orbbec-gemini-2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-orbbec",
      "officialModel": "Gemini 2",
      "name": "Orbbec Gemini 2",
      "aliases": [
        "G20155-15"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo depth camera",
      "architecture": "Active stereo IR camera with MX6600 ASIC, RGB, IMU and multi-camera sync port",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://www.orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ORBBEC_Datasheet_Gemini-2-3.pdf",
      "summary": "An indoor/semi-outdoor stereo camera with a 50 mm baseline and a precision condition fixed at 2 m and 81% ROI.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.15–10",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Product specification; ideal range is narrower.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-ideal_range",
          "field": "ideal_range",
          "label": "Ideal range",
          "originalValue": "0.2–5",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Depth output",
          "originalValue": "1280 × 800 at 30 fps",
          "condition": "Maximum listed mode.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Depth field of view",
          "originalValue": "91 × 66",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Spatial precision",
          "originalValue": "≤2%",
          "condition": "1280 × 800 at 2 m over 81% ROI.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data and power interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 3.0 Type-C",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 product specifications",
            "url": "https://store.orbbec.com/products/gemini-2",
            "location": "Product specification table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Multi-camera synchronization",
          "originalValue": "8-pin sync; ≤3 ms depth/RGB difference",
          "condition": "Auto exposure off; follow SDK topology instructions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Orbbec Gemini 2 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://www.orbbec.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/ORBBEC_Datasheet_Gemini-2-3.pdf",
            "location": "Product specifications and multi-camera synchronization",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "v1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 10 m range is not the recommended 5 m ideal range.",
        "Precision is tied to distance, output mode and ROI.",
        "The synchronization figure requires auto exposure to be disabled."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i",
      "slug": "stereolabs-zed-2i",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-stereolabs",
      "officialModel": "ZED 2i 2.1mm",
      "name": "Stereolabs ZED 2i 2.1mm",
      "aliases": [
        "ZED2i21MM"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "Stereo camera",
      "architecture": "Wide-baseline rolling-shutter stereo camera with USB 3, IMU, barometer and magnetometer",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.stereolabs.com/store/products/zed-2i",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
      "summary": "The 2.1 mm ZED 2i variant, kept separate from the 4 mm option because range, FOV and accuracy claims differ materially.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-depth-cameras"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Depth range",
          "originalValue": "0.3–20",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "2.1 mm lens; ideal range 0.3–12 m.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-resolution_fps",
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Stereo output modes",
          "originalValue": "2 × 2208 × 1242 at 15 fps; 2 × 1920 × 1080 at 30 fps; 2 × 1280 × 720 at 60 fps",
          "condition": "Separate modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "110 × 70 × 120",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical × diagonal; 2.1 mm lens.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-accuracy",
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Depth accuracy",
          "originalValue": "<0.8% at 2 m; <4% at 12 m",
          "condition": "2.1 mm lens claims.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-interface",
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 3.0 Type-C",
          "condition": "External screw-lock cable.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Ingress protection",
          "originalValue": "IP66",
          "condition": "Enclosure rating.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Weight",
          "originalValue": "229",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Stereolabs ZED 2i Camera Overview and Datasheet",
            "url": "https://support.stereolabs.com/hc/en-us/article_attachments/27901419901463",
            "location": "Technical specifications and lens-option table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "Rev 1.2"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 4 mm option has different FOV, minimum range and accuracy and is not represented by this record.",
        "Depth is computed by host-side software and depends on compatible GPU, SDK and mode.",
        "The rolling shutters can affect fast-motion scenes."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-livox-avia",
      "slug": "livox-avia",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-livox",
      "officialModel": "Avia",
      "name": "Livox Avia",
      "aliases": [
        "AVIA"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Multi-line non-repetitive or repetitive scanning LiDAR with Ethernet, IMU and multi-return output",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
      "summary": "A long-range compact LiDAR whose range table explicitly crosses ambient illumination and target reflectivity.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Detection range at 100 klx",
          "originalValue": "190 m @ 10%; 230 m @ 20%; 320 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity under 100 klx ambient illumination.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-range_low_light",
          "field": "range_low_light",
          "label": "Detection range at 0 klx",
          "originalValue": "190 m @ 10%; 260 m @ 20%; 450 m @ 80%",
          "condition": "Target reflectivity under 0 klx.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "originalValue": "240,000 first/strongest; 480,000 dual; 720,000 triple",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Return mode changes rate.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "originalValue": "70.4 × 77.2 non-repetitive / 70.4 × 4.5 repetitive",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal × vertical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-precision",
          "field": "precision",
          "label": "Range precision",
          "originalValue": "2",
          "originalUnit": "cm",
