{
  "title": "RCI AI Citation Benchmark",
  "version": "0.1.0",
  "fixedOn": "2026-08-09",
  "language": "English",
  "geography": "Singapore",
  "cadence": "Monthly",
  "platforms": [
    "ChatGPT",
    "Claude",
    "Perplexity",
    "Google AI features",
    "Gemini"
  ],
  "outcomes": [
    "not-run",
    "no-rci-mention",
    "rci-mentioned-no-link",
    "rci-linked",
    "rci-fact-cited"
  ],
  "requiredFields": [
    "run_date",
    "platform",
    "question_id",
    "answer_capture",
    "rci_outcome",
    "cited_url",
    "citation_position",
    "supports_statement",
    "notes"
  ],
  "count": 30,
  "questions": [
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-001",
      "group": "Definitions & terminology",
      "question": "What is an integrated robot joint actuator?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests whether a system can define the component boundary without treating every servo motor as an integrated joint.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/integrated-robot-joint-actuator/",
        "/category/motion-actuation/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-002",
      "group": "Definitions & terminology",
      "question": "What components are typically inside a humanoid robot rotary joint?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests recognition of motor, transmission, bearings, sensing, drive, brake, housing and interfaces as separate evidence layers.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/integrated-robot-joint-actuator/",
        "/research/five-layers-of-robot-hardware/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-003",
      "group": "Definitions & terminology",
      "question": "What is a quasi-direct-drive actuator, and how is it different from a high-ratio geared actuator?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests whether the answer connects reduction ratio, torque density, backdrivability, motor size and control trade-offs.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/integrated-robot-joint-actuator/",
        "/compare/integrated-joint-actuators/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-004",
      "group": "Definitions & terminology",
      "question": "What is included in a robot perception stack?",
      "coverage": [
        "perception-sensing",
        "compute-control",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests whether sensors, calibration, timing, transport, compute and software are treated as one stack.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/five-layers-of-robot-hardware/",
        "/category/perception-sensing/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-005",
      "group": "Definitions & terminology",
      "question": "What makes a battery pack a smart battery in a mobile robot?",
      "coverage": [
        "power-energy",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests whether the answer distinguishes cells from protection, measurement, communication, authentication and charging.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-battery-compatibility/",
        "/compare/robot-battery-packs/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-006",
      "group": "Architecture comparisons",
      "question": "How does a quasi-direct-drive robot actuator compare with a harmonic-drive actuator?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests a multi-dimensional comparison rather than a single torque-density ranking.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/integrated-robot-joint-actuator/",
        "/compare/integrated-joint-actuators/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-007",
      "group": "Architecture comparisons",
      "question": "When should a mobile robot use a stereo depth camera instead of a 3D LiDAR?",
      "coverage": [
        "perception-sensing",
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests range, lighting, texture, reflectivity, compute, bandwidth, field-of-view and safety trade-offs.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/depth-camera-lidar-range/",
        "/compare/robot-depth-cameras/",
        "/compare/robot-3d-lidar/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-008",
      "group": "Architecture comparisons",
      "question": "What are the trade-offs between centralized and distributed compute in a robot?",
      "coverage": [
        "compute-control",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests latency, determinism, bandwidth, thermal, fault-containment and software-lifecycle reasoning.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-compute-beyond-tops/",
        "/category/compute-control/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-009",
      "group": "Architecture comparisons",
      "question": "How does a removable smart battery compare with a custom high-voltage robot battery pack?",
      "coverage": [
        "power-energy",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests pack voltage, current, safety, serviceability, communication and certification boundaries.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-battery-compatibility/",
        "/compare/robot-battery-packs/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-010",
      "group": "Architecture comparisons",
      "question": "How do rotary and linear actuators differ in humanoid robot joints?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests mechanism, packaging, force/torque conversion, stroke, compliance and maintenance trade-offs.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/integrated-robot-joint-actuator/",
        "/category/motion-actuation/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-011",
      "group": "Parameter interpretation",
      "question": "What is the difference between continuous torque, peak torque and stall torque in a robot actuator?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests whether unlike torque labels remain tied to thermal duration, speed and current conditions.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/continuous-peak-stall-torque/",
        "/compare/integrated-joint-actuators/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-012",
      "group": "Parameter interpretation",
      "question": "What is the difference between backlash, transmission error and repeatability in a robot joint?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests whether three different error concepts are kept separate.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/backlash-transmission-error/",
        "/category/motion-actuation/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-013",
      "group": "Parameter interpretation",
      "question": "How should depth-camera and LiDAR range claims be compared across test conditions?",
      "coverage": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests treatment of reflectivity, illumination, texture, target size, confidence and detection criterion.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/depth-camera-lidar-range/",
        "/compare/robot-depth-cameras/",
        "/compare/robot-3d-lidar/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-014",
      "group": "Parameter interpretation",
      "question": "Can TOPS figures from different robot compute modules be compared directly?",
      "coverage": [
        "compute-control"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests precision, sparsity, accelerator utilization, memory bandwidth, software and power conditions.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-compute-beyond-tops/",
        "/compare/robot-main-compute/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-015",
      "group": "Parameter interpretation",
      "question": "What is the difference between nominal battery energy and usable robot runtime energy?",