          "condition": "1σ at 20 m; 25°C; 80% reflectivity target.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-sync",
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Data synchronization",
          "originalValue": "IEEE 1588-2008 PTPv2, PPS, GPS",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-livox-avia-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Typical power",
          "originalValue": "8 non-repetitive / 9 repetitive; 16 startup",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Startup power may increase at low temperature.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Livox Avia specifications",
            "url": "https://www.livoxtech.com/avia/specs",
            "location": "Basic specifications and numbered test-condition notes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Range varies substantially with reflectivity and light.",
        "Point rate depends on return mode.",
        "Range precision is stated for one target, distance and temperature."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ouster-os0",
      "slug": "ouster-os0",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-ouster",
      "officialModel": "OS0",
      "name": "Ouster OS0",
      "aliases": [
        "OS0 Rev8 family"
      ],
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "subcategory": "3D LiDAR",
      "architecture": "Ultra-wide spinning digital LiDAR family with current-generation configurable resolution",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os0-lidar-sensor",
      "summary": "A current ultra-wide OS0 family record that keeps the low-reflectivity range separate from the much larger maximum instrument range.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-3d-lidar"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-range",
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range at 10% reflectivity",
          "originalValue": "35",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Current product page.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS0 product specifications",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os0-lidar-sensor",
            "location": "Current OS0 technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-max_range",
          "field": "max_range",
          "label": "Maximum range",
          "originalValue": "250",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Current page does not state the same 10% target condition for this figure.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS0 product specifications",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os0-lidar-sensor",
            "location": "Current OS0 technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-min_range",
          "field": "min_range",
          "label": "Minimum range",
          "originalValue": "0.0",
          "originalUnit": "m",
          "condition": "Current headline specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS0 product specifications",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os0-lidar-sensor",
            "location": "Current OS0 technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-fov",
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Vertical field of view",
          "originalValue": "90",
          "originalUnit": "°",
          "condition": "Horizontal coverage is panoramic for the spinning sensor.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS0 product specifications",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os0-lidar-sensor",
            "location": "Current OS0 technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ouster-os0-point_rate",
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Maximum point rate",
          "originalValue": "10.4 million",
          "originalUnit": "points/s",
          "condition": "Current highest family configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Ouster OS0 product specifications",
            "url": "https://ouster.com/products/hardware/os0-lidar-sensor",
            "location": "Current OS0 technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "OS0 specifications vary by hardware revision, channel configuration and frame mode.",
        "The 35 m and 250 m range figures do not share the same published target condition.",
        "A headline zero minimum range does not establish usable accuracy at the sensor window."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb",
      "slug": "nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-nvidia",
      "officialModel": "Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
      "name": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded AI system-on-module",
      "architecture": "Ampere GPU, Arm Cortex-A78AE CPU and NVDLA accelerators in the 260-pin Jetson NX form factor",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
      "summary": "A compact Jetson module whose current Super headline must be separated into sparse and dense INT8 throughput and tied to software and power mode.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "Peak INT8 AI performance in Super mode",
          "originalValue": "157 sparse / 78 dense",
          "originalUnit": "TOPS",
          "condition": "JetPack 6.2 Super mode; theoretical peak, not an application benchmark.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/jetson-jetpack-6-2-brings-super-mode-to-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-and-jetson-orin-nx-modules/",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin NX 16GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "8-core Arm Cortex-A78AE up to 2 GHz",
          "condition": "Production module configuration described by NVIDIA.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "16 GB LPDDR5, 102 GB/s",
          "condition": "Module configuration.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Original configurable power range",
          "originalValue": "10–25",
          "originalUnit": "W",
          "condition": "Original production modes; JetPack 6.2 adds higher Super modes.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-software",
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Super-mode software gate",
          "originalValue": "JetPack 6.2",
          "condition": "Required for the cited Super-mode table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA JetPack 6.2 Super Mode for Jetson Orin modules",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/jetson-jetpack-6-2-brings-super-mode-to-nvidia-jetson-orin-nano-and-jetson-orin-nx-modules/",
            "location": "Table 2, Jetson Orin NX 16GB Super column",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-form_factor",
          "field": "form_factor",
          "label": "Module connector",
          "originalValue": "260-pin SODIMM",
          "condition": "Jetson NX series form factor.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Boost Edge AI Performance with the NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 16GB",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/blog/boost-edge-ai-performance-with-the-new-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb/",
            "location": "Module availability, original AI performance and power modes",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb-support_end_date",
          "field": "support_end_date",
          "label": "Published software support end date",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The current lineup page does not state one exact end-of-support date for this module and software stack.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "NVIDIA Jetson modules lineup",
            "url": "https://developer.nvidia.com/embedded/jetson-modules",
            "location": "Jetson Orin NX Series",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The 157 TOPS number is sparse INT8 theoretical throughput; dense INT8 is lower.",
        "Super mode changes thermal and power requirements.",
        "Carrier I/O and total system power are not module-only specifications.",
        "An exact public support end date is not present in the selected lineup source."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4",
      "slug": "raspberry-pi-compute-module-4",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-raspberry-pi",
      "officialModel": "Compute Module 4",
      "name": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4",
      "aliases": [
        "CM4"
      ],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Embedded compute module",
      "architecture": "BCM2711 quad-core Arm module with optional eMMC and certified wireless variants",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
      "summary": "A widely deployed embedded module with a public production commitment and explicit standard versus extended temperature variants.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A72 at 1.5 GHz",
          "condition": "Broadcom BCM2711.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory options",
          "originalValue": "1 / 2 / 4 / 8 GB LPDDR4-3200",
          "condition": "Ordered variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-storage",
          "field": "storage",
          "label": "eMMC options",
          "originalValue": "Lite / 8 / 16 / 32 GB",
          "condition": "Lite has no eMMC.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Optional certified wireless",
          "originalValue": "2.4/5 GHz 802.11 b/g/n/ac; Bluetooth 5.0/BLE",
          "condition": "Wireless variants only.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +85 standard / −40 to +85 extended",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Variant-dependent.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Production commitment",
          "originalValue": "Until at least January 2034",
          "condition": "Manufacturer availability statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4-ai_performance",
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "Dedicated NPU throughput",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The module specification does not list a dedicated NPU or a TOPS claim.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "Raspberry Pi Compute Module 4 product page",
            "url": "https://www.raspberrypi.com/products/compute-module-4/",
            "location": "Specification, compliance and obsolescence sections",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The module has no dedicated NPU TOPS claim.",
        "Wireless, RAM, eMMC and temperature range depend on the ordered SKU.",
        "Carrier-board and OS choices determine exposed I/O and real-time behavior."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb",
      "slug": "toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-wb-it",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-toradex",
      "officialModel": "Verdin AM62 Quad 2GB WB IT",
      "name": "Toradex Verdin AM62 Quad 2GB WB IT",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Industrial system-on-module",
      "architecture": "TI AM625 heterogeneous SoM with four Cortex-A53 cores, Cortex-M4F, PRU real-time subsystem and industrial interfaces",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
      "summary": "A low-power industrial SoM that exposes real-time and CAN-FD integration features rather than a neural-accelerator headline.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "Application and real-time processors",
          "originalValue": "4 × Cortex-A53 at 1.4 GHz; Cortex-M4F at 400 MHz; dual-core PRUSS",
          "condition": "Quad 2GB variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "originalValue": "2 GB LPDDR4 with inline ECC",
          "condition": "Quad 2GB variant; inline ECC is an SoC feature.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "CAN FD interfaces",
          "originalValue": "1 family-compatible + 2 module-specific",
          "condition": "Carrier pin multiplexing and compatibility groups apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet capability",
          "originalValue": "On-module Gigabit PHY with IEEE 1588; second RGMII MAC",
          "condition": "Second PHY is carrier-side.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-camera_io",
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera interface",
          "originalValue": "1 × 4-lane MIPI CSI-2",
          "condition": "Module interface; carrier routing required.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−40 to +85",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Quad 2GB WB IT variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb-input_voltage",
          "field": "input_voltage",
          "label": "Recommended main input",
          "originalValue": "3.135–5.5",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "3.3 or 5 V typical.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Toradex Verdin AM62 V1.1 Datasheet",
            "url": "https://docs.toradex.com/116793-verdin_am62_datasheet.pdf",
            "location": "Main features, interface overview and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "V1.1"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Module-specific interfaces are not guaranteed across every Verdin module.",
        "Carrier design determines exposed connectors and second-Ethernet implementation.",
        "This variant does not provide a directly comparable NPU TOPS headline."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai",
      "slug": "aaeon-boxer-8651ai",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-aaeon",
      "officialModel": "BOXER-8651AI",
      "name": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "compute-control",
      "subcategory": "Fanless edge AI computer",
      "architecture": "Compact fanless industrial system built around NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX with exposed CAN FD, serial and DIO",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.aaeon.com/en/product/detail/ai-edge-solutions-boxer-8651ai",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