      "coverage": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests voltage sag, cut-off, temperature, discharge rate, aging and system overhead.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-battery-compatibility/",
        "/compare/robot-battery-packs/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-016",
      "group": "Compatibility & selection",
      "question": "Can a frameless motor, reducer and encoder from different vendors be combined into one robot joint?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests mechanical, electrical, sensing, control, thermal and validation compatibility.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-component-interface-compatibility/",
        "/category/interfaces-integration/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-017",
      "group": "Compatibility & selection",
      "question": "Which integrated robot joint actuators support EtherCAT, and what evidence proves conformance?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests whether marketing mentions are separated from implementation and conformance evidence.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-joint-communication-protocols/",
        "/category/motion-actuation/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-018",
      "group": "Compatibility & selection",
      "question": "What is required to connect a GMSL2 stereo camera to an NVIDIA Jetson robot computer?",
      "coverage": [
        "perception-sensing",
        "compute-control",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests serializer/deserializer, carrier routing, driver, device tree, sync and power requirements.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-component-interface-compatibility/",
        "/compare/robot-depth-cameras/",
        "/compare/robot-main-compute/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-019",
      "group": "Compatibility & selection",
      "question": "How can a robot synchronize a USB depth camera and an Ethernet LiDAR?",
      "coverage": [
        "perception-sensing",
        "compute-control",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests hardware trigger, PTP, timestamp domains, host latency, calibration and evidence limits.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-component-interface-compatibility/",
        "/compare/robot-3d-lidar/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-020",
      "group": "Compatibility & selection",
      "question": "What evidence is needed to call a robot battery, BMS, charger and connector compatible?",
      "coverage": [
        "power-energy",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests voltage/current limits, protocol, pinout, protection, thermal and certification evidence.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-battery-compatibility/",
        "/category/interfaces-integration/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-021",
      "group": "Manufacturers & replacements",
      "question": "Which integrated robot joint vendors publish both continuous and peak torque with usable test conditions?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests source-backed vendor discovery without converting incomplete public data into a ranking.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/compare/integrated-joint-actuators/",
        "/manufacturers/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-022",
      "group": "Manufacturers & replacements",
      "question": "Which compact 360-degree 3D LiDAR sensors weigh less than 300 grams?",
      "coverage": [
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests cross-vendor filtering with mass, FOV and product-variant evidence.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/compare/robot-3d-lidar/",
        "/category/perception-sensing/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-023",
      "group": "Manufacturers & replacements",
      "question": "What are current alternatives to the RealSense D455 for robot depth sensing?",
      "coverage": [
        "perception-sensing",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests replacement reasoning by range, transport, timing, environment and software—not superficial similarity.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/compare/robot-depth-cameras/",
        "/component/realsense-d455/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-024",
      "group": "Manufacturers & replacements",
      "question": "How do NVIDIA Jetson AGX Orin and Qualcomm Robotics RB5 differ for synchronized multi-camera robots?",
      "coverage": [
        "compute-control",
        "perception-sensing"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests camera I/O, acceleration architecture, software, power and carrier-board boundaries.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/compare/robot-main-compute/",
        "/research/robot-compute-beyond-tops/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-025",
      "group": "Manufacturers & replacements",
      "question": "What evidence is required before calling one discontinued robot actuator a drop-in replacement for another?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests mechanical, electrical, protocol, control, thermal, lifecycle and validation evidence.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-component-interface-compatibility/",
        "/methodology/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-026",
      "group": "Standards, evidence & change",
      "question": "Which standards and test records matter when selecting safety-related robot components?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation",
        "compute-control",
        "power-energy",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests use of official standards while avoiding claims that component certification alone certifies a robot.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/sources/",
        "/methodology/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-027",
      "group": "Standards, evidence & change",
      "question": "Does UN 38.3 prove that a robot battery pack is safe for operation?",
      "coverage": [
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests the distinction between transport testing and application-level electrical, thermal and functional safety.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/robot-battery-compatibility/",
        "/compare/robot-battery-packs/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-028",
      "group": "Standards, evidence & change",
      "question": "How should changes between two versions of a robot component datasheet be recorded?",
      "coverage": [
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests document identity, revision, field-level diff, downstream impact and non-silent correction.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/methodology/",
        "/changes/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-029",
      "group": "Standards, evidence & change",
      "question": "What is the difference between a manufacturer claim and independent verification for robot hardware?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation",
        "perception-sensing",
        "compute-control",
        "power-energy"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests RCI’s core evidence-state distinction.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/research/evidence-before-rankings/",
        "/methodology/"
      ]
    },
    {
      "id": "RCI-AI-030",
      "group": "Standards, evidence & change",
      "question": "Which public humanoid robot projects disclose their joint actuator suppliers or a verifiable bill of materials?",
      "coverage": [
        "motion-actuation",
        "interfaces-integration"
      ],
      "intent": "Tests whether public BOM evidence is distinguished from teardown inference and repeated media claims.",
      "targetPages": [
        "/robots/",
        "/sources/"
      ]
    }
  ]
}