      "summary": "A compact Orin NX system whose system-level ports and input range are distinct from the underlying Jetson module capabilities.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-main-compute"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-module",
          "field": "module",
          "label": "Compute module",
          "originalValue": "NVIDIA Jetson Orin NX 8 GB / 16 GB",
          "condition": "Ordered system variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-cpu",
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "originalValue": "6-core Arm Cortex-A78AE",
          "condition": "Datasheet configuration wording; verify ordered Jetson module revision.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-memory",
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "System memory options",
          "originalValue": "8 / 16 GB LPDDR5",
          "condition": "On selected Jetson module.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-industrial_io",
          "field": "industrial_io",
          "label": "Industrial I/O",
          "originalValue": "CAN FD; RS-232/422/485; 8-bit DIO",
          "condition": "System connectors.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-connectivity",
          "field": "connectivity",
          "label": "Ethernet and USB",
          "originalValue": "1 × GbE; 2 × USB 3.2 Gen 2; 2 × USB 2.0",
          "condition": "System-exposed ports.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-power",
          "field": "power",
          "label": "DC input",
          "originalValue": "12–24",
          "originalUnit": "VDC",
          "condition": "System input; workload consumption not stated in the selected table.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "−15 to +55",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "IEC 60068-2 with 0.5 m/s airflow.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "AAEON BOXER-8651AI Datasheet",
            "url": "https://data-us.aaeon.com/DOWNLOAD/2014%20datasheet/Systems/BOXER-8651AI.pdf",
            "location": "Features and system, mechanical and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "2024-10-24"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The datasheet CPU wording must be matched to the exact Orin NX module SKU.",
        "The temperature range includes a specified airflow condition.",
        "Module TOPS and system-level sustained application throughput are not equivalent."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2",
      "slug": "rrc2040-2",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-rrc",
      "officialModel": "RRC2040-2",
      "name": "RRC2040-2 Smart Battery Pack",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "3S2P removable smart pack with SMBus, state-of-charge display and redundant protection",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
      "summary": "A current-generation 10.8 V smart pack whose public page also records an 800-cycle retention condition and separate charge/discharge temperatures.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "10.80",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "condition": "Current product generation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Nominal capacity",
          "originalValue": "≥6.80",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Current product generation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "≥73.44",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Maximum discharge current",
          "originalValue": "10.00",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Protection and temperature limits apply.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication bus",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-cycle_life",
          "field": "cycle_life",
          "label": "Capacity retention",
          "originalValue": "Up to 80% after 800 cycles",
          "condition": "Manufacturer headline; exact cycle method requires the current datasheet/manual.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-rrc2040-2-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Charge / discharge temperature",
          "originalValue": "0 to 45 / −20 to 60",
          "originalUnit": "°C",
          "condition": "Charge and discharge ranges differ.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "RRC2040-2 current product page",
            "url": "https://www.rrc-ps.com/en/battery-packs/standard-battery-packs/products/RRC2040-2",
            "location": "Current general, electrical, dimensional and safety parameters",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "Current RRC2040-2 values differ from archived previous-generation documents, so the exact hardware revision must be recorded.",
        "The cycle headline requires its detailed charge/discharge method.",
        "Host connector, authentication and charger compatibility remain system-level checks."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34",
      "slug": "inspired-energy-nh2054hd34",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-inspired-energy",
      "officialModel": "NH2054HD34",
      "name": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34",
      "aliases": [],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "Smart lithium-ion battery pack",
      "architecture": "4S2P eight-cell smart pack with SMBus, removable connector and always-on fuel-gauge display",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://inspired-energy.com/images/product_data_sheets/NH2054HD34_spec_v1.8.pdf",
      "summary": "A 98 Wh hot-swap-oriented smart pack with a capacity test method and a documented replacement relationship to earlier 2054 variants.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "14.4",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Product-page capacity",
          "originalValue": "6.8",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "condition": "Datasheet specifies ≥6.136 Ah initial and >6.340 Ah typical under its stated method.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-capacity_test",
          "field": "capacity_test",
          "label": "Rated-capacity method",
          "originalValue": "≥6.136 Ah initial; >6.340 Ah typical",
          "condition": "16.8 V CV charge, 3.0 A limit to 136 mA taper; 1.34 A discharge to 11.0 V at 25°C within one hour of charge.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 Battery Specification",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/images/product_data_sheets/NH2054HD34_spec_v1.8.pdf",
            "location": "Rated-capacity method and operating limits",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.8 / 2024-03-25"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Energy",
          "originalValue": "98",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Published discharge capability",
          "originalValue": "8.0",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Product headline; detailed protection behavior remains in the specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-communication",
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Communication",
          "originalValue": "SMBus",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34-lifecycle",
          "field": "lifecycle",
          "label": "Replacement relationship",
          "originalValue": "Replaces NH2054HD29 and NH2054HD31",
          "condition": "Manufacturer product-page statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Inspired Energy NH2054HD34 product data",
            "url": "https://inspired-energy.com/product-data-sheets-downloads/details/3/80-nh2054hd34",
            "location": "Electrical, mechanical, interface and replacement information",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The marketing 6.8 Ah figure and datasheet minimum/typical values use different levels of precision; the test method governs.",
        "Low-temperature performance should be validated in the host device.",
        "Replacement does not automatically guarantee firmware, authentication or charger compatibility."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b",
      "slug": "molicel-inr-21700-p50b",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-molicel",
      "officialModel": "INR-21700-P50B",
      "name": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B",
      "aliases": [
        "P50B"
      ],
      "category": "power-energy",
      "subcategory": "21700 lithium-ion cell",
      "architecture": "Low-impedance high-power cylindrical cell requiring an external pack, BMS, fusing and thermal system",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
      "summary": "A 5 Ah high-power cell whose 60 A headline remains a cell-level claim, not a protected robot-pack output rating.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-battery-packs"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-nominal_voltage",
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "originalValue": "3.6",
          "originalUnit": "V",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-capacity",
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Typical capacity",
          "originalValue": "5.0",
          "originalUnit": "Ah",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-energy",
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Typical nominal energy",
          "originalValue": "18",
          "originalUnit": "Wh",
          "condition": "3.6 V × 5.0 Ah; also stated on the manufacturer campaign page.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-max_discharge",
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Discharge current",
          "originalValue": "60",
          "originalUnit": "A",
          "condition": "Cell-level manufacturer headline; consult the datasheet for temperature and cutoff conditions.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-mass",
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Maximum weight",
          "originalValue": "71",
          "originalUnit": "g",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-energy_density",
          "field": "energy_density",
          "label": "Gravimetric energy density",
          "originalValue": "260",
          "originalUnit": "Wh/kg",
          "condition": "Product-page value; a separate campaign page shows a nearby 265 Wh/kg rounded value.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-molicel-p50b-certification",
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Listed reports",
          "originalValue": "UL / UN / IEC / SDS",
          "condition": "Exact report revision and pack applicability must be checked.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Molicel INR-21700-P50B product page",
            "url": "https://www.molicel.com/product/inr-21700-p50b/",
            "location": "Cell electrical, dimensional and certification summary",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "This is a cell, not a battery pack.",
        "The 60 A headline requires the datasheet temperature and cutoff conditions.",
        "Cell reports do not replace pack-level safety, transport and integration evidence."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p",
      "slug": "kvaser-u100p",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-kvaser",
      "officialModel": "U100P",
      "name": "Kvaser U100P",
      "aliases": [
        "EAN 73-30130-01174-8"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "Rugged USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "Single isolated CAN/CAN FD channel with USB 2.0 host transport, MagiSync and precision timestamping",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-u100p/",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
      "summary": "The active precision U100 variant, with reinforced isolation and a 1 μs timestamp that is materially different from the base U100 model.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "Requires correct physical-layer implementation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB 2.0",
          "condition": "USB bus powered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "originalUnit": "µs",
          "condition": "Precision U100P variant.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Reinforced galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "5000 VAC rms for 60 s",
          "condition": "Design/test statement in current documentation.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P product page",
            "url": "https://kvaser.com/product/kvaser-u100p/",
            "location": "Major features and technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-message_rate",
          "field": "message_rate",
          "label": "Maximum message rate",
          "originalValue": "20,000",
          "originalUnit": "messages/s",
          "condition": "Per channel.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-kvaser-u100p-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Housing / operating temperature",
          "originalValue": "IP67; −40 to +85°C",
          "condition": "Mated CAN and USB connectors are separately listed as IP40 in the guide.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "Kvaser U100P User’s Guide",
            "url": "https://pim.kvaser.com/var/assets/Product_Resources/7330130982246/1.6.260218/kvaser_u100P_usersguide_1_6_260218.pdf",
            "location": "Technical data table",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet",
            "revision": "1.6 / 2026-02-18"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "The IP67 housing rating does not extend to the mated connectors, which are listed as IP40.",
        "USB host scheduling is not deterministic fieldbus timing.",
        "The base U100 has a different timestamp specification and must not be conflated with U100P."
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
      "slug": "ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
      "manufacturerId": "mfr-hms",
      "officialModel": "Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact",
      "name": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD Compact",
      "aliases": [
        "1.01.0351.12001"
      ],
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "subcategory": "USB-to-CAN FD interface",
      "architecture": "Single isolated CAN/CAN FD interface with USB host transport and VCI/ECI driver ecosystem",
      "lifecycleStatus": "active",
      "officialProductUrl": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
      "datasheetUrl": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
      "summary": "A compact single-channel CAN FD adapter with both ISO and non-ISO modes, but no numeric timestamp resolution in the selected public specification.",
      "comparisonGroups": [
        "robot-can-interfaces"
      ],
      "lastVerified": "2026-08-10",
      "claims": [
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-channels",
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "originalValue": "1",
          "condition": "D-Sub 9 CAN/CAN FD interface.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-bus_bitrate",
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "originalValue": "10–1000",
          "originalUnit": "kbit/s",
          "condition": "High-speed CAN ISO 11898-2:2016.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-can_fd",
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD data-phase bitrate",
          "originalValue": "Up to 8",
          "originalUnit": "Mbit/s",
          "condition": "ISO and non-ISO CAN FD; verified-by-testing statement.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-host_interface",
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "originalValue": "USB Type-A",
          "condition": "5 V USB powered.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
            "location": "General, interface and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-timestamp",
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Numeric timestamp resolution",
          "originalValue": "Not published in cited specification",
          "condition": "RCI checked the cited official specification on the verification date.",
          "note": "The selected public product specification does not publish a numeric timestamp resolution.",
          "evidence": "U",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact product page",
            "url": "https://www.hms-networks.com/p/1-01-0351-12001-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact",
            "location": "Technical specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-primary"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-isolation",
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "originalValue": "800 V DC / 500 V AC for 1 min",
          "condition": "Datasheet general specification.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
            "location": "General, interface and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        },
        {
          "id": "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact-environmental",
          "field": "environmental",
          "label": "Operating temperature / protection",
          "originalValue": "−20 to +70°C / IP40",
          "condition": "Public product and datasheet specifications.",
          "evidence": "M",
          "source": {
            "title": "HMS Ixxat USB-to-CAN FD compact datasheet",
            "url": "https://media.hms-networks.com/image/upload/v1747923175/Documents/Generated_Datasheets/Production/en/hms-1.01.0351.12001-en-Ixxat-USB-to-CAN-FD-compact.pdf",
            "location": "General, interface and environmental specifications",
            "provenance": "manufacturer-datasheet"
          },
          "verifiedDate": "2026-08-10",
          "reviewer": "RCI editorial desk"
        }
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "No numeric timestamp resolution is published in the selected public specification.",
        "IP40 is not a sealed field rating.",
        "USB transport and driver choice affect host-side timing."
      ]
    }
  ],
  "comparisons": [
    {
      "slug": "integrated-joint-actuators",
      "title": "Integrated joint actuator evidence table",
      "category": "motion-actuation",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 01",
      "summary": "A condition-preserving comparison of ten networked actuator configurations.",
      "scope": "Public manufacturer specifications for HEBI, ROBOTIS, CubeMars and MYACTUATOR modules spanning series-elastic, harmonic, planetary and high-ratio servo architectures.",
      "caution": "Peak, stall and rated torque are different claims. Missing continuous torque is shown as unknown instead of inferred.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-hebi-r8-9-plus",
        "cmp-robotis-xh540-w270-r",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak80-9-v3",
        "cmp-myactuator-x8-32-v4",
        "cmp-hebi-t8-16-plus",
        "cmp-hebi-h25-90",
        "cmp-robotis-ph54-200-s500-r",
        "cmp-robotis-xm540-w270-r",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak70-10",
        "cmp-cubemars-ak10-9-v3"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "continuous_torque",
          "label": "Continuous / rated torque",
          "guidance": "The manufacturer’s exact label and missing thermal conditions remain visible."
        },
        {
          "field": "headline_torque",
          "label": "Peak or stall torque",
          "guidance": "Not a continuous operating point; read the condition."
        },
        {
          "field": "speed",
          "label": "Speed claim",
          "guidance": "Maximum, no-load and rated speed are not equivalent."
        },
        {
          "field": "mass",
          "label": "Mass",
          "guidance": "Accessory, cable and mounting mass may be excluded."
        },
        {
          "field": "gear_ratio",
          "label": "Reduction ratio",
          "guidance": "Unknown when absent from the cited summary source."
        },
        {
          "field": "communications",
          "label": "Communication",
          "guidance": "Protocol and physical medium both affect integration."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-depth-cameras",
      "title": "Robot stereo and depth camera evidence table",
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 02",
      "summary": "Range, resolution, transport and timing claims without collapsing unlike camera architectures.",
      "scope": "USB active-stereo cameras, USB passive-stereo cameras, a rugged GMSL2 stereo camera and an industrial GigE time-of-flight camera.",
      "caution": "Maximum range, ideal range, optimal range and accuracy-tested range are not interchangeable.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-realsense-d455",
        "cmp-orbbec-gemini-335",
        "cmp-stereolabs-zed-x",
        "cmp-basler-blaze-101",
        "cmp-realsense-d435i",
        "cmp-orbbec-gemini-2",
        "cmp-stereolabs-zed-2i"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Published range",
          "guidance": "Range wording and conditions are preserved."
        },
        {
          "field": "resolution_fps",
          "label": "Resolution / frame rate",
          "guidance": "Mode combinations matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view / lens",
          "guidance": "Lens option and axis definitions matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "interface",
          "label": "Data interface",
          "guidance": "GMSL2 and USB require different host hardware."
        },
        {
          "field": "accuracy",
          "label": "Accuracy / precision",
          "guidance": "Only comparable with the same distance, target and metric."
        },
        {
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Timing / sync",
          "guidance": "Feature support is not proof of achieved multi-sensor timing."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-3d-lidar",
      "title": "Robot 3D LiDAR evidence table",
      "category": "perception-sensing",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 03",
      "summary": "Panoramic LiDAR specifications with reflectivity, return mode and configuration attached.",
      "scope": "Compact and long-range Livox, configurable Ouster and 32-channel Hesai sensors used in robotic perception stacks.",
      "caution": "A single “range” number is misleading unless reflectivity, ambient light, channel and detection criterion match.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-livox-mid-360",
        "cmp-ouster-os1",
        "cmp-hesai-xt32",
        "cmp-livox-avia",
        "cmp-ouster-os0"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "range",
          "label": "Range claim",
          "guidance": "Reflectivity and instrument-range distinctions remain visible."
        },
        {
          "field": "point_rate",
          "label": "Point rate",
          "guidance": "Return mode and family configuration matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "fov",
          "label": "Field of view",
          "guidance": "Horizontal and vertical axes are not collapsed."
        },
        {
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "Channels",
          "guidance": "Not every scanning architecture uses channels the same way."
        },
        {
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power",
          "guidance": "Unknown is shown when the selected citation does not support the field."
        },
        {
          "field": "sync",
          "label": "Synchronization",
          "guidance": "Protocol support is only one layer of timing performance."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-main-compute",
      "title": "Robot main-compute platform evidence table",
      "category": "compute-control",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 04",
      "summary": "Compute modules and complete industrial systems compared beyond an unsupported single TOPS ranking.",
      "scope": "Production SoMs, a robotics development platform and rugged Jetson systems; module capability and system-exposed I/O remain distinct.",
      "caution": "TOPS values are precision-, sparsity- and workload-specific. Absence of a TOPS number is not zero AI capability.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-nvidia-jetson-agx-orin-64gb",
        "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm5",
        "cmp-qualcomm-robotics-rb5",
        "cmp-advantech-mic-733-ao",
        "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8641ai",
        "cmp-seeed-recomputer-industrial-j4012",
        "cmp-toradex-verdin-imx8mp-4gb",
        "cmp-nvidia-jetson-orin-nx-16gb",
        "cmp-raspberry-pi-cm4",
        "cmp-toradex-verdin-am62-quad-2gb",
        "cmp-aaeon-boxer-8651ai"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "cpu",
          "label": "CPU",
          "guidance": "Core architecture and clocks do not replace workload benchmarks."
        },
        {
          "field": "ai_performance",
          "label": "AI acceleration claim",
          "guidance": "Preserves TOPS conditions or the vendor’s architectural description."
        },
        {
          "field": "memory",
          "label": "Memory",
          "guidance": "Capacity, bandwidth and ordered variant all matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "camera_io",
          "label": "Camera I/O",
          "guidance": "Module capability differs from carrier-exposed ports."
        },
        {
          "field": "power",
          "label": "Power envelope",
          "guidance": "Module modes exclude some carrier and peripheral loads."
        },
        {
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Software baseline",
          "guidance": "Support windows and exact release compatibility require ongoing tracking."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-battery-packs",
      "title": "Robot battery and cell evidence table",
      "category": "power-energy",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 05",
      "summary": "Pack-level and cell-level records shown together specifically to expose their integration boundary and revision drift.",
      "scope": "Five removable smart packs and two high-power cylindrical cells used as pack-design inputs.",
      "caution": "A cell is not a battery pack. Nominal watt-hours do not establish usable robot runtime, peak power or pack safety.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-rrc2054-2",
        "cmp-inspired-nd2054hd29",
        "cmp-molicel-p45b",
        "cmp-ultralife-ubbl13-01",
        "cmp-rrc2040-2",
        "cmp-inspired-nh2054hd34",
        "cmp-molicel-p50b"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "nominal_voltage",
          "label": "Nominal voltage",
          "guidance": "Operating and cut-off ranges still need verification."
        },
        {
          "field": "capacity",
          "label": "Capacity",
          "guidance": "Test rate, temperature and end voltage affect the claim."
        },
        {
          "field": "energy",
          "label": "Energy",
          "guidance": "Derived values are labeled and are not usable-energy measurements."
        },
        {
          "field": "max_discharge",
          "label": "Discharge current",
          "guidance": "Thermal cut-offs and pack protection matter."
        },
        {
          "field": "communication",
          "label": "Pack communication",
          "guidance": "Cells have no pack-level communication."
        },
        {
          "field": "certification",
          "label": "Safety / transport evidence",
          "guidance": "Document availability must match the exact shipped configuration."
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "slug": "robot-can-interfaces",
      "title": "Robot USB-to-CAN interface evidence table",
      "category": "interfaces-integration",
      "eyebrow": "Comparison 06",
      "summary": "Host-to-CAN adapters compared at the protocol, timestamp, isolation, environmental and driver layers.",
      "scope": "Dual- and single-channel classical CAN and CAN FD interfaces used for robot commissioning, control and diagnostics.",
      "caution": "CAN, CAN FD, CANopen and device-specific application protocols are different layers. A USB adapter does not make host timing deterministic.",
      "componentIds": [
        "cmp-kvaser-usbcan-pro-2xhs-v2",
        "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-v2-professional",
        "cmp-kvaser-u100p",
        "cmp-ixxat-usb-to-can-fd-compact"
      ],
      "fields": [
        {
          "field": "channels",
          "label": "CAN channels",
          "guidance": "Channel count does not establish isolation or synchronized timing."
        },
        {
          "field": "bus_bitrate",
          "label": "Classical CAN bitrate",
          "guidance": "Official-document conflicts remain visible."
        },
        {
          "field": "can_fd",
          "label": "CAN FD support",
          "guidance": "Unknown means the selected record does not support a positive claim."
        },
        {
          "field": "host_interface",
          "label": "Host interface",
          "guidance": "USB transport adds host scheduling and driver dependencies."
        },
        {
          "field": "timestamp",
          "label": "Timestamp capability",
          "guidance": "Numeric resolution and qualitative claims are not equivalent."
        },
        {
          "field": "isolation",
          "label": "Galvanic isolation",
          "guidance": "Presence and withstand rating are distinct facts."
        },
        {
          "field": "software",
          "label": "Driver / API baseline",
          "guidance": "Current OS and driver releases require continuing verification."
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